ABSTRACT
Em 2010, a população indígena representava 0,2% da população brasileira e estava localizada, em maior parte, na Amazônia Legal. No Brasil, existem leis de proteção à população indígena, além de uma Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas. Entretanto, grande parte da população indígena encontra-se em vulnerabilidade social e sanitária, que são mais acentuadas em determinadas regiões do país. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou calcular e avaliar a taxa de mortalidade geral na população indígena brasileira e investigar correlações com indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico baseado em dados oficiais (2000 e 2010). Os quantitativos de óbitos foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Os dados de população indígena foram extraídos de Censos Demográficos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. As taxas de mortalidade geral foram calculadas por unidade federativa e correlacionadas, por meio do teste de correlação de Pearson, com indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde extraídos da plataforma Atlas Brasil. Observou-se, no Brasil, aumento da taxa de mortalidade geral indígena de 15,0% entre 2000 e 2010. Entre as regiões, o Centro-Oeste apresentou as maiores taxas em 2000 e 2010 (4,54 e 5,56 óbitos/1.000 indígenas, respectivamente). Em 2000, o estado com maior mortalidade geral foi o Piauí (9,76/1.000) e em 2010 foi o Mato Grosso do Sul (6,54/1.000). A mortalidade geral indígena não apresentou correlação significativa (p-valor≤0,05) com os indicadores analisados. Os achados deste estudo indicaram que a taxa de mortalidade geral indígena no Brasil aumentou de uma forma desigual, de acordo com regiões/unidades federativas, e sem correlação com os indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde analisados.
In 2010, the indigenous population represented 0.2% of the Brazilian population and was mostly located in the Legal Amazon region. In Brazil, there are laws to protect the indigenous population, in addition to a National Health Care Policy for Indigenous Peoples. However, a large part of the indigenous population is considered under social and sanitary vulnerability, which are more pronounced in certain regions of the country. Therefore, this study aimed to calculate and evaluate the all-cause mortality rate in the Brazilian indigenous population and investigate correlations with socioeconomic and health indicators. This is an ecological study based on official data (2000 and 2010). The number of deaths were extracted from the Mortality Information System. Indigenous population data were extracted from Demographic Censuses of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The all-cause mortality rate were calculated by states and correlated, through Pearson's correlation test, with socioeconomic and health indicators extracted from the Atlas Brazil platform. In Brazil, an increase in the overall indigenous mortality rate was observed of 15.0% between 2000 and 2010. Among the regions, the Midwest had the highest rates in 2000 and 2010 (4.54 and 5.56 deaths/1,000 indigenous people, respectively). In 2000, the state with the highest all-cause mortality rate was Piauí (9.76/1,000) and in 2010 it was Mato Grosso do Sul (6.54/1,000). All-cause mortality rate did not present a significant correlation (p-value ≤0.05) with the analyzed indicators. The findings of this study indicated that the all-cause mortality rate in Brazil increased unevenly, according to regions/states, and without any correlation with the socioeconomic and health indicators analyzed.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The state of Amapá is located in Brazil's Legal Amazon and comprises 16 municipalities. Its history is marked by social vulnerability and industrial mining; therefore, its current socioeconomic and occupational context should be analyzed considering possible sociohistorical and geographic influences. OBJECTIVES: To analyze and/or describe the epidemiological profile of workers, occupational accidents, the socioeconomic context, and time evolution of the number of workers in the state and their relationship with the state's gross domestic product. METHODS: This is an analytic time series study based on official public data. We used a simple regression test to analyze the relationship between the number of workers and gross domestic product and to assess the time trend of the number of workers. The studied period was from 2007 to 2017. RESULTS: The number of workers presented an increasing trend over time (R2 = 0.902; p < 0.001), with a relative increase of 49.8% between 2007 and 2017. We observed a positive relationship between the annual increase in the number of workers and the state's gross domestic product (R2 = 0.899; p < 0.001). The economic activity with the highest mean number of workers was public administration, defense, and social security. The highest socioeconomic indicators were observed in the state capital Macapá. Non-hazardous waste management was the activity concentrating the highest absolute number of occupational accidents. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlighted important socioeconomic contrasts within the state. The significant increases in the gross domestic product and number of workers are signs of development, but the high number of occupational accidents represents a serious public health problem.