Lessons learnt from the process of designing care coordination interventions through participatory action research in public healthcare networks of six Latin American countries.

BACKGROUND: The participation of health professionals in designing interventions is considered vital to effective implementation, yet in areas such as clinical coordination is rarely promoted and evaluated. This study, part of Equity-LA II, aims to analyse the design process of interventions to improve clinical coordination, taking a participatory-action-research (PAR) approach, in healthcare networks of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay. This participatory process was planned in four phases, led by a local steering committee (LSC): (1) dissemination of problem analysis results and creation of professionals' platform, (2) selection of problems and intervention (3) intervention design and planning (4) adjustments after evaluation of first implementation stage. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative study based on documentary analysis, using a topic guide, was conducted in each intervention network. Documents produced regarding the intervention design process were selected. Thematic content analysis was conducted, generating mixed categories taken from the topic guide and identified from data. Main categories were LSC characteristics, type of design process (phases, participants' roles, methods) and associated difficulties, coordination problems and interventions selected. RESULTS: LSCs of similar composition (managers, professionals and researchers) were established, with increasing membership in Chile and high turnover in Argentina, Colombia and Mexico. Following results dissemination and selection of problems and interventions (more participatory in Chile and Colombia: 200-479 participants), the interventions were designed and planned, resulting in three different types of processes: (1) short initial design with adjustments after first implementation stage, in Colombia, Brazil and Mexico; (2) longer, more participatory process, with multiple cycles of action/reflection and pilot tests, in Chile; (3) open-ended design for ongoing adaptation, in Argentina and Uruguay. Professionals' time and the political cycle were the main barriers to participation. The clinical coordination problem selected was limited communication between primary and secondary care doctors. To address it, through discussions guided by context and feasibility criteria, interventions based on mutual feedback were selected. CONCLUSIONS: As expected in a flexible PAR process, its rollout differed across countries in participation and PAR cycles. Results show that PAR can help to design interventions adapted to context and offers lessons that can be applied in other contexts.

Mecanismos de coordinación en la red de salud municipal de Rosario: conocimiento y uso, estudio comparativo 2015-201 / Coordination mechanisms in Rosario´s municipal health network: knowledge and use. Comparative study 2015-2017

INTRODUCCIÓN: En Argentina, como en el resto de Latinoamérica, el sistema de salud está fragmentado; los mecanismos de coordinación (MC) entre niveles de atención son un insumo para su mejora. El objetivo fue analizar, como parte del proyecto EQUITY LA II, el conocimiento y uso de MC entre niveles de atención en médicos de atención primaria (AP) y especializada (AE) en la red de Salud Municipal de Rosario, y sus cambios entre 2015 y 2017. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal con aplicación del cuestionario COORDENA Argentina a médicos de AP y AE. Se encuestó a 350 médicos en 2015 y a 352 en 2017. Las variables fueron nivel de conocimiento, frecuencia, finalidad y dificultades en el uso de los MC de información (MCI): hoja de referencia/contrarreferencia-interconsulta (HR/CR), informe de alta hospitalaria, teléfono; y los MC de gestión clínica (MCGC): guías de práctica clínica (GPC) y reuniones conjuntas. Se efectuó un análisis comparativo entre años y niveles. RESULTADOS: En 2015 la mayoría conocía MCI, aunque hubo diferentes porcentajes de uso según niveles de atención. Los MCGC eran menos conocidos, pero muy usados entre quienes los conocían. Hubo cambios significativos en 2017: disminuyó el envío de CR y el uso del teléfono en AP, y aumentó el conocimiento de reuniones conjuntas y de GPC (solo entre AP). DISCUSIÓN: Existen diferencias en la implementación de MC entre niveles. La adecuación al contexto local es clave para lograr una efectiva y eficiente implementación.

Efectos colaterales de la pandemia por Covid-19 para la salud pública / No disponible

No disponible

Coordinación de la atención entre niveles y sus factores asociados en dos subredes de la red municipal de salud de la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina / Coordenação de cuidados entre os níveis e fatores associados em dois sub-redes da rede municipal de saúde da cidade de Rosario, Argentina / Coordination of care between levels and their associated factors in two subnets of the municipal health network in the city of Rosario, Argentina

Objetivo: evaluar la coordinación de atención entre niveles y factores que influyen a partir de experiencia de médicos de primer y segundo nivel en subredes del sistema público Municipalidad de Rosario. Método: Estudio transversal, encuestas presenciales a médicos de Primer (AP) y Segundo (AE) nivel. Análisis univariado y bivariado. Resultados: similares en subredes. Bajo intercambio de información, pero alta valoración. Remisión oportuna entre niveles; prevalece entre AP existencia de acuerdos de indicaciones de médicos de AE. No se repiten estudios. AP es responsable del seguimiento del paciente, AE envía a pacientes al primer nivel post consulta, AE hacen recomendaciones a AP y AP consultan dudas a AE. La minoría percibe atención coordinada. Factores que influyen: edad, nivel de atención, antigüedad de trabajo, red de atención, tiempo/paciente, tiempo para coordinación en consulta, satisfacción salarial y confianza en habilidades clínicas. Conclusiones: rasgos comunes con particularidades producto de la construcción de redes locales.

The objective was to evaluate care coordination between levels and influential factors from the experience of Primary Care (PC) and Secondary Care (SC) level doctors in subnets of the public system in the city of Rosario. Methods: Cross sectional study, based on face-to-face surveys to doctors of first and second care levels. Univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: similar in both subnets. Low information exchange, but highly valued. Adequate remission between levels, agreements among PC with SC's recommendations. Studies are not repeated. PC doctor is responsible for the patient's follow up; SC doctor sends patients for a follow up consultation with PC doctor, SC makes recommendations to PC and PC asks doubts to SC. A minority perceives coordinated care. Age, care level, seniority at work, care network, time/patient, coordination time in consultation, satisfaction with salary, and confidence on clinical abilities are influential factors. Conclusions: common features with particularities due to the construction of local networks.

O objetivo foi avaliar a coordenação do atendimento entre níveis e fatores que influenciam a partir da experiência de médicos de primeiro e segundo nível em sub-redes do sistema público do município de Rosário. O método foi um estudo transversal, enquetes presenciais a médicos do primeiro (AP) e segundo (AE) nível. Análise univariada e bivariada. Resultados: semelhantes em sub-redes. Baixa troca de informações, mas alta valorização. Transmissão oportuna entre os níveis; a existência de acordos de indicações de médicos de EA prevalece entre aqueles de AP. Nenhum estudo é repetido. AP é responsável pelo acompanhamento do paciente. AE envia pacientes para o primeiro nível após consulta, AE faz recomendações para dúvidas de AP, e AP consulta dúvidas para AE. A minoria percebe atenção coordenada. Fatores que influenciam: idade, nível de cuidados, antigüidade no serviço, rede de cuidados, tempo / paciente, tempo de coordenação da consulta, satisfação salarial e confiança nas habilidades clínicas. Conclusões: características comuns com particularidades decorrentes da construção de redes locais.