The angiotensin II/type 1 angiotensin II receptor pathway is implicated in the dysfunction of albumin endocytosis in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells induced by high glucose levels.

It is well-established that dysfunction of megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis by proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) and the activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) play significant roles in the development of Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). However, the precise correlation between these factors still requires further investigation. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the potential role of angiotensin II (Ang II), a known effector of RAS, as the mediator of albumin endocytosis dysfunction induced by high glucose (HG) in PTECs. To achieve this, we utilized LLC-PK1 and HK-2 cells, which are well-established in vitro models of PTECs. Using albumin-FITC or DQ-albumin as tracers, we observed that incubation of LLC-PK1 and HK-2 cells with HG (25 mM for 48 h) significantly reduced canonical receptor-mediated albumin endocytosis, primarily due to the decrease in megalin expression. HG increased the concentration of Ang II in the LLC-PK1 cell supernatant, a phenomenon associated with an increase in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression and a decrease in prolyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP) expression. ACE type 2 (ACE2) expression remained unchanged. To investigate the potential impact of Ang II on HG effects, the cells were co-incubated with angiotensin receptor inhibitors. Only co-incubation with 10-7 M losartan (an antagonist for type 1 angiotensin receptor, AT1R) attenuated the inhibitory effect of HG on albumin endocytosis, as well as megalin expression. Our findings contribute to understanding the genesis of tubular albuminuria observed in the early stages of DKD, which involves the activation of the Ang II/AT1R axis by HG.

Coconut shell-based biochars produced by an innovative thermochemical process for obtaining improved lignocellulose-based adsorbents.

The urgent need for a simple and cost-effective thermochemical process to produce biochar has prompted this study. The aim was to develop a straightforward thermochemical process under O2-limited conditions for the production of coconut-based biochar (CBB) and to assess its ability to remove methylene blue (MB) through adsorption, comparing it with CBB produced by slow pyrolysis. CBBs were obtained under different atmospheric conditions (O2-limited, muffle furnace biochar (MFB); and inert, pyrolytic reactor biochar (PRB)), at 350, 500, and 700 °C, and for 30 and 90'. MFB and PRB were characterized using FTIR, RAMAN, SEM, EDS, and XRD analyses. Adsorption tests were conducted using 1.0 g L-1 of MFB and PRB, 10 mg L-1 of MB at 25 °C for 48 h. Characterization revealed that atmospheric conditions significantly influenced the yield and structural features of the materials. PRB exhibited higher yields and larger cavities than MFB, but quite similar spectral features. Adsorption tests indicated that MFB and PRB had qt values of 33.1 and 9.2 mg g-1, respectively, which were obtained at 700 °C and 90', and 700 °C and 30', respectively. This alternative method produced an innovative and promising lignocellulose-based material with great potential to be used as a biosorbent.

Toll like receptor 4 mediates the inhibitory effect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on proximal tubule albumin endocytosis.

Tubular proteinuria is a common feature in COVID-19 patients, even in the absence of established acute kidney injury. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) was shown to inhibit megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). Angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) was not directly involved. Since Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediates S protein effects in various cell types, we hypothesized that TLR4 could be participating in the inhibition of PTECs albumin endocytosis elicited by S protein. Two different models of PTECs were used: porcine proximal tubule cells (LLC-PK1) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). S protein reduced Akt activity by specifically inhibiting of threonine 308 (Thr308) phosphorylation, a process mediated by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1). GSK2334470, a PDK1 inhibitor, decreased albumin endocytosis and megalin expression mimicking S protein effect. S protein did not change total TLR4 expression but decreased its surface expression. LPS-RS, a TLR4 antagonist, also counteracted the effects of the S protein on Akt phosphorylation at Thr308, albumin endocytosis, and megalin expression. Conversely, these effects of the S protein were replicated by LPS, an agonist of TLR4. Incubation of PTECs with a pseudovirus containing S protein inhibited albumin endocytosis. Null or VSV-G pseudovirus, used as control, had no effect. LPS-RS prevented the inhibitory impact of pseudovirus containing the S protein on albumin endocytosis but had no influence on virus internalization. Our findings demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of the S protein on albumin endocytosis in PTECs is mediated through TLR4, resulting from a reduction in megalin expression.

Bradykinin produced during Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic cycle drives monocyte adhesion to human brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis is described as a multistep mechanism. In this context, monocytes have been implicated in CM pathogenesis by increasing the sequestration of infected red blood cells to the brain microvasculature. In disease, endothelial activation is followed by reduced monocyte rolling and increased adhesion. Nowadays, an important challenge is to identify potential pro-inflammatory stimuli that can modulate monocytes behavior. Our group have demonstrated that bradykinin (BK), a pro-inflammatory peptide involved in CM, is generated during the erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum and is detected in culture supernatant (conditioned medium). Herein we investigated the role of BK in the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells of blood brain barrier (BBB). To address this issue human monocytic cell line (THP-1) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) were used. It was observed that 20% conditioned medium from P. falciparum infected erythrocytes (Pf-iRBC sup) increased the adhesion of THP-1 cells to hBMECs. This effect was mediated by BK through the activation of B2 and B1 receptors and involves the increase in ICAM-1 expression in THP-1 cells. Additionally, it was observed that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril, enhanced the effect of both BK and Pf-iRBC sup on THP-1 adhesion. Together these data show that BK, generated during the erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum, could play an important role in adhesion of monocytes in endothelial cells lining the BBB.

Insights on the Synthesis of Al-MCM-41 with Optimized Si/Al Ratio for High-Performance Antibiotic Adsorption.

Studies indicate that approximately two-thirds of the rivers of the world are contaminated by pharmaceutical compounds, especially antibiotics and hormones. Data reported by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2015) revealed an increase of 65% in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015, with a worldwide increase of 200% expected up to 2030. Environmental contamination by antibiotics and their metabolites can cause the alteration of bacterial genes, leading to the generation of superbacteria. In this work, adsorption was explored as a strategy to mitigate antibiotic contamination, proposing the use of the Al-MCM-41 mesoporous material as an efficient and high-capacity adsorbent. Evaluation of the influence of the synthesis parameters enabled understanding of the main variables affecting the adsorption capacity of Al-MCM-41 for the removal of a typical antibiotic, amoxicillin (AMX). It was found that the adsorbent composition and specific surface area were the main factors that should be optimized in order to obtain the highest AMX removal capacity. Using statistical tools, the best Si/Al ratio in Al-MCM-41 was found to be 10.5, providing an excellent AMX uptake of 132.2 mg per gram of adsorbent. The Si/Al ratio was the most significant factor affecting the adsorption. The cation-π interactions increased with an increase of the Al content, while the interactions involving silanols (Yoshida H-bonding and dipole-dipole hydrogen bridges) decreased.

O-Linked GlcNAcylation mediates the inhibition of proximal tubule (Na++K+)ATPase activity in the early stage of diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). It has been proposed that modifications in the function of proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) precede glomerular damage during the onset of DKD. This study aimed to identify modifications in renal sodium handling in the early stage of DM and its molecular mechanism. METHODS: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic BALB/c mice (STZ group) and LLC-PK1 cells, a model of PTECs, were used. All parameters were assessed in the 4th week after an initial injection of STZ. RESULTS: Early stage of DKD was characterized by hyperfiltration and PTEC dysfunction. STZ group exhibited increased urinary sodium excretion due to impairment of tubular sodium reabsorption. This was correlated to a decrease in cortical (Na++K+)ATPase (NKA) α1 subunit expression and enzyme activity and an increase in O-GlcNAcylation. RNAseq analysis of patients with DKD revealed an increase in expression of the glutamine-fructose aminotransferase (GFAT) gene, a rate-limiting step of hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, and a decrease in NKA expression. Incubation of LLC-PK1 cells with 10 µM thiamet G, an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase, reduced the expression and activity of NKA and increased O-GlcNAcylation. Furthermore, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a GFAT inhibitor, or dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, avoided the inhibitory effect of HG on expression and activity of NKA associated with the decrease in O-GlcNAcylation. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the impairment of tubular sodium reabsorption, in the early stage of DM, is due to SGLT2-mediated HG influx in PTECs, increase in O-GlcNAcylation and reduction in NKA expression and activity.

Gold nanoparticles reduce tubule-interstitial injury and proteinuria in a murine model of subclinical acute kidney injury.

Subclinical acute kidney injury (subAKI) is characterized by tubule-interstitial injury without significant changes in glomerular function. SubAKI is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of acute and chronic kidney diseases. Currently, therapeutic strategies to treat subAKI are limited. The use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has shown promising benefits in different models of diseases. However, their possible effects on subAKI are still unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of AuNPs on a mouse model of subAKI. Animals with subAKI showed increased functional and histopathologic markers of tubular injury. There were no changes in glomerular function and structure. The animals with subAKI also presented an inflammatory profile demonstrated by activation of Th1 and Th17 cells in the renal cortex. This phenotype was associated with decreased megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis and expression of proximal tubular megalin. AuNP treatment prevented tubule-interstitial injury induced by subAKI. This effect was associated with a shift to an anti-inflammatory Th2 response. Furthermore, AuNP treatment preserved megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis in vivo and in vitro. AuNPs were not nephrotoxic in healthy mice. These results suggest that AuNPs have a protective effect in the tubule-interstitial injury observed in subAKI, highlighting a promising strategy as a future antiproteinuric treatment.

Surface megalin expression is a target to the inhibitory effect of bradykinin on the renal albumin endocytosis.

Megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis plays a critical role in albumin reabsorption in proximal tubule (PT) epithelial cells (PTECs). Some studies have pointed out the modulatory effect of bradykinin (BK) on urinary protein excretion, but its role in PT protein endocytosis has not yet been determined. Here, we studied the possible correlation between BK and albumin endocytosis in PT. Using LLC-PK1 cells, a model of PTECs, we showed that BK specifically inhibited megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis. This inhibitory effect of BK was mediated by B2 receptor (B2R) because it was abolished by HOE140, an antagonist of B2R, but it was not affected by Lys-des-Arg9-BK, an antagonist of B1. BK induced the stall of megalin in EEA1+ endosomes, but not in LAMP1+ lysosomes, leading to a decrease in surface megalin expression. In addition, we showed that BK, through B2R, activated calphostin C-sensitive protein kinase C, which mediated its effect on the surface megalin expression and albumin endocytosis. These results reveal an important modulatory mechanism of PT albumin endocytosis by BK, which opens new possibilities to understanding the effect of BK on urinary albumin excretion.

Vivências de usuários de álcool e outras drogas em um centro de atenção psicossocial / Alcohol and other drug users 'lives in a psychosocial care center / El alcohol y otras vidas de los usuarios de drogas en un centro de atención psicosocial

Objetivos: Conhecer as vivências de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de álcool e de drogas em Minas Gerais. Método: Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa. A amostra foi composta por 18 participantes determinada pela técnica de saturação. A coleta de dados foi realizada por entrevista semiestruturada com questões norteadoras, gravadas, transcritas, e por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, resultou em quatro categorias. Resultado: A maior dificuldade em aderir ao tratamento é o rompimento dos vínculos familiares e as fragilidades sociais. O acolhimento interfere na adesão e abandono do tratamento. Relatam ainda a falta de estrutura do ambiente coletivo e de atividades recreativas. Conclusão: Tem-se como ponto facilitador para adesão ao tratamento o acolhimento, a escuta ativa e a família. Como incipiente tem-se a infraestrutura física do local, as atividades de lazer e as oficinas terapêuticas.(AU)

Objectives: To know the experiences of users of a Psychosocial Care Center for alcohol and drugs in Minas Gerais. Method: This is an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative approach. The sample was composed by 18 participants determined by the saturation technique. The data collection was done through a semi-structured interview with four guiding questions, recorded, transcribed, and through the technique of content analysis, resulted in four categories. Results: Revealed that the greatest difficulty in adhering to treatment is the disruption of family ties correlated with social difficulties such as social exclusion and street dwelling. For most, the way in which the host occurs interferes with adherence and abandonment of treatment. They also report the lack of structure of the collective environment and recreational activities. Conclusion: Users reported as a facilitator for adherence to treatment, welcoming, active listening of professionals and the family as an essential support. It has as incipient the infrastructure of the establishment, the leisure activities and the therapeutic workshops.(AU)

Objetivos: Conocer las experiencias de los usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial para el consumo de alcohol y drogas en Minas Gerais. Método: Este es un enfoque exploratorio, descriptivo y cualitativo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 18 participantes determinados por la técnica de saturación. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de una entrevista semiestructurada con cuatro preguntas de guía, grabadas, transcritas y mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido, que dio como resultado cuatro categorías. Resultados: Reveló que la mayor dificultad para adherirse al tratamiento es la interrupción de los lazos familiares relacionados con dificultades sociales como la exclusión social y la vivienda en la calle. Para la mayoría, la forma en que se produce el huésped interfiere con la adherencia y el abandono del tratamiento. También denuncian la falta de estructura del entorno colectivo y las actividades recreativas. Conclusión: Los usuarios informaron como facilitadores de la adherencia al tratamiento, la bienvenida y la escucha activa de los profesionales y la familia como un apoyo esencial. Tiene como incipiente la infraestructura del establecimiento, las actividades de ocio y los talleres terapéuticos.(AU)

Liquid biopsy in cancer using the Z-scan technique: a new approach to discover biomarkers in cancer.

AIM: Biomarkers have been broadly studied as a tool for the diagnosis and prognosis for different types of cancer. Z-scan is a kind of measurement technique that generates a nonlinear refractive index (n2). Today, Z-scan has been used in oncology to discriminate between solid tumors and to identify tumor circulating cell-free DNA in liquid samples. MATERIALS & METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in this review, 35 articles were selected. CONCLUSION: The use of this technique for this kind of measurement will allow for a rapid and precise diagnosis of different types of tumor and may lead to better therapeutic approaches.

Application of the Z-scan technique for the detection of CFCDNA (cell-free circulating DNA) and urine DNA (uDNA) in patients with bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND: Patients with BC have a higher amount of cell-free circulating DNA (CFCDNA) in the blood and urine than healthy people. We aimed to verify if the Z-Scan method could analyze the concentrations of uDNA (urinary) and pDNA (plasma) in relation to the time of collection during treatment for patients with bladder cancer. METHODS: Peripheral blood and urine samples were obtained from 30 patients with BC at the time of diagnosis, 45, 90 and 180 days after initiating treatment; 5 µL of k-DNA (k = u or p) was added in 250 µL a solution of 1:1000 Ethidium Bromide dye (EtBr) in water. Continum laser Nd:YVO4, wavelength λ = 532 nm was used. Samples of uDNA and pDNA in water were submitted to the laser with an incident power of 84.5 mW and an exposure time of 30 ms. RESULTS: There was a different concentration of pDNA and uDNA during the treatment of patients using both optical techniques. However, the reaction rate of pDNA and uDNA was similar with spectrophotometry, whereas the z-scan technique presented different values. CONCLUSION: Z-scan technique has potential for use in the differentiation of pDNA and uDNA concentrations, which are distinct in patients with BC and healthy people.

The effects of transcutaneous low-level laser therapy on the skin healing process: an experimental model.

We aim to evaluate the action of transcutaneous laser in the initial wound healing process. The use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has proven to be effective on inflammatory modulation and wound healing. The trial was performed on five groups of rats, through a dorsal incision. All groups received treatment on auricular artery. Groups 1 and 3 were treated with transcutaneous LLLT over a period of 15 min. Groups 2 and 4 received one and two inactive laser applications (placebo), respectively. Group 5 was the control one. Blood samples were collected 2 h after the last application of LLLT so that cytokine levels could be measured by ELISA. Tissue fragments were harvested for morphometric, histomorphometric, and RT-qPCR analyses. The morphometric analysis revealed a greater decrease in the wounded area in G1 when compared with G2, whereas in G3, the improvement in the area was greater when compared with G4. Finally, the histomorphometric analysis showed that G1 was the group closer to G5 in terms of collagen fiber count. G2 and G4 had higher amounts of collagen fibers than G5 while G3 had a lower quantity. The use of the transcutaneous LLLT in the current study influenced the wound healing process.

Administração segura de medicamentos via endovenosa: uma proposta para o hospital universitário / Safe intravenous drug administration: a proposal for the university hospital

Introdução: A assistência à saúde com qualidade e segurança é um tema atual e pertinente aos serviços de saúde, que tem se preocupado em aprimorar seus processos com base nos preceitos desta temática. Este estudo visa contribuir para qualidade e segurança na assistência aos pacientes no que concerne a administração de medicamentos. E também pretende contribuir com o ensino e pesquisa nesta área na medida em que trata um delineamento da realidade de uma Instituição de Ensino e busca propor uma uniformização do processo. Objetivos: Identificar a dinâmica de administração de medicamentos. Elaborar um Procedimento Operacional Padrão para administração de medicamentos via endovenosa. Elaborar Lista de Verificação (CheckList) com as etapas a serem seguidas para uma administração segura de medicamentos para avaliar adesão dos profissionais. Os produtos oriundos dessa pesquisa foram: Procedimento Operacional Padrão para administração de medicamentos via endovenosa e um CheckList com as etapas para administração segura de medicamentos.Método:Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa para análise dos dados. Os participantes foram os membros da Equipe de Enfermagem da enfermaria de escolha, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da observação direta guiada por um roteiro de observação, no segundo semestre de 2015, de segunda a domingo, nos três turnos de trabalho após a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, sendo a amostra não probabilística por conveniência. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética das instituições proponente e co-participante sob os pareceres n° 1.262.690 e 1.301.318. Resultados: Foi observado um total de 23 doses de medicamentos por via endovenosa. Foi observada adesão superior à 50% na maioria das etapas da administração de medicamentos. Porém ressaltou-se como pontos de atenção uma adesão de 17% ao uso de EPI durante a manipulação dos medicamentos, 17% à desinfecção das conexões antes da administração e 15% à higienização das mãos logo após o procedimento antes de retornar ao posto de enfermagem. Conclusão: Os achados desta pesquisa apontam para necessidade de intervenção em questões da prática dos profissionais como higienização das mãos e uso de EPI's. Esses dados corroboram a necessidade de uma uniformização da prática assistencial no que concerne a administração de medicamentos visando à qualidade e segurança da assistência de Enfermagem

Introduction: Health care with quality and safety is a current topic and pertinent to health services, which has been concerned with improving its processes based on the precepts of this theme. This study aims to contribute to quality and safety in patient care in drug administration. It also intends to contribute to teaching and research in this area insofar as it deals with a delineation of the reality of a teaching institution and seeks to propose a standardization of the process. Objectives: To identify the dynamics of drug administration. Elaborate a Standard Operating Procedure for intravenous drug administration. Elaborate Checklist with the steps to follow for safe administration of medications to assess adherence of professionals. The products that came from this research were: Standard Operating Procedure for intravenous drug administration and a CheckList with the steps for safe administration of drugs. Method: Descriptive study with qualitative approach for data analysis. Participants were members of the Nursing Team of the infirmary of choice, data collection was done through direct observation guided by an observation script, in the second half of 2015, from Monday to Sunday, in the three work shifts after the signature of the Free and Informed Consent Term, being the non-probabilistic sample for convenience. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the proposing institutions and co-participant under the reports no. 1,262,690 and 1,301,318. Results: A total of 23 intravenous drug doses were observed. Adherence was higher than 50% in most stages of drug administration. However, a 17% adherence to the use of PPE during the manipulation of medications, 17% to the disinfection of the connections before administration and 15% to the hygiene of the hands soon after the procedure before returning to the nursing station . Conclusion: The findings of this research point to the need for intervention in issues of professional practice such as hand hygiene and use of PPE. These data corroborate the need for a standardization of care practice regarding the administration of medicines aiming at the quality and safety of Nursing care

Plasma and urine DNA levels are related to microscopic hematuria in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma.

a) Objective: An increase in cell-free DNA was observed in the plasma of many cancer patients. This major biomarker can be used to differentiate patients with malignant neoplasms from those with benign neoplasms or healthy patients. Depending on the characteristic of the tumor, there are qualitative variations in the circulating cell-free DNA. Today, studies on the concentration of fragments of circulating cell-free DNA and their respective sizes in patients with bladder cancer are not plentiful in the literature. A 100% effective plasma tumor marker, which would help in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer, is yet to be developed; therefore, cell-free DNA levels in the plasma may represent a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of patients with this type of tumor. b) Design and methods: In this study we analyze the kinetics of plasma and urine DNA concentrations in patients with bladder cancer, relating them to the other clinical laboratory variables. c) Results: Patients with hematuria showed a positive correlation with urine DNA. d) Conclusion: An increase in plasma and urine DNA was unprecedentedly reported over time, a fact that may come in handy in the prognosis of patients. Furthermore, microscopic haematuria is correlated with plasma and urinary DNA levels.

Impact of Selenium Supplementation in Neutropenia and Immunoglobulin Production in Childhood Cancer Patients.

Essential to human health, selenium (Se) has enzymatic functions of fundamental importance to human biology due to its effects on DNA damage repair, its antioxidant properties, and cancer prevention. The best studied relationships between Se and the immune system is its role in the functions of neutrophils and of lymphocytes. Despite these observations, it is not yet clear by which mechanism Se is able to modify the immune status. This was a double-blind, crossover study: Group 1 received Se and Group 2 received placebo (30 days). After this, Group 1 received placebo and Group 2 received Se (30 days). Every 30 days, blood samples were collected for white blood cell count, red blood cell count, and Ig level measurement (IgA, IgG, IgE, IgM). Of the 36 patients, 17 were suffering from leukemia/lymphomas (LL) and 19 from solid tumors (ST). In the ST group's leukogram, a significant increase in neutrophils was observed after Se usage (P = .0192). During the analyzed period, Se minimized the triggering of neutropenia cases in both groups. IgA and IgG levels in ST patients were significantly higher than those identified in LL patients after Se usage (P = .0051 and P = .0055). For IgA, a significant increase in its production, after Se usage, was observed in the ST group when compared to the LL (P = .0011). The same did not occur to the IgM and IgE immunoglobulins. In our study, the supplementation with Se reduced the neutropenic cases (LL and ST patients) and reduced IgG and IgA levels in LL and increased in ST group.

Fatores facilitadores do ensino-aprendizagem na formação do enfermeiro: uma revisão integrativa / Factores que favorecen el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la educación de enfermería: una revisión integradora / Factors facilitating the teaching-learning in nursing education: an integrative review

To reveal the factors that facilitate the teaching-learning process in the training of nurses. Method: it is an integrative review, aiming to answer the following research question: What is produced on the teaching-learning process in the formation of the nurse? Results: we selected seven productions in scientific databases: Cochrane, Lilacs and Cinahl, using descriptors selected from the PICOS strategy. The articles were classified into two main themes: factors influencing student learning of Nursing and the difficulties that arise in seeking facilitators to achieve the goals of the teacher. Conclusion: it was evident that the interaction student teacher stands out as the main factor that facilitates the learning process, being mostly noted among the selected articles...

revelar os fatores facilitadores do processo ensino-aprendizagem na formação do Enfermeiro. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, com vistas a responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: O que existe produzido sobre o processo ensino-aprendizagem na formação do Enfermeiro? Resultados: foram selecionadas sete produções cientificas nas bases de dados: Cochrane, Lilacs e Cinahl, com a utilização de descritores selecionados a partir da estratégia PICOS. Os artigos foram classificados em 2 eixos temáticos: fatores que influenciam na aprendizagem do discente de Enfermagem e as dificuldades que surgem em busca de facilitadores para alcançar os objetivos do professor. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que a interação professor aluno se destaca como principal fator facilitador para o processo ensino aprendizagem, sendo majoritariamente ressaltado dentre os artigos selecionados...

revelar los factores que facilitan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la formación de enfermeras. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora, con el objetivo de responder a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: Lo que se produce en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la formación de la enfermera? Nosotros? Seleccionados siete producciones en bases de datos científicas: Cochrane, LILACS y CINAHL, utilizando descriptores seleccionados de la estrategia PICOS. Resultados: los artículos se clasifican en dos grandes temas: factores que influyen en el aprendizaje del estudiante de Enfermería y las dificultades que surgen en la búsqueda de facilitadores para alcanzar los objetivos de la maestra. Conclusión: eres evidente que el profesor y el estudiante la interacción se destaca como el principal factor que facilita el proceso de aprendizaje, se observó principalmente entre los seleccionados...

Teoria da Aprendizagem Transformativa aplicada em capacitação sobre Suporte Básico de Vida no contexto de trabalho de uma indústria metalúrgica / Theory of Transformative Learning applied to habilitation on Basic Life Support in the work environment of a metallurgy industry

Este estudo objetivou desenvolver, implementar e avaliar uma estratégia de capacitação para trabalhadores de uma indústria metalúrgica do interior do Estado de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa estruturada a partir da Teoria da Aprendizagem Transformativa, que tem como elementos centrais: a experiência individual, a reflexão crítica, o diálogo, a orientação holística, a consciência do contexto e a prática autêntica. Como método estratégico de desenvolvimento optou- se pelo Círculo Epistemológico, sendo desenvolvido em três fases: 1a ) Investigação: realizada por meio de Grupos Focais para a identificação da percepção dos trabalhadores sobre seus riscos ocupacionais, acidentes mais frequentes e necessidades de aprendizado em relação a Primeiros Socorros; 2a ) Tematização: em que foi desenvolvida e implementada a capacitação em Suporte Básico de Vida; e 3a ) Proposição: na qual buscou-se as impressões dos participantes sobre a capacitação realizada e sinais da busca pela transformação do contexto vivido por meio da técnica do Círculo de Cultura. Participaram da capacitação 54 trabalhadores, os quais fazem parte da Brigada de Incêndio e são locados em diversos setores da empresa. Como resultados, obteve-se na 1a etapa as seguintes categorias: riscos, acidentes, melhorias na segurança, dificuldades e necessidades de capacitação em primeiros socorros. Os trabalhadores relataram a necessidade de capacitação relacionada ao atendimento a vítimas de Parada Cardiorrespiratória e, devido à importância deste tema, o mesmo foi priorizado na 2a etapa. Assim, a 2a etapa foi realizada com o tema "Suporte Básico de Vida - Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar e uso do Desfibrilador Externo Automático". A capacitação, com carga horária de oito horas, contou com a participação intensa dos educandos, tendo sido utilizadas dinâmicas de grupo, práticas com manequins e estudos de casos. A 3a etapa aconteceu logo após o curso, dentro das oito horas, e os discursos foram categorizados da seguinte forma: a estratégia metodológica - percepção dos educandos, o que muda para os pesquisandos a partir desta capacitação e atitudes práticas que podem ser tomadas a partir desta capacitação. Este estudo mostrou que o diálogo e a reflexão crítica, num processo participativo de capacitação, podem facilitar mudanças de comportamento capazes de transformar a realidade do trabalho. Os trabalhadores referiram sentir-se mais seguros após a realização das práticas e das discussões grupais e relataram soluções viáveis e compatíveis com o seus contextos de vida e de trabalho. A percepção dos trabalhadores retrata que a aprendizagem transformativa pode provocar mudanças no comportamento individual e coletivo no contexto do trabalho, incluindo atitudes críticas e reflexivas em um sistema de referência mais amplo. Portanto, a aplicação dos conceitos da Teoria da Aprendizagem Transformativa em capacitações de trabalhadores pode contribuir para a transformação das práticas de trabalho

This study identified the perception of workers about occupational risks, experiences with accidents in the work environment and the need for habilitation in First Aid and, therefore, to develop, implement and evaluate a habilitation strategy for brigade workers in a metallurgy industry in the State of Minas Gerais. This is a structured qualitative research based on the Transformative Learning Theory, which has as central elements: individual experience, critical reflection, dialog, holistic orientation, context awareness and authentic experience. The Epistemological Circle was adopted and was developed in three stages: 1st) Investigation: done through Focus Groups for the identification of worker's perception about occupational risks, most frequent accidents, difficulties as brigade member and their learning needs on First Aid; 2nd) Thematization: in which habilitation in Basic Life Support was developed and implemented; and 3rd) Proposal: where participants' impressions about the concluded habilitation. Fifty four workers took part in the course, all of them belonged to the Fire Brigade and were located in several sectors of the company. The main results obtained in the first stage, fell in the following categories: risks, accidents, improvements in security, difficulties and needs for habilitation in first aid. The workers reported the need for greater habilitation on emergency service for victims with cardiopulmonary arrest and, due to its importance, it was selected for the 2nd stage. Thus, this stage was done with the theme "Basic Life Support - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and the use of an automated external defibrillator". Habilitation, with a class load of eight hours, had intense participation of the workers, and group dynamics, practices with dummies and case studies were used. The 3rd stage was done immediately after the course, with the eight hours, and the discoursed were divided into the following categories: methodological strategy - perception by the participants, what changes for them after the habilitation and the practices that can be done afterwards. This study demonstrated that dialog and the critical reflection, in a participative habilitation process can enable behavior changes capable of transforming the work environment. The workers stated that they felt more secure after the practices and group discussions, and reported viable and compatible solutions with their life and work contexts. The workers perception portraits that transformative learning can bring changes in individual and collective behavior in the work context, including critical and reflexive attitudes in a broader reference system. Therefore, the application of concepts from Transformative Learning Theory in worker habilitation can contribute for the transformation of their work practices

Supplementation with selenium can influence nausea, fatigue, physical, renal, and liver function of children and adolescents with cancer.

The drugs used in chemotherapy treatments have little specificity, attack tumor cells, and also injure proliferative tissues. Knowledge of the functions of micronutrients has greatly increased, especially of Selenium (Se) that presents immunomodulatory and antitumor functions. The present study evaluated the health-related quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy for the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas (LL) and solid tumors (ST) while receiving Selenium (Se) supplementation. This is a randomized, double-blind, crossover study that evaluated the quality of life (EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire), renal and liver functions of patients supplemented with Se. There was no statistically significant alteration in LL patients. However, the fatigue and nausea scores after 30 days did decrease in this group as well as in the ST group. After 1 year supplementation with Selenium, a more noticeable decrease in the scores concerning fatigue and nausea could be observed in the ST group, when compared with the beginning of the study. The LL patients also presented a decrease in the fatigue scores and physical functions. The kidney function as well as liver function has improved after Selenium supplementation when compared with the placebo intake in LL and ST patients, more remarkably in the LL group. Supplementation with Selenium promotes the reduction of chemotherapy side effects in cancer patients, especially by improving the conditions of patients with fatigue, nausea, and impaired physical function. Renal and liver functions have also improved.

[Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis]. / Prise en charge chirurgicale de la rectocolite hémorragique.

Surgery for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases is an option when medication-based treatment fails. Sometimes complex and carried out in several stages, the procedures require the nurses to be involved in the education of the patient, monitoring prevention and identification of complications.

Adesão ao tratamento para hipertensão em uma unidade Básica de Saúde do Ceará / Adherence to treatment for hypertension in a Basic Health Unit of Ceará

Estudos referem que o Acompanhamento Farmacoterapêutico (AFT) otimiza a farmacoterapia dos pacientes hipertensos, por estes serem polimedicados e apresentarem problemas de adesão ao tratamento. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência do AFT sobre a adesão dos pacientes ao tratamento da hipertensão em uma Unidade de Cuidados Farmacêuticos situada em uma unidade básica de saúde de Fortaleza, Ceará. Pacientes foram monitorados durante seis meses, usando-se o método Dáder. Os Problemas Relacionados com Medicamentos (PRM) foram classificados conforme o 2º Consenso de Granada. Para a avaliação da adesão, utilizou-se o Teste de Morisky-Green (questionário específico) e valores da pressão arterial (PA). Os dados foram analisados nos programas Epi Info e Sigma Plot. Dos 23 pacientes acompanhados, 70% (n=16) eram do sexo feminino, com idade > 60 anos, baixa escolaridade, renda de 1 ­ 2 salários mínimos. No final do AFT, 65,2% (n = 15) foram classificados como "pouco aderente" por ainda descuidarem do horário de tomada do medicamento; mas o número de pacientes que se esquecia de administrar os medicamentos diariamente diminuiu significantemente (p < 0,05). Foram registrados 60 PRM, dos quais 71,7% (n=43) foram reais, destacando-se os PRM 01 (35%; n=21; categoria: necessidade) e PRM 04 (26,6%; n=16; categoria: efetividade). Realizaram-se 53 intervenções farmacêuticas. Inicialmente, 52,18% (n=12) dos pacientes apresentaram PA≥140/90mmHg; após as intervenções, o número de pacientes com PA descontrolada teve redução estatisticamente significante. Nossos achados sugerem que o AFT pode ser eficaz na promoção da adesão do paciente hipertenso ao tratamento em nível de atenção primária

Studies reveal that pharmacotherapeutic follow-up (PF) optimizes the pharmacotherapy of hypertensive patients, since they are polymedicated and have problems with adherence to treatment.The study aimed to evaluate the influence of the PF of patients on adherence to treatment of hypertension in a Pharmaceutical Care Service placed in primary health care unit of Fortaleza, Ceará.Patients were monitored during six months, using the Dáder method. Drug related problems (DRP) were classified according to 2nd Consensus of Granada. For adherence evaluation, the Morisky-Green test (specific questionnaire) and values of blood pressure (BP) were used. Data were analyzed using the Epi Info and Sigma Plot. Of the 23 patients followed-up, 70% (n = 16) were female, with age>60 years old, low schooling and individual income of 1 ­ 2 minimum wages. At the end of the PF, 65.2% (n=15) were classified as "little adherent" due to still neglect the time of medication intake; but the number of patients who forgot to take the drugs every day decreased significantly (p<0,05). Of60 DRP recorded, 71.7% (n = 43) were actual, especially the PRM 01 (35%, n = 21; category: needs) and PRM 04 (26.6%, n = 16; category: effectiveness). At baseline, 52.18% (n = 12) of the patients were monitored with BP ≥140/90mmHg and, after interventions, this number had a statistically significant reduction. Our findings suggest that the PF can be effective inpromoting adherence to treatment of hypertension patientsin primary care level.