Biomorphometry of Automeris liberia Cramer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in oil palm in the Amazon / Biomorfometria de Automeris liberia Cramer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) em palma de óleo, Amazônia Oriental

Automeris liberia Cramer are found in South America, with documented sightings in Ecuador, Peru, some regions of Mexico and, more recently, the Brazilian Amazon. These moths cause damage to several plant species. We designed an experiment to study the biology and morphometry of A. liberia in the laboratory and provide information for the management of the pest in oil palm cultivation in the Brazilian Amazon. Caterpillars for rearing were collected from commercial areas of oil palm cultivation, where they cause defoliation of the plant. They were fed a natural diet of oil palm leaves of the Tenera variety and observed from second generation onwards. Sex, behavior, posture, mass, body length, wingspan, body diameter, sex ratio, average growth ratio, and antenna were quantified. The embryonic stage lasted 14 days, followed by seven larval instar stages over 36 days. The pupal stage lasted 21 days. Adults had a longevity of 4.5 and 6 days and a total biological cycle of 78.5 and 80 days, for males and females, respectively. The growth ratio was 1.49. The antennae showed sexual dimorphism, with bipectinate morphology in males and filiform in females. In the adult stage, morphological variables were evaluated (body length, thoracic diameter, wingspan, forewing length, forewing height, hindwing length, hindwing height, antenna length, number of antennomeres, and body mass), and they showed significant differences between males and females (Newman-Keuls test, P < 0.05).(AU)

A espécie Automeris liberia Cramer tem ocorrência na América do Sul, com registro no Equador, Peru, algumas regiões no México e, mais recentemente, na Amazônia brasileira, causando danos a várias espécies de plantas. Objetivou-se estudar pioneiramente a biologia e a morfometria de A. liberia em laboratório, visando subsidiar informações para o manejo da praga na cultura da palma de óleo, na Amazônia brasileira. A criação, foi oriunda de lagartas coletadas em áreas comerciais de palma de óleo, onde as quais estavam causando desfolhamentos. Foram alimentadas com dieta natural a base de folhas de palma de óleo da var. Tenera. As observações foram iniciadas a partir da segunda geração. Foram avaliados sexagem, comportamento, posturas, massa, comprimento, envergadura, diâmetro do corpo, razão sexual, razão da média de crescimento e antena. O estágio embrionário durou 14 dias e o larval apresentou sete instares em 36 dias. O estágio pupal foi de 21 dias. Os adultos apresentaram longevidade de 4,5 e 6 dias e ciclo biológico total de 78,5 e 80 dias, para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente. A razão de crescimento foi de 1,49. As antenas apresentaram dimorfismo sexual, sendo do macho tipo bipectinada e da fêmea filiforme. Na fase adulta foram avaliadas variáveis morfológicas (comprimento do corpo, diâmetro do tórax, envergadura, comprimento da asa anterior, altura da asa anterior, comprimento da asa posterior, altura da asa posterior, comprimento da antena, número de antenômeros e massa corpórea) entre machos e fêmeas, as quais apresentaram diferença estatística pelo teste Newman-Keuls (P < 0,05).(AU)

Evaluation of pain threshold upon palpation of the masticatory muscles in women with temporomandibular disorder according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria of Temporomandibular Disorders / Avaliação do limiar de dor a palpação dos músculos mastigatórios em mulheres com disfunção temporomandibular de acordo com o Research Diagnostic Criteria of Temporomandibular Disorders

ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the pain threshold upon palpation of the masticatory muscles in women with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria of Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted involving the evaluation of pain threshold upon palpation of the extraoral muscles (temporal, masseter, posterior mandibular region, submandibular region) and intraoral muscles (lateral pterygoid area and temporal tendon) in women using the RDC/TMD clinical examination. Results: 60 women were evaluated. Statistically significant differences were found among the muscles evaluated regarding the pain threshold. The lateral pterygoid area, bilaterally, had the lowest pain threshold, followed by the masseter and temporal muscles. Conclusion: this study suggests that the lateral pterygoid muscle, bilaterally, has the lowest pain threshold upon palpation among the masticatory muscles, followed by masseter and temporal muscles, in women with TMD, according to the RDC/TMD evaluation.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o limiar de dor a palpação dos músculos mastigatórios em mulheres com Disfunção Temporomandibular de acordo com o questionário do Research Diagnostic Criteria of Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Métodos: realizou-se um estudo transversal utilizando a avaliação do limiar de dor a palpação dos músculos mastigatórios extraorais (temporal, masseter, região mandibular posterior, região submandibular) e intraorais (área do pterigoideo lateral e tendão do temporal), em mulheres, segundo o exame clínico do RDC/TMD. Resultados: foram avaliadas 60 mulheres, foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante para o limiar de dor a palpação entre os músculos avaliados segundo o RDC/TMD. Com destaque para a área do pterigoideo lateral, bilateralmente, seguido pelos músculos masseter e temporal. Conclusão: esse estudo sugere que a área do músculo pterigoideo lateral, bilateralmente, apresenta menor limiar de dor a palpação entre os músculos mastigatórios, seguido pelos músculos masseter e temporal segundo RDC/TMD.

Immediate and short-term effects of phototherapy on pain, muscle activity, and joint mobility in women with temporomandibular disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immediate and short-term effects of phototherapy on pain intensity, the pressure pain threshold (PPT), maximum vertical mandibular movement, and the electrical activity of the masseter and temporal muscles in women with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). METHODS: Sixty women were randomly allocated to four different groups and submitted to phototherapy with a combination of super-pulsed laser (905 nm), red (640 nm), and infrared (875 nm) light emitting diodes in the same equipment on the masseter (three points) and temporal (two points) muscles bilaterally in a single session. The following doses were used in each point of application: Group 1 - 2.62 J; Group 2 - 5.24 J; Group 3 - 7.86 J; placebo group. Pain intensity was determined using the visual analog scale. The PPT was analyzed using a digital algometer. Vertical mandibular movement was measured using digital calipers. Myoelectrical activity of the masseter and temporal muscles was measured using electromyography. Four evaluations were performed: pre-intervention, immediately after, 24 and 48 hours after phototherapy. OUTCOMES: A significant reduction in pain intensity during the post-treatment evaluations in comparison to the pretreatment evaluation was observed in group 1 (Median difference = 2.60 [95% CI = 1.35-3.85]) and group 2 (Median difference = 2.2 [95% CI = 0.98-3.42]) especially after 48 hours and group 3 (Median difference = 2.50 [95% CI: 0.56-4.46]) especially after 24 hours, with a moderate effect size, but no effect was found regarding the other variables. CONCLUSIONS: A single session of combined phototherapy was capable of reducing pain intensity in individuals patients with TMD. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02018770). Implications for Rehabilitation Phototherapy device combining two light sources (LED and laser), and different densities in the same device is a novelty in the rehabilitation market, and has proved to be a useful intervention for people with temporomandibular disorders. This mode of phototherapy is another option that assists in the rapid intervention in pain symptoms, promoting a considerable degree of comfort to the patient moments after its application.

Systematic review of the measurement properties of instruments utilized to diagnose Temporomandibular Disorders according to the COSMIN checklist

Introduction: Most of the instruments used in Brazil to diagnose Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) were developed in another Language. To effectively use instruments that were created in another language, it must be translated into the relevant target language before cross-cultural adaptation. Clinimetric tests should also be performed. Measurement properties consist of quality criteria related to evaluation instruments. These criteria are necessary to determine the quality of the instruments used in Brazil. Objectives: The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the quality of the measurement properties of instruments utilized to diagnose TMD. Methods: Systematic searches were performed of the PUBMED, SCIELO, LILACS and SCIENCE DIRECT databases. Studies addressing questionnaires translated and cross-culturally adapted for use in Brazil were retrieved and the quality of the measurement properties was analyzed using the COSMIN checklist. Results: In the 11 eligible articles, 10 instruments were identified. The studies were evaluated based on their analysis of structural validity, internal consistency, reproducibility (concordance and reliability), responsiveness, ceiling effect and floor effect. None the assessment tools had all its measurement properties tested. Conclusion: The measurement properties of the instruments were not completely tested. Thus, care must be taken when interpreting the scores of these questionnaires (AU).

Reversal of fluconazole resistance induced by a synergistic effect with Acca sellowiana in Candida glabrata strains.

CONTEXT: The increased incidence of non-albicans Candida (NAC) resistant to fluconazole (FLZ) makes it necessary to use new therapeutic alternatives. Acca sellowiana (O.berg) Burret (Myrtaceae) is a guava with several proven biological activities. The interaction with fluconazole can be a feasible alternative to overcome this resistance. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the in vitro antifungal activity of fractions obtained from the lyophilized aqueous extract of the leaves of A. sellowiana against resistant strains of NAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antifungal activity of the fractions was evaluated at 500 µg/mL by microdilution method. Checkerboard assay was performed to determine the effect of the combination of the F2 fraction and antifungal at concentrations: MIC/4, MIC/2, MIC, MIC × 2 and MIC × 4. RESULTS: Candida glabrata showed the lowest MIC values (500-3.90 µg/mL) and the F2 active fraction was the most effective. The association of F2 with FLZ showed a strong synergistic effect (FICI ≤ 0.5) against 100% of C. glabrata resistant isolates. Moreover, the F2 active fraction has demonstrated that probably acts in the cell wall of these yeasts. There was no observed acute dermal toxicity of lyophilized aqueous extract of leaves of A. sellowiana on pig ear skin cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The interaction between substances present in the F2 active fraction is possibly responsible for the antifungal activity presented by this fraction. This study is unprecedented and suggests that the combination of F2 active fraction and FLZ might be used as an alternative treatment for mucocutaneus infections caused by C. glabrata resistant.

Efeitos do hiperboloide masticator apparatus na desordem temporomandibular ­ estudo de caso / Effects of hyperboloid masticator apparatus in temporomandibular disorder ­ case study

Introdução: A disfunção temporomandibular caracteriza-se por um conjunto de alterações clínicas envolvendo os músculos mastigatórios, a articulação temporomandibular e outras estruturas associadas. Objetivo: A estimulação proprioceptiva condicionada pelo uso do hiperboloide diminui o quadro álgico e aumenta a amplitude do movimento mandibular. Métodos: Apresentamos o caso de uma jovem de 22 anos com diagnostico de Disfunção temporomandibular, que recebeu o tratamento fisioterapêutico utilizando hiperboloide mastigador apparatus 3 vezes por semana durante 8 semanas sendo realizadas duas avaliações específicas: extensão vertical do movimento mandibular e mensuração do limiar de dor por pressão sobre o músculo masseter, pré atendimento, pós imediato e pós tratamento. Resultados: Observou-se aumento expressivo na abertura mandibular e no aumento de limiar de dor. Conclusão: O uso do hiperboloide levou a um aumento mobilidade mandibular e diminuição de dores nos músculos masseteres e consequente melhora na mastigação.

Introduction: temporomandibular dysfunction is characterized by a set of clinical changes involving the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint and other associated structures. Goal: proprioceptive stimulation conditioned by the use of the hyperboloid influences on pain and mandibular movement pattern. Methods: we present the case of a young man of 22 years with diagnosis of temporomandibular joint Dysfunction, which received physiotherapy treatment using hyperboloid Cruncher apparatus 3 times per week for 8 weeks being held two specific reviews: vertical extension of the mandibular movement and measurement of pressure pain threshold on the masseter muscle, pre care, immediate post and post treatment. Results: it was observed significant increase in mandibular opening and increased pain threshold. Conclusion: the use of hyperboloid has led to an increase in mandibular mobility and decrease of myalgia masseteres and consequent improvement in chewing.

Analysis of laser therapy and assessment methods in the rehabilitation of temporomandibular disorder: a systematic review of the literature.

The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the effects of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of TMD, and to analyze the use of different assessment tools. [Subjects and Methods] Searches were carried out of the BIREME, MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO electronic databases by two independent researchers for papers published in English and Portuguese using the terms: "temporomandibular joint laser therapy" and "TMJ laser treatment". [Results] Following the application of the eligibility criteria, 11 papers were selected for in-depth analysis. The papers analyzed exhibited considerable methodological differences, especially with regard to the number of sessions, anatomic site and duration of low-level laser therapy irradiation, as well as irradiation parameters, diagnostic criteria and assessment tools. [Conclusion] Further studies are needed, especially randomized clinical trials, to establish the exact dose and ideal parameters for low-level laser therapy and define the best assessment tools in this promising field of research that may benefit individuals with signs and symptoms of TMD.

Effects of phototherapy on muscle activity and pain in individuals with temporomandibular disorder: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: According to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), the term temporomandibular disorder (TMD) regards a subgroup of orofacial pain, the symptoms of which include pain or discomfort in the temporomandibular joint, ears, masticatory muscles and neck on one or both sides, as well as joint sounds, limited mandibular movements or mandibular deviation and difficulties chewing. Phototherapy, such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light-emitting diode (LED) therapy, is one of the resources used to treatment muscle pain. Thus, there is a need to investigate therapeutic resources that combine different wavelengths as well as different light sources (LLLT and LED) in the same apparatus. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the effects of four different doses of phototherapy on pain, activity of the masticatory muscles (masseter and bilateral anterior temporal) and joint mobility in individuals with temporomandibular disorder. A further aim is to determine the cumulative effect 24 and 48 hours after a single session. METHODS/DESIGN: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, clinical trial will be carried out involving 72 women between 18 and 40 years of age with a diagnosis of myogenous TMD. The participants will then be randomly allocated to four groups totaling 18 individuals per group. Three groups will be submitted to a single session of phototherapy with different light sources, and one group will receive placebo therapy: Group A (2.62 Joules); Group B (5.24 Joules); Group C (7.86 Joules); and Group D (0 Joules). The following assessment tools will be administered on four separate occasions (baseline and immediately after, 24 h after and 48 h after phototherapy). Pain intensity will be assessed using the visual analog scale for pain, while pain thresholds will be determined using algometer, and electromyographic (EMG) analysis on the masseter and anterior temporal muscles. DISCUSSION: The study will contribute to the practice of the evidence-based use of phototherapy in individuals with a myogenous TMD. Data will be published after the study is completed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, NCT02018770, date of registration: 7 December 2013.

Indicadores de avaliação do cuidado individual: subsídios para a formação médica orientada por competência / Evaluative indicators of individual care: subsidies for competence-guided medical training

No processo de formação dos profissionais da área da saúde, as DCN orientam a organização de um modelo curricular pautado no desenvolvimento de competência profissional. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido por meio de conferência de consenso, com o objetivo de elaborar indicadores para avaliar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem na área de cuidado individual. Uma matriz foi organizada com base nos desempenhos contidos nos manuais de cada série e formatos de avaliação. Em seguida, os avaliadores analisaram esta matriz e a discutiram na conferência de consenso, para a consolidação dos indicadores. A análise dos resultados permitiu olhar para as ações desenvolvidas no curso a partir da compreensão de que, durante essas atividades, os estudantes têm a oportunidade de realizar o cuidado na perspectiva da integralidade, como preconizado no Sistema Único de Saúde e nas DCN. Dessa maneira, foram construídos indicadores relacionados a história clínica, exame físico e raciocínio clínico para o monitoramento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. No contexto do currículo orientado por competência, esses indicadores podem nortear o processo de planejamento educacional, bem como permitir a participação ativa e a corresponsabilidade dos envolvidos para o alcance de uma aprendizagem significativa, que permita ao futuro profissional a realização de um cuidado qualificado em saúde.

The National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG) recommend a professional competence-based curricular model for health care undergraduate education. A descriptive study with a qualitative approach was conducted through the use of a consensus conference to develop evaluative indicators of the teaching and learning process in the area of individual care. A matrix was organized based on performances obtained from manuals of each year of study and formats of evaluation. The evaluators then analyzed the matrix and discussed it in the consensus conference in order to consolidate the indicators. The analyzed results allowed the activities of the course to be considered based on the understanding that these actions offer students the opportunity to fulfill the comprehensive health care as recommended by the NCG and the Unified Health System. Therefore indicators were constructed related to clinical history, physical examination and clinical reasoning for monitoring the teaching and learning process. In the context of a competence-guided curriculum, these indicators can guide the educational planning, as well as enable active participation and co-responsibility of those involved in order to achieve meaningful learning that will allow the future professional to ensure qualified health care.

Effect of mandibular mobilization on electromyographic signals in muscles of mastication and static balance in individuals with temporomandibular disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The stomatognathic system and dysfunction in this system may be related to postural control. The proposal of the present study is to assess the effect of mandibular mobilization in individuals with temporomandibular disorder using surface electromyography of the muscles of mastication and stabilometric variables. METHODS/DESIGN: A randomized, controlled, blind, clinical trial will be carried out, with the participants divided into three groups: 1) facial massage therapy (control group), 2) nonspecific mandibular mobilization and 3) specific mandibular mobilization. All groups will be assessed before and after treatment using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, surface electromyography of the masseter and temporal muscles and stabilometry. This study is registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR9x8ssz). DISCUSSION: A large number of studies have employed surface electromyography to investigate the function/dysfunction of the muscles of mastication and associations with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. However, it has not yet been determined whether stabilometric variables offer adequate reliability in patients with this disorder. The results of the proposed study will help determine whether specific and/or nonspecific mandibular mobilization exerts an effect on the muscles of mastication and postural control. Moreover, if an effect is detected, the methodology defined in the proposed study will allow identifying whether the effect is local (found only in the muscles of mastication), global (found only in postural control) or generalized.

Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: the portuguese version / Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: versão portuguesa

BACKGROUND: The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale is one of the most world widely used measures of perfectionism. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. METHODS: Two hundred and seventeen (178 females) students from two Portuguese Universities filled in the scale, and a subgroup (n = 166) completed a retest with a four weeks interval. RESULTS: The scale reliability was good (Cronbach alpha = .857). Corrected item-total correlations ranged from .019 to .548. The scale test-retest reliability suggested a good temporal stability with a test-retest correlation of .765. A principal component analysis with Varimax rotation was performed and based on the Scree plot, two robust factorial structures were found (four and six factors). The principal component analyses, using Monte Carlo PCA for parallel analyses confirmed the six factor solution. The concurrent validity with Hewitt and Flett MPS was high, as well as the discriminant validity of positive and negative affect (Profile of Mood Stats-POMS). DISCUSSION: The two factorial structures (of four and six dimensions) of the Portuguese version of Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale replicate the results from different authors, with different samples and cultures. This suggests this scale is a robust instrument to assess perfectionism, in several clinical and research settings as well as in transcultural studies.

CONTEXTO: A Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo de Frost (FMPS) é uma das escalas mais usadas em todo o mundo para avaliar o perfeccionismo. OBJETIVO: Analisar as características psicométricas da versão portuguesa da FMPS. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por 217 estudantes do ensino superior (178 mulheres). Um subgrupo (n = 166) completou o reteste após quatro semanas. RESULTADOS: A consistência interna da escala mostrou ser elevada (alfa de Cronbach = ,857). As correlações item-total corrigido variaram entre ,019 e ,548. Os resultados também sugeriram uma boa estabilidade temporal da escala, sendo a correlação teste-reteste de ,765. Foi realizada a análise das componentes principais com rotação Varimax e com base no Scree plot foram extraídas duas soluções fatoriais robustas (quatro e seis fatores). A análise paralela (Monte Carlo PCA) confirmou a solução de seis fatores. A validade concorrente com a escala MPS de Hewitt e Flett foi elevada, assim como a sua capacidade discriminante dos afetos positivos e negativos (Perfil de Estados de Humor - POMS). CONCLUSÃO: As duas estruturas fatoriais (quatro e seis fatores) encontradas na versão portuguesa da Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo de Frost replicam os resultados obtidos por diferentes autores, em diferentes amostras e culturas. Esse fato sugere que essa escala é um instrumento robusto para a avaliação do perfeccionismo em vários contextos, clínicos e de investigação, bem como em estudos transculturais.

Análise comparativa entre dois ângulos cervicais com a oclusão em crianças com e sem DTM / Comparative analysis between two cervical angles with occlusion in children with and without TMD

OBJETIVO: comparar dois ângulos cervicais com as classificações oclusais em crianças de 6 a 10 anos com e sem Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM),identificar se há prevalência de DTM quanto ao gênero, e se há influencia da oclusão sobre os ângulos estudados. MÉTODO: realizou-se um estudo observacional transversal com 91 crianças de ambos os gêneros de uma Instituição de Ensino privado, dispostas em Grupo A (sem DTM) e Grupo B (com DTM). Todas as crianças foram avaliadas seguindo uma ficha cadastral constituída de dados referentes a sexo, idade, peso, altura e exame clínico intra-oral para classificação oclusal de Angle. O diagnóstico e a severidade da DTM, foram verificados pelo questionário proposto por Fonseca. Para avaliação dos ângulos cervicais (A1 e A2) foi utilizada a fotogrametria e o Software Alcimagem®. RESULTADOS: entre as crianças avaliadas, 52 (57,14%) apresentaram maloclusão, sendo 29 com DTM e 23 sem DTM, 39 (42,85%) apresentaram normoclusão, sendo 18 sem DTM e 21 com DTM. Quando comparados os ângulos (A1 e A2) a classe oclusal, foi encontrada diferença significante entre as crianças normoclusivas e maloclusivas com o ângulo A1 (p=0,04). CONCLUSÃO: esse estudo demonstrou que o ângulo A1 (C7, ATM e Ápice do Mento) foi estatisticamente significante quando associado com a condição oclusal. Não foi encontrado associação, na população estudada, entre ângulo cervical e DTM. Além disso, também foi possível observar que, a prevalência de crianças do gênero feminino com DTM é significantemente maior que a do gênero masculino. Esse estudo demonstrou que a maloclusão pode alterar somente o ângulo A1 e que a DTM não interfere nos ângulos cervicais estudados.

PURPOSE: to compare two cervical angles with occlusal classifications in children between 6 and 10 years old with and without Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD), to identify if there is a prevalence of TMD according to gender, and if there is influence of occlusion on the studied angles. METHOD: it was conducted a cross sectional observational study with 91 children of both gender in Group A (without TMD) and Group B (TMD). All children were evaluated following a registration form consisted of sex, age, weight, height data and intra-oral clinical examination for occlusal classification of Angle. The diagnosis and severity of TMD were scanned by the questionnaire proposed by Fonseca. For the cervical angles evaluation (A1 and A2) it was used the photogrammetry and the Alcimagem® software. RESULTS: among the evaluated children, 52 (57.14%) presented malocclusion, 29 with TMD and 23 without TMD. 39 (42,85%) presented normal occlusion, 18 without TMD and 21 with TMD. When the angles were compared, it was found a difference between normal occlusion and malocclusion children with the angle A1 (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: this study demonstrated that the angle A1 (C7, TMJ and Mentum Vertex) was statistically significant when associated to the occlusal condition. No association was found in the evaluated population, between TMD and cervical angle. Besides, it was also observed that the prevalence of female children with TMD is significantly larger than the male. This study demonstrated that malocclusion can change only the angle A1 and the TMD does not interfere with the studied cervical angles.

Incidência de constipação intestinal em estudantes de nível superior do sexo feminino / Incidence of intestinal constipation in female college students

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a incidência e as características da constipação intestinal em estudantes universitárias. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa descritiva com 104 estudantes do sexo feminino do Curso de Fisioterapia da UNIFRA, Santa Maria/RS.Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário de Roma III; uma ficha de avaliação e a escala de Bristol, respondidos pelas acadêmicas do curso de Fisioterapia. A incidência de constipação intestinal foide 59,62% para os critérios de Roma III. Observou-se relevância nas questões referentes ao esforço evacuatório, sensação de esvaziamento incompleto e utilização de manobras manuais, questões específicado questionário de Roma III. A sintomatologia mais referida foi a flatulência abdominal, com 49,04% da amostra. Se não tratada, a constipação pode desencadear patologias pélvicas como prolapsos e incontinências. Por isso, sugere-se a implantação do autocuidado para os futuros profissionais dos cursos de fisioterapia.

This research aimed to evaluate the incidence and the characteristics of intestinal constipation in college students. A descriptive research was developed with 104 female students of the Physical Therapy Course at UNIFRA, Santa Maria/RS. The instruments used for this research were the Rome III questionnaire, an evaluation form, and the Bristol scale, answered by the Physical Therapy students. The incidence of intestinal constipation was of 59.62% for theRome III criteria. It was observed relevance in the questions referring to the defecation effort, sensation of incomplete emptying and use of manual maneuvers, which are specific questions of the Rome III questionnaire. The most reported symptoms were abdominal flatulence, with 49.04% of the sample. If not treated, constipationmay trigger pelvic pathologies as prolapses and incontinences. For this, it is suggested the implantation of self caring for the future professionals of Physical Therapy courses.

Dados preliminares de um modelo de programa de doação de corpos: programa de doação de corpos da UFCSPA / Preliminary data from the body donation program of UFCSPA

Introdução: As universidades brasileiras enfrentam dificuldades na obtenção do número adequado de corpos para oferecer ensino de qualidade e pesquisa. Em virtude disso, elaboramos um Programa de Doação de Corpos. O objetivo é avaliar a resposta ao programa proposto após seu primeiro ano de implantação. Métodos: Observadas as exigências éticas e legais, o Programa foi elaborado e implementado. Os dados dos doadores foram armazenados em banco de dados digital e a análise realizada sobre o número de doações e perfil sociocultural dos doadores. Resultados: O número de doações em vida por ano aumentou 8,9 vezes, quando comparado ao período prévio ao Programa. Entre os doadores, 59,78% se declararam católicos; 19,56% declararam não possuir religião; 13,04% pertenciam a outras religiões cristãs e 6,6% eram evangélicos. Em relação ao grau de instrução, 53,5% concluíram o ensino superior; 40% possuíam ensino médio e 6,6% alfabetizados. Conclusão: O Programa mostrou-se inicialmente bem-sucedido, devido ao expressivo aumento no número de doações em vida. Os maiores benefícios são o acesso à informação para aqueles que demonstram interesse de doar, além do ganho em qualidade de ensino para a instituição.

Introduction: The Brazilian universities face difficulties in obtaining an adequate number of bodies to provide quality education and research. As a result, we have developed a Body Donation Program. The aim here is to evaluate the response to the proposed program after its first year of implementation. Methods: The program was developed and implemented in compliance with the ethical and legal requirements. The data of the donors were stored in a digital database and an analysis of the number of donations and social and cultural profile of the donors was performed. Results: The number of living donations per year increased 8.9 times compared to the previous period without the program. Among the donors 59.78% declared themselves Catholic, 19.56% reported having no religion, 13.04% belonged to other religions, and 6.6% were Christian evangelicals. Regarding schooling 53.5% completed tertiary education, 40% had secondary education, and 6.6% were just literate. Conclusion: The program was initially successful due to the significant increase in donations in life. The greatest benefits are access to information for those who are willing to donate and the gain in quality of education for the institution.

Seasonal variations in the biochemical composition and reproductive cycle of the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787) in Southern Brazil.

The ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata, is found on sandy beaches from the United States to Southern Brazil. Because there is still little information about the metabolism and reproduction of O. quadrata on the southern coast of Brazil, the objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the effect of seasonal variations on the carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism of O. quadrata at Rondinha Beach, a beach with high anthropogenic activity, and to compare it with data from Siriú Beach, which has less human activity; and (ii) describe the effect of seasonal variations on the histological characteristics of male and female gonads, in order to assess the reproductive capacity of the crabs. The gonads of male crabs showed no significant variations in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and glycogen levels; however, histological analysis of the testes revealed that they are mature in the summer. In females, the GSI and glycogen values are higher in summer, concomitantly with the presence of mature oocytes. These results suggest that the reproductive peak of O. quadrata occurs in summer. The seasonal analysis of the biochemical parameters, as well as comparison with Siriú Beach, demonstrated that the ghost crabs of Rondinha Beach have a different pattern of metabolism than those of Siriú. This difference may be a consequence of differences in the environmental conditions as well as in the anthropogenic pressures, such as vehicle traffic and the increase in human population at the beach in summer.

Drug/nutrition interaction in the developing brain: dipyrone enhances spreading depression in rats.

The abuse of pharmaceutical drugs and the inadequate ingestion of nutrients constitute external factors that can alter brain development, both individually and in combination. We used cortical spreading depression (CSD) as a neurophysiological parameter to investigate the combined effects of the antipyretic/analgesic/anti-inflammatory drug dipyrone and malnutrition (M) in the developing rat brain. Suckling malnourished rats (M; n=69) and well nourished controls (W; n=76) received dipyrone (300 mg/kg/day) or saline per gavage for 7 consecutive days during the 2nd, 3rd, or 4th postnatal week. At 35-45 days, CSD was recorded at 2 points in the parietal region. In both groups, dipyrone increased CSD propagation velocities compared to respective saline controls (P<0.05). This effect was intensified when dipyrone application during the 4th postnatal week intensified the increase compared to the 2nd and 3rd weeks. In saline-treated groups, the velocities (mean+/-s.d., in mm/min) were 3.70+/-0.11, 3.77+/-0.16, and 3.78+/-0.13 (W) and 4.13+/-0.10, 4.16+/-0.10, and 4.14+/-0.09 (M), for animals treated in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th postnatal weeks. In dipyrone-treated groups, the respective values were 3.99+/-0.14, 4.03+/-0.16, and 4.30+/-0.19 (W) and 4.47+/-0.17, 4.70+/-0.31, and 5.01+/-0.28 (M). Results support the hypothesis that dipyrone has a CSD-facilitating effect, which is more intense at a late brain developmental stage and is facilitated by malnutrition. This may help explain the developmental brain excitability changes that are associated with pharmacological and nutritional factors.

Seasonal variation of energy metabolism in ghost crab Ocypode quadrata at Siriú Beach (Brazil).

The aim of this study was to analyze the seasonal variations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787) on a sandy beach in the southern region of Brazil. Crabs and hemolymph samples were collected monthly in the field. Hepatopancreas, gills, gonads and claw muscles were used for glycogen determination. In males, blood glucose levels increased in the summer and in the winter. The glycogen values increased significantly in the hepatopancreas in the winter, but remained constant in the muscle, gonads and gills. In females, hemolymph glucose levels, glycogen values in the hepatopancreas and in the gills remained constant throughout the year; however, muscular glycogen increased in the spring and gonad glycogen decreased in the summer. Hemolymph triglyceride levels of males and females and total cholesterol of males decreased significantly in the spring. In females, a significant increase of total cholesterol levels was found in the winter. The findings suggest that in O. quadrata lipids seem to be an important reserve of energy used during reproduction, both in males and females, while glycogen may be used during periods of intense activity or fasting.