ABSTRACT
Flavonoids are compounds that result from the secondary metabolism of plants and play a crucial role in plant development and mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. The highest levels of flavonoids are found in legumes such as soybean. Breeding programs aim to increase desirable traits, such as higher flavonoid contents and vigorous seeds. Soybeans are one of the richest sources of protein in the plant kingdom and the main source of flavonoid derivatives for human health. In view of this, the hypothesis of this study is based on the possibility that the concentration of isoflavones in soybean seeds contributes to the physiological quality of the seeds. The aim of this study was to analyze the content of flavonoids in soybean genotypes and their influence on the physiological quality of the seeds. Seeds from thirty-two soybean genotypes were obtained by carrying out a field experiment during the 2021/22 crop season. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications and thirty-two F3 soybean populations. The seeds obtained were subjected to germination, first germination counting, electrical conductivity and tetrazolium vigor and viability tests. After drying and milling the material from each genotype, liquid chromatography analysis was carried out to obtain flavonoids, performed at UPLC level. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and, when significant, the means were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The results found here show the occurrence of genotypes with higher amounts of flavonoids when compared to their peers. The flavonoid FLVD_G2 had the highest concentration and differed from the others. Thus, we can assume that the type and concentration of flavonoids does not influence the physiological quality of seeds from different soybean genotypes, but it does indirectly contribute to viability and vigor, since the genotypes with the highest FLVD_G2 levels had better FGC values. The findings indicate that there is a difference between the content of flavonoids in soybean genotypes, with a higher content of genistein. The content of flavonoids does not influence the physiological quality of seeds, but contributes to increasing viability and vigor.
Subject(s)
Flavonoids , Genotype , Germination , Glycine max , Seeds , Glycine max/genetics , Glycine max/metabolism , Glycine max/growth & development , Seeds/genetics , Flavonoids/analysis , Flavonoids/metabolism , Isoflavones/analysis , Isoflavones/metabolismABSTRACT
The economically profitable production of crops is related, among other factors, to seed quality, the production system, and the water used in irrigation or preparation of nutrient solutions. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the phenology, production, and vigor of seeds of mini watermelons grown in saline nutrient solution and different substrates. In the fruit and seed production phase, the experiment occurred in a greenhouse with five electrical conductivities of water for nutrient solution preparation, ECw (0.5, 2.4, 4.0, 5.5, and 6.9 dS m-1), and two growing substrates (coconut fiber and sand). We evaluated the physiological quality of seeds previously produced under the five electrical conductivities of water and two substrates. High salinities for the hydroponic cultivation of the mini watermelon cultivar 'Sugar Baby' accelerated fruit maturation and crop cycle, decreasing fruit size. However, in both substrates, the seed production of mini watermelons, seed viability, and seed vigor occurred adequately with a reject brine of 6.9 dS m-1 in the hydroponic nutrient solution. The seed production of 'Sugar Baby' mini watermelons using reject brine in a hydroponic system with coconut fiber and sand substrates is viable in regions with water limitations.
ABSTRACT
Different regions have different environmental conditions, which may be unfavorable for the preservation of the quality of stored soybean seeds over time. Thus, it is necessary to adopt specific technologies to control the storage environment conditions. Big raffia bags are widely used for the storage of soybean seeds, however these consist of a porous, permeable material that allows the exchange of gases between the packaging and the storage environment. In an effort to find a solution to this problem, in this study we evaluated low cost big bag coating alternatives, in order to minimize the effects of temperature and intergranular humidity on stored seeds. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of soybean cultivars subjected to different temperature and storage duration conditions and stored in raffia bags with or without internal coating. We used a completely randomized, three-factor (10 × 6 × 5) experimental design. We assessed 10 soybean cultivars, six storage environments, and five evaluation periods. Our results showed that seeds of the M-SOY 8866, M7110 IPRO, CD 2737 RR, and BMX DESAFIO 8473 RSF soybean cultivars preserved their physiological quality better in different storage environments. The storage duration had a cumulative effect on the negative factors that favor the deterioration of the quality of the stored seeds. The storage temperature was the main factor that affected the physiological quality of the stored seeds. The use of coated packaging was beneficial in preserving the physiological quality of stored soybean seeds; however, its effect was greater at ambient temperature than in a cold environment. The best storage environment for the preservation of the quality of the seeds was characterized by 10°C temperature conditions and the use of coated packaging, while the worst storage environment was characterized by ambient temperature conditions without the use of coated packaging. Thus, it was concluded that the use of coatings in raffia big bags can be an alternative for maintaining the quality of seeds of different soybean cultivars during storage in seed processing units.
Subject(s)
Glycine max , Preservation, Biological/methods , Product Packaging/instrumentation , Resins, Synthetic , Seed Bank , Seeds , Textiles , Cell Survival , Electric Conductivity , Germination , Humidity , Polyethylene , Polypropylenes , Preservation, Biological/instrumentation , Random Allocation , Seeds/chemistry , Seeds/physiology , Temperature , Time Factors , Water/analysisABSTRACT
Chia (Salvia hispanica) is an annual oilseed crop of high nutritional value. This study aimed to analyze the performance of chia plants sown at different times and grown under different phosphorus rates. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at the Experimental Farm of the State University of Maringá, Umuarama, Brazil. Treatments were arranged in a randomized split-plot design with three replications. Phosphorus fertilizer was applied at the time of sowing at rates of 0, 40, 80, or 120 kg P2O5 ha-1. Seeds were sown on four dates at 14-day intervals, starting on March 21, 2017, for the first crop and March 29, 2018, for the second crop. Plant population density, raceme number, shoot dry matter yield, thousand seed weight, seed yield, and seed oil content were determined. It was observed that the end of March is the borderline for chia cultivation, because the low temperature and rainfall conditions occurring after this period compromise chia growth. The best phosphorous rate for chia growth was 80-120 kg ha-1, which led to optimum vegetative parameters.
ABSTRACT
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human and animal, although considered beneficial to higher plants. Selenium application at high concentration to plants can cause toxicity decreasing the physiological quality of seeds. This study aimed to characterize the Se toxicity on upland rice yield, seed physiology and the localization of Se in seeds using X-ray fluorescence microanalysis (µ-XRF). In the flowering stage, foliar application of Se (0, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 g ha-1) as sodium selenate was performed. A decrease in rice yield and an increase in seed Se concentrations were observed from 250 g Se ha-1. The storage proteins in the seeds showed different responses with Se application (decrease in albumin, increase in prolamin and glutelin). There was a reduction in the concentrations of total sugars and sucrose with the application of 250 and 500 g Se ha-1. The highest intensities Kα counts of Se were detected mainly in the endosperm and aleurone/pericarp. µ-XRF revealed the spatial distribution of sulfur, calcium, and potassium in the seed embryos. The seed germination decreased, and the electrical conductivity increased in response to high Se application rates showing clearly an abrupt decrease of physiological quality of rice seeds. This study provides information for a better understanding of the effects of Se toxicity on rice, revealing that in addition to the negative effects on yield, there are changes in the physiological and biochemical quality of seeds.
Subject(s)
Oryza/physiology , Selenium/toxicity , Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Animals , Endosperm , Glutens , Humans , Nutrients , Oryza/metabolism , Plant Proteins , Seeds/drug effects , Seeds/physiology , Selenic Acid/analysis , Sulfur/metabolismABSTRACT
This study describes the use of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in Crotalaria ochroleuca seed technology. This work evaluated X-ray fluorescence techniques to estimate the physiological performance of different C. ochroleuca seed coat colours based on the concentration and distribution of Ca, P, K, and S in seed structures. The treatments consisted of seeds separated by coat colours (yellow, green, and red) and a control treatment (colour mix according to their natural occurrence in commercial lots), and was carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The physiological performance was evaluated by analyzing the water content, germination, first germination count, germination speed index, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence, and seedling length and dry mass. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy techniques were carried out with quantitative analyses (Ca, P, K, and S concentration in the seed coat and the whole seed) and qualitative analyses (macronutrient mapping). The EDXRF and µ-XRF techniques are efficient and promising to differentiate the physiological performance of C. ochroleuca seeds, based on the concentration and distribution of Ca, P, K, and S in different structures. Ca is predominant in the seed coat, and K, S, and P are found throughout the embryonic axis. Seeds of yellow and green coats have higher nutrients concentration and distribution in the embryonic axis, revealing high germinative capacity and physiological performance. Seeds of red coat have higher nutrients concentration in the seed coat and lower assimilation, showing less vigour, which interferes directly in the quality of commercial lots.
Subject(s)
Crotalaria/physiology , Germination/physiology , Seedlings/growth & development , Seeds/chemistry , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission/methods , Calcium/analysis , Color , Crotalaria/chemistry , Phosphorus/analysis , Potassium/analysis , Seeds/physiology , Sulfur/analysisABSTRACT
The accelerated aging test has stood out among vigor tests. It has been used with different objectives, including as an assistance method in the selection of cultivars for plant breeding. This research aimed to analyze the effects of different exposure times to accelerated aging on the germination and vigor of sorghum seeds from different genetic sources. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with eight genotypes and four replications. Seeds were subject to an accelerated aging test with four exposure times (0, 24, 72, and 96 h) at a temperature of 47 °C and then evaluated by germination test (G), germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), seedling emergence (SE), emergence speed index (ESI), and mean emergence time (MET). All genotypes presented a reduction in germination, GSI, SE, and ESI, and an increase in MGT and MET. The genotype CMX5156A had an increase in seed vigor under conditions of high temperature and relative humidity. Accelerated aging for 72 hours at 47 °C drastically reduces seed vigor. The accelerated aging test can be used to differentiate sorghum genotypes in breeding programs
teste de envelhecimento acelerado tem se destacado entre os testes de vigor, sendo utilizado com diferentes objetivos, inclusive como método assistencial na seleção de cultivares para melhoramento de plantas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos de diferentes tempos de exposição ao envelhecimento acelerado na germinação e vigor de sementes de sorgo de diferentes fontes genéticas. O experimento consistiu em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com oito genótipos e quatro repetições. As sementes foram submetidas ao teste de envelhecimento acelerado com quatro tempos de exposição (0, 24, 72 e 96 h) a uma temperatura de 47 °C e avaliadas pelo teste de germinação (G), índice de velocidade de germinação (GSI), tempo médio de germinação. (MGT), emergência de plântulas (SE), índice de velocidade de emergência (ESI) e tempo médio de emergência (MET). Todos os genótipos apresentaram redução na germinação, GSI, SE e ESI, e aumento no MGT e MET. O genótipo CMX5156A apresentou sementes com maior vigor em condições de alta temperatura e umidade relativa. O envelhecimento acelerado por 72 horas a 47 °C reduz drasticamente o vigor das sementes. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado pode ser usado para diferenciar genótipos de sorgo em programas de melhoramento.
Subject(s)
Seeds , Germination , Sorghum , Plant BreedingABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The germination and growth of melon (Cucumis melo L.) plants can be severely affected by excess salts in the soil or irrigation water; however, negative effects of salt stress can be attenuated using appropriate methods of seed priming. Thus, effects of osmopriming as inducer of salt stress tolerance in melon seeds exposed to salinity levels were investigated in this study. Seeds were soaked for 22 h at 25 °C in the dark in distilled water (hydropriming) or 0.5% KNO3 solution (osmopriming), and after drying, were distributed in plastic boxes with blotter paper containing different NaCl solutions prepared with osmotic pressure of 0.0 MPa (control), -0.3 MPa (mild stress), and -0.6 MPa (severe stress). Unprimed dry seeds were taken as control. The plastic boxes were kept into a seed germinator, at 25 °C for 14 days. A completely randomized design in a 3 × 3 factorial schemes with four replicates of 25 seeds was used. Results showed that the seed priming with water and KNO3 may be successfully applied on melon seeds to alleviate the adverse effects of saline stress in initial stages of plant growth. However, under severe salt stress conditions, hydropriming should be used because it results in higher germination and initial growth rate of the seedlings when compared to the osmopriming. Use of unprimed seeds should not be adopted in cultivation areas affected by salinity because they result in low germination rate and reduced initial plant growth.
RESUMO: A germinação e o crescimento de plantas de melão (Cucumis melo L.) podem ser severamente afetadas pelo excesso de sais no solo ou na água de irrigação. No entanto, os efeitos negativos do estresse salino podem ser amenizados com o uso de métodos adequados de condicionamento das sementes. Assim, este estudo objetivou investigar os efeitos do osmocondicionamento como indutor da tolerância ao estresse salino em sementes de melão expostas à níveis de salinidade. As sementes foram imersas por 22 h à 25 °C em água destilada (hidrocondicionamento) ou em solução de 0,5% de KNO3 (osmocondicionamento). Após secagem, as sementes foram distribuídas em caixas plásticas com papel mata-borrão contendo as diferentes soluções de NaCl preparadas com potencial osmótico de 0,0 MPa (controle), -0,3 MPa (estresse suave) e -0,6 MPa (estresse severo). Um tratamento com sementes secas não condicionadas foi utilizado como controle. As caixas plásticas foram mantidas em germinador de sementes, a 25 °C por 14 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 × 3, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes. Os resultados mostraram que o condicionamento de sementes com água e KNO3 pode ser aplicado com sucesso em sementes de melão para amenizar os efeitos adversos do estresse salino durante o estágio inicial de crescimento das plantas. No entanto, sob estresse salino severo, o hidrocondicionamento deve ser utilizado por resultar em maior percentagem de germinação e maior taxa de crescimento inicial das plântulas quando comparado ao osmocondicionamento. O uso de sementes de melão sem condicionamento prévio não deve ser adotado em áreas de cultivo afetadas pela salinidade, pois resultam em baixa taxa de germinação e reduzido crescimento inicial das plantas.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Crambe is a rapeseed with high oil content and can be used as a winter cover or as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel, however espite the growing interest in the culture, research on the subject is still incipient, especially concerning the seed production and analysis technology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physiological quality of crambe seeds, 'FMS Brilhante' cultivar, by testing the pH of exudate. Five seed lots were submitted to the determination of water content and the tests of germination and vigor (first count, emergence and tetrazolium). In the conduction of pH exudate test, temperatures (25 and 30oC), and periods of seed imbibition in water (15, 30 and 45 minutes) were tested. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized manner, with four replicates, and the mean values were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability; Pearson correlation between the pH of the exudate and initial tests was also made. Testing the pH of exudate is promising for separating lots of crambe seeds and the following combinations of 25°C/30 minutes or 30°C/45 minutes can be used.
RESUMO: O crambe é uma brássica com alto teor de óleo, podendo ser utilizada como cobertura de inverno ou fonte de matéria prima para a produção de biodiesel, porém, apesar do crescente interesse pela cultura, as pesquisas ainda são incipientes, principalmente quanto à tecnologia de produção e análise de sementes. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de crambe, cultivar 'FMS Brilhante', pelo teste do pH do exsudato. Para tanto, cinco lotes de sementes foram submetidos à determinação do teor de água e a testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem, emergência e tetrazólio). Na condução do teste do pH do exsudato, foram testadas as temperaturas constantes de 25 e 30ºC e períodos de embebição das sementes em água de 15, 30 e 45 minutos. O experimento foi realizado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade; também foi feita a correlação de Pearson entre o pH do exsudato e as avaliações iniciais. O teste do pH do exsudato é promissor na separação de lotes de semente de crambe, podendo ser utilizadas as combinações 25ºC/30 minutos ou 30oC/45 minutos.
ABSTRACT
The storage of grains under technical conditions in favorable environment ensures grain quality and regulates the supply of raw material for food production. For this reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the different forms of storage (aerated silo, non-aerated silo, silo bags and airtight) of grains produced in the Brazilian cerrado, over time (zero, three and six months), for different physical qualities of maize (normal grains, whole grains and broken grains). The research was conducted at the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Chapadão do Sul Campus (CPCS), Grain Postharvest Laboratory. To determine the physical-chemical quality and the physical properties of grains over six months, samples were taken from the stored lots. Analysis of variance and comparison of means by Tukey's test were conducted at 5% probability. The six-month storage time was the main factor contributing to the reduction of the quality of maize grains. Storage alternatives with aeration, non-aeration, bags and airtight environment did not influence the physical properties of maize grains. The broken maize grains showed the worst physical and chemical quality during storage time, while the batch of whole corn grains differ in quality during storage. It was concluded that airtight storage and storage in aerated silos were the conditions that best preserved the physical and chemical quality of maize grains over time.
O armazenamento de grãos em condições técnicas em ambientais favoráveis garante a sua qualidade dos grãos e regula o fornecimento de matéria-prima para a produção de alimentos. Assim, objetivou-se com este estudo, avaliar as diferentes formas de armazenamento (em silo aerado, em silo sem aeração, em sacaria e hermético) de grãos produzidos no cerrado brasileiro, ao longo do tempo (zero, três e seis meses), para diferentes qualidades físicas de milho (grãos normais, grãos inteiros e grãos quebrados). A pesquisa foi realizada na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campus de Chapadão do Sul (CPCS), no Laboratório de Pós-Colheita de Grãos. Para determinar a qualidade físico-química e as propriedades físicas dos grãos, ao longo de seis meses, amostras foram coletadas dos lotes de produtos armazenados. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (4x3), quatro formas de armazenamento (hermética, sacaria, sem aeração e com aeração), três tipos de massa de milho (milho normal, milho inteiro, milho quebrado). A análise de variância e as médias pelo teste de Tukey foram comparados a 5% de probabilidade. O tempo de armazenamento de seis meses foi o principal fator que contribuiu para a redução da qualidade de grãos de milho. Alternativas de armazenamento com aeração, sem aeração, em sacaria e hermético não influenciou nas propriedades físicas dos grãos de milho. Os grãos de milho quebrados apresentaram a pior qualidade física e química durante o tempo de armazenamento. Enquanto que, os lotes de grãos de milho inteiros diferiram na qualidade durante o armazenamento. Concluiu-se que, o armazenamento hermético e o armazenamento em silos com aeração foi o que melhor preservou a qualidade física e química dos grãos de milho ao longo do tempo.
Subject(s)
Temperature , Zea mays , Grassland , Food StorageABSTRACT
O kino (Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey) é uma olerícola de ampla distribuição geográfica, com aumento significativo em relação à comercialização no mundo inteiro, devido não só à sua vida útil ser muito longa em temperatura ambiente, como também pela constante busca do mercado consumidor por produtos exóticos. Assim, a demanda e a comercialização de suas sementes estão aumentando, gerando a necessidade do estabelecimento de padrões estaduais e federais e do desenvolvimento de metodologias adequadas para a avaliação da qualidade delas. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a metodologia quanto ao substrato, temperatura e tempo de contagem para o teste de germinação em sementes de kino. As avaliações constaram de quatro substratos: rolo de papel, sobre papel, entre areia e sobre areia e quatro temperaturas: 20, 25 e 30°C constantes e 20-30°C alternada. O efeito dos substratos e temperaturas sobre o desempenho das sementes foi avaliado pelo teste de germinação, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de germinação. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 (substratos x temperaturas), com quatro repetições. O teste de germinação em sementes de kino deve ser realizado no rolo de papel, à temperatura constante de 25°C ou alternada de 20-30°C, com a contagem inicial e final, no quinto e décimo dia, respectivamente.
The kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey) is a cop of wide geographical distribution, with a significant increase in relation to marketing worldwide due not only to his life being too long at room temperature, as well as to the constant search market consumer for exotic products. Thus, demand and marketing of its seeds are increasing, creating the need for the establishment of state and federal standards and the development of appropriate methodologies for evaluating the quality of them. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the methodology for the substrate, temperature and time count for the germination test on Kiwano seeds. The evaluations consisted of four substrates: paper roll, on paper, in sand and on sand at four temperatures: 20, 25 e 30°C constant and 20-30°C alternating. The effect of substrate and temperature on seed performance was evaluated using germination, speed index and mean germination time. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with treatments arranged in a factorial 4x4 (substrates x temperatures) with four replications. The test germination in seeds of kiwano should be done on the paper roll at constant temperature of 25°C or alternating 20-30°C, with counting starting and ending in the fifth and tenth day, respectively.
ABSTRACT
A qualidade fisiológica é um dos principais objetos de estudos envolvendo sementes, pois estas podem sofrer uma série de mudanças degenerativas de diversas naturezas que culminam com a redução de seu vigor. Para suprir as deficiências do teste de germinação na caracterização de lotes, foram desenvolvidos testes de vigor, que estão muito bem caracterizados para as grandes culturas, mas recém aplicados para as sementes de olerícolas. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização do teste de condutividade elétrica na avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de berinjela. Quatro lotes de sementes de berinjela, cultivar 'Preta Comprida', foram submetidos a testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem da germinação, emergência das plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência e envelhecimento acelerado). Para o teste de condutividade elétrica, foram estudadas variações no volume de água (50 e 75mL), temperatura (25 e 30°C), número de sementes (25 e 50) e tempo de embebição (1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas). O teste de condutividade elétrica foi eficiente para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de berinjela, com o tempo de embebição podendo ser reduzido para quatro horas, porém a utilização de 50 sementes não permitiu diferenciar os lotes. O volume de 25mL em temperatura de 30°C foi a condição mais favorável para a ordenação consistente dos lotes quanto ao vigor, de forma que a condição mais adequada para o teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de berinjela é a utilização de 25 sementes em 50mL de água por quatro horas a 30°C.
The physiological quality is one of the main objects of studies involving seeds, as they may suffer a series of degenerative changes of various types which lead to reduction of its vigor. To compensate the deficiencies of the germination test in the characterization of lots, vigor tests have been developed, which are already well characterized for the main crops, but recently applied to vegetables seeds. So, this study aimed to evaluate the use of electrical conductivity in the physiological potential of eggplant seeds. Four seed lots of eggplant cultivar 'Preta Comprida', were tested for germination, first count germination, seedling emergence, speed of emergence and accelerated aging. For the electrical conductivity were studied variations in the volume of water (50 and 75mL), temperature (25 and 30°C), number of seeds (25 and 50) and imbibed (1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours). The electrical conductivity test was efficient for the eggplant seeds, and the soaking time can be reduced to four hours, but using 50 seeds failed to differentiate between batches. The volume of 25mL and 30°C was the most favorable condition for the consistent ordering of the lots on the force. The best conditions for the electrical conductivity in eggplant seed is the use of 25 seeds in 50mL of water for four hours at 30°C.
ABSTRACT
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de jiló pelo teste de envelhecimento acelerado, bem como, o uso de solução saturada de NaCl no controle da absorção de água pelas sementes durante a realização do teste. Para tanto, quatro lotes de sementes de jiló, cultivar 'Morro Grande Verde Escuro' foram submetidos à determinação do teor de água e aos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, condutividade elétrica e variações no teste de envelhecimento acelerado (41°C; 48, 72 e 96 horas; com e sem o uso de solução saturada de NaCl). A utilização de solução saturada de NaCl diminui a absorção de água pelas sementes de jiló durante o teste de envelhecimento acelerado, acarretando uma taxa de deterioração menos acentuada, permitindo o ranqueamento dos lotes em diferentes níveis de vigor. A exposição das sementes por um período de 48 horas em solução saturada de NaCl constitui opção promissora para a avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de jiló.
This study was to evaluate the physiological potential of jilo seeds through of accelerated aging test, as well as the use of saturated solution of NaCl in the control of water uptake by seeds during the test. To this end, four seed lots of jilo cultivar 'Morro Grande Verde Escuro', were tested for germination, first count germination, seedling emergence, rate of emergency, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging (41°C for 48, 72 and 96 hours, with and without the use of saturated solution of NaCl). The use of saturated NaCl solution decreases the absorption of water by seeds of eggplant during the accelerated aging test, resulting in a deterioration rate less pronounced, allowing the scoring of the lots at different levels of vigor. Seed exposure for a period of 48 hours is a promising option for assessing the physiological quality of seeds of jilo.
ABSTRACT
A qualidade da semente utilizada no processo de produção agrícola é um dos principais fatores a ser considerado para a implantação da cultura, havendo consenso entre todos os segmentos, sobre a importância do vigor das sementes e da necessidade de avaliá-lo. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar variações na condução do teste de deterioração controlada, verificando sua eficiência na identificação de diferentes níveis de vigor de sementes de rúcula, cultivar 'Cultivada' e 'Gigante' utilizando-se cinco lotes de sementes para cada um. As sementes foram submetidas à determinação do teor de água e a testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência e, para verificar a eficiência na identificação de diferentes níveis de vigor, foram estudadas variações no teste de deterioração controlada (teor de água de 18, 21 e 24 por cento, a 45°C durante 24 e 48 horas). O experimento foi montado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado e os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo que as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5 por cento de probabilidade. Pelos resultados obtidos no teste de deterioração controlada, observou-se que não houve relação com as avaliações iniciais do potencial fisiológico das sementes, principalmente para o teste de emergência. Concluiu-se que, nas condições estudadas, esse teste não é sensível o suficiente para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de rúcula, para ambas as cultivares estudadas.
The quality of the seed used in the process of agricultural production is one of the main factors to be considered for the implantation of the culture, having consensus between all the segments, on the importance of the vigor of the seeds and the necessity to evaluate it. This research had the purpose of studying proccedings for controlled deterioration test, to verify their sensitivity for identifying different vigor levels of arugula seed, cv. 'Cultivada' and 'Gigante', using five lots of seeds for each. The seeds were subjected to the determination of water content and tests of germination, first germination, emergence, and to verify the efficiency in identifying different levels of vigor, were studied variations in the controlled deterioration test (seed moisture content of 18, 21 and 24 percent, at 45oC for 24 and 48 hours). The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design and the results were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5 percent probability. The results obtained for the controlled deterioration test showed that there was no relation with the initial assessments of the physiological potential, especially for testing of emergency. It was concluded that under the conditions tested, this test was not sensitive enough to assess the potential physiologic arugula, for both cultivars.
ABSTRACT
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.), popularmente conhecida como pitaia vermelha é uma cactácea para a qual se tem registrado um aumento de consumo nos últimos anos e, por ser ainda pouco explorada, vários aspectos referentes à sua propagação ainda são desconhecidos. Até o momento, não existem critérios para a execução de testes de germinação para sementes dessa espécie, publicados nas Regras para Análise de Sementes. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho adequar a metodologia quanto ao substrato, temperatura e tempo de contagem inicial e final para o teste de germinação. Foram testados quatro substratos (rolo de papel, areia, vermiculita e solo) e quatro temperaturas (20, 25, 30 e 20-30°C). O efeito dos substratos no desempenho germinativo das sementes foi avaliado pelo teste de germinação e de primeira contagem instalado com quatro subamostras de 50 sementes. Foram feitas contagens diárias do número de plântulas emergidas até atingirem a estabilidade e, no final do experimento, foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação das sementes, considerando as plântulas normais, anormais e sementes mortas. Concluiu-se que o teste de germinação de sementes de pitaia vermelha deve ser realizado à temperatura constante de 25°C em rolo de papel, com contagens inicial e final aos cinco e dez dias após a semeadura, respectivamente.
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.), popularly known as red pitaya is a cactus for which it has been registered an increase in consumption in recent years and, being as yet little explored, several aspects related to its propagation are still unknown. Yet, there are no criteria for the performance of germination tests for seeds of this species published in Rules for Seed Analysis. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to adapt the methodology to the substrate, temperature and time of initial and final count for the germination test. Four substrates were tested (rolled paper, sand, vermiculite and soil) and four temperatures (20, 25, 30 e 20-30°C).The effect of substrates on the seeds germination performance was evaluated by the germination test and first count installed with four replicates of 50 seeds. The number of seedlings was counted daily until they achieved stability. The percentage of seed germination was evaluated at the end of the experiment, considering the normal and abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. It was concluded that the germination test of red pitaya seeds must be performed at constant temperature of 25°C in rolled paper, with initial and final counts at five and ten days after sowing, respectively.