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1.
Preprint in English | medRxiv | ID: ppmedrxiv-21261150

ABSTRACT

Uruguay was able to control the viral dissemination during the first nine months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Unfortunately, towards the end of 2020, the number of daily new cases exponentially increased. Herein we analyzed the country-wide genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 between November, 2020 and April, 2021. Our findings identified that the most prevalent viral variant during late 2020 was a B.1.1.28 sublineage carrying mutations Q675H+Q677H in the viral Spike, now designated as lineage P.6. This new lineage P.6 probably arose around November 2020, in Montevideo, Uruguays capital department and rapidly spread to other Uruguayan departments, with evidence of further local transmission clusters, also spread sporadically to the USA and Spain. The Q675H and Q677H mutations are in the proximity of the polybasic cleavage site at the S1/S2 boundary and also arose independently in many SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating worldwide. Although the lineage P.6 was replaced by the Variant of Concern (VOC) P.1 as the predominant viral strain in Uruguay since April 2021, the monitoring of the concurrent emergence of Q675H+Q677H in VOCs should be of worldwide interest.

3.
Preprint in English | medRxiv | ID: ppmedrxiv-20161802

ABSTRACT

BackgroundSouth America has become the new epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 1.1M reported cases and >50,000 deaths (June 2020). Conversely, Uruguay stands out as an outlier managing this health crisis with remarkable success. MethodsWe developed a molecular diagnostic test to detect SARS-CoV-2. This methodology was transferred to research institutes, public hospitals and academic laboratories all around the country, creating a "COVID-19 diagnostic lab network". Uruguay also implemented active epidemiological surveillance following the "Test, Trace and Isolate" (TETRIS) strategy coupled to real-time genomic epidemiology. ResultsThree months after the first cases were detected, the number of positive individuals reached 826 (23 deaths, 112 active cases and 691 recovered). The Uruguayan strategy was based in a close synergy established between the national health authorities and the scientific community. In turn, academia rapidly responded to develop national RT-qPCR tests. Consequently, Uruguay was able to perform [~]1,000 molecular tests per day in a matter of weeks. The "COVID-19 diagnostic lab network" performed more than 54% of the molecular tests in the country. This, together with real- time genomics, were instrumental to implement the TETRIS strategy, helping to contain domestic transmission of the main outbreaks registered so far. ConclusionsUruguay has successfully navigated the first trimester of the COVID-19 health crisis in South America. A rapid response by the scientific community to increase testing capacity, together with national health authorities seeking out the support from the academia were fundamental to successfully contain, until now, the COVID-19 outbreak in the country.

4.
Preprint in English | bioRxiv | ID: ppbiorxiv-093609

ABSTRACT

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has triggered an extraordinary collapse of healthcare systems and hundred thousand of deaths worldwide. Following the declaration of the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30th, 2020, it has become imperative to develop diagnostic tools to reliably detect the virus in infected patients. Several methods based on real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA have been developed. In addition, these methods have been recommended by the WHO for laboratory diagnosis. Since all these protocols are based on the use of fluorogenic probes and one-step reagents (cDNA synthesis followed by PCR amplification in the same tube), these techniques can be difficult to perform given the limited supply of reagents in low and middle income countries. In the interest of economy, time and availability of chemicals and consumables, the SYBR Green-based detection was implemented to establish a convenient assay. Therefore, we adapted one of WHO recommended Taqman-based one-step real time PCR protocols (from the University of Hong Kong) to SYBR Green. Our results suggest that SYBR-Green detection represents a reliable cost-effective alternative to increase the testing capacity.

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