A first-principles study of theoretical superconductivity on RbH by doping without applied pressure.

The structural, electronic, lattice dynamics, electron-phonon (el-ph) coupling, and superconducting (SC) properties of the alkali-metal hydride RbH, metallized through electron-doping by the construction of the solid-solution Rb1-xSrxH, are systematically analyzed as a function of Sr-content within the framework of density functional perturbation and Migdal-Eliashberg theories, taking into account the effect of zero-point energy contribution by the quasi-harmonic approximation. For the entire studied range of Sr-content, steady increments of the el-ph coupling constant and the SC critical temperature are found with progressive alkaline-earth metal content through electron-doping, reaching the values ofλ = 1.92 andTc=51.3(66.1)K withµ∗= 0.1(0). The steady rise of such quantities as a function of Sr-content is consequence of the metallization of the hydride as an increase of density of states at the Fermi level is observed, as well as the softening of the phonon spectrum, mainly coming from H-optical modes. Our results indicate that electron-doping on metal-hydrides is an encouraging alternative to look for superconductivity without applied pressure.

Predictive factors of six-week mortality in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2: A multicenter prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to identify the risk factors associated with mortality at six weeks, especially by analyzing the role of antivirals and munomodulators. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive multicenter cohort study. SETTING: 26 Intensive care units (ICU) from Andalusian region in Spain. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included from March 8 to May 30. INTERVENTIONS: None. VARIABLES: Variables analyzed were demographic, severity scores and clinical condition. Support therapy, drug and mortality were analyzed. An univariate followed by multivariate Cox regression with propensity score analysis was applied. RESULTS: 495 patients were enrolled, but 73 of them were excluded for incomplete data. Thus, 422 patients were included in the final analysis. Median age was 63 years and 305 (72.3%) were men. ICU mortality: 144/422 34%; 14 days mortality: 81/422 (19.2%); 28 days mortality: 121/422 (28.7%); 6-week mortality 152/422 36.5%. By multivariable Cox proportional analysis, factors independently associated with 42-day mortality were age, APACHE II score, SOFA score at ICU admission >6, Lactate dehydrogenase at ICU admission >470U/L, Use of vasopressors, extrarenal depuration, %lymphocytes 72h post-ICU admission <6.5%, and thrombocytopenia whereas the use of lopinavir/ritonavir was a protective factor. CONCLUSION: Age, APACHE II, SOFA>value of 6 points, along with vasopressor requirements or renal replacement therapy have been identified as predictor factors of mortality at six weeks. Administration of corticosteroids showed no benefits in mortality, as did treatment with tocilizumab. Lopinavir/ritonavir administration is identified as a protective factor.

El intercambio de cuidados entre culturas / The exchange of care between cultures

Convocamos hace un año Cogitare 2022 con el propósito de profundizar en el fenómeno de “El Intercambio de Cuidados entre Culturas”, cumpliendo así una aspiración largamente acariciada. Porque el fenómeno de la multiculturalidad se ha dado siempre y generalmente se asocia a las invasiones de unos pueblos a otros, enfatizándose la pérdida de vidas, de bienes y de cultura. Pero también ha ocurrido el fenómeno del mestizaje, que ha dado lugar a nuevos grupos sociales con renovadas formas de convivencia. En el caso de la salud, interesa conocer los intercambios que se producen entre los saberes aborígenes y el conocimiento proveniente de la ciencia, así como los préstamos y transferencias tanto en el cuidado profesional y como en el doméstico (AU)

El mestizaje de saberes en la Nueva España: el caso del enfermero Alonso López de los Hinojosos / The miscegenation of knowledge in New Spain: the case of nurse Alonso López de los Hinojosos

Uno de los aspectos más descuidados de la historia de la Enfermería es el papel que los enfermeros tuvieron en el desarrollo de la asistencia sanitaria durante el periodo de colonización en América. En este sentido destaca la contribución de Alonso López de los Hinojosos, un enfermero y cirujano castellano que tuvo un exitoso ejercicio en México en el último cuarto del siglo XVI. Su función de liderazgo en el hospital de los naturales, sus contribuciones durante las epidemias y el hecho de ser autor del primer libro de cirugía publicado en el nuevo mundo, le hacen acreedor de un puesto destacado en la historia de los cuidados, constituyendo un ejemplo emblemático para analizar el intercambio de saberes que se produjo en el encuentro entre Europa y América (AU)

Efectos perinatales de la metformina en diabetes gestacional / Perinatal effects of metformin in gestational diabetes

Antecedentes: La diabetes gestacional es una condición en la que una mujer sin diabetes previa desarrolla intolerancia a la glucosa en cualquier momento del embarazo y puede o no resolverse al término de la gestación. La metformina, del grupo de las biguanidas, se considera manejo alternativo de la diabetes gestacional, incluido en el listado de los medicamentos esenciales por la OMS. El objetivo del presente fue identificar la incidencia de complicaciones obstétricas y perinatales en mujeres con diabetes gestacional que son sometidas a tratamiento con metformina. Material y método: Estudio transversal, con análisis comparativo de los resultados perinatales del tratamiento de diabetes gestacional. Donde el grupo 1 corresponde a pacientes que realizaron únicamente dieta y ejercicio y el grupo 2 a pacientes a las que además se les pautó metformina. Resultados: Fueron incluidas un total de 104 pacientes, edad materna promedio de 35 años, con ganancia ponderal de 10kg, media de peso al nacimiento de 3082 gramos. En el grupo 1 45,2%(n=47) con mayor ganancia ponderal materna y aumento en la incidencia de enfermedades hipertensivas del embarazo (9 casos de hipertensión gestacional y una preeclampsia con criterios de severidad); en contraste con el grupo 2, 54,8%(n=57) donde se reporta menor edad gestacional al nacimiento y un nacimiento pretérmino. Conclusiones: Con los resultados observados se demuestra que el uso de metformina para lograr el control metabólico de las pacientes con diabetes gestacional es una opción viable.(AU)

Background: Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without previous diabetes develops glucose intolerance at any time during pregnancy, and may or may not be resolved at the end of gestation. Metformin, from the biguanide group, is considered as an alternative for the management of gestational diabetes, and is listed in essential drugs by the WHO. The objective of this study was to identify the incidence of obstetric and perinatal complications in women with gestational diabetes undergoing treatment with metformin. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with comparative analysis of the perinatal outcomes of Gestational Diabetes treatment with lifestyle modification with and without metformin. Group 1 corresponded to patients who only performed exercise and diet, and Group 2 to patients who were also prescribed metformin. Results: A total of 104 patients were included. The mean maternal age was 35.05 years, with weight gain of 10kg. The mean birth weight was 3082 grams. Group 1, 45.2% (n=47) with greater maternal weight gain and increased incidence of hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (9 cases of gestational hypertension and 1 pre-eclampsia with severity criteria); in contrast to group 2, 54.8% (n=57) where 1 preterm birth and a lower gestational age at birth was reported. Conclusions: With the results observed, it is shown that the use of metformin to achieve metabolic control of patients with gestational diabetes is a viable option.(AU)

Predictive factors of six-week mortality in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2: A multicenter prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to identify the risk factors associated with mortality at six weeks, especially by analyzing the role of antivirals and munomodulators. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive multicenter cohort study. SETTING: 26 Intensive care units (ICU) from Andalusian region in Spain. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included from March 8 to May 30. INTERVENTIONS: None. VARIABLES: Variables analyzed were demographic, severity scores and clinical condition. Support therapy, drug and mortality were analyzed. An univariate followed by multivariate Cox regression with propensity score analysis was applied. RESULTS: 495 patients were enrolled, but 73 of them were excluded for incomplete data. Thus, 422 patients were included in the final analysis. Median age was 63 years and 305 (72.3%) were men. ICU mortality: 144/422 34%; 14 days mortality: 81/422 (19.2%); 28 days mortality: 121/422 (28.7%); 6-week mortality 152/422 36.5%. By multivariable Cox proportional analysis, factors independently associated with 42-day mortality were age, APACHE II score, SOFA score at ICU admission >6, Lactate dehydrogenase at ICU admission >470U/L, Use of vasopressors, extrarenal depuration, %lymphocytes 72h post-ICU admission <6.5%, and thrombocytopenia whereas the use of lopinavir/ritonavir was a protective factor. CONCLUSION: Age, APACHE II, SOFA>value of 6 points, along with vasopressor requirements or renal replacement therapy have been identified as predictor factors of mortality at six weeks. Administration of corticosteroids showed no benefits in mortality, as did treatment with tocilizumab. Lopinavir/ritonavir administration is identified as a protective factor.

Implantación de un proyecto de humanización en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos / Humanization in healthcare arises from the need for a holistic approach to illness

La humanización en sanidad surge por la necesidad de acercarnos a una dimensión más holística de la enfermedad. El sufrimiento no solo es exclusivo de los pacientes y las familias, sino que el profesional se encuentra en el centro del proceso de despersonalización. El exceso de tecnificación y la colocación del proceso patológico en ocasiones como único objetivo de actuación, así como la hipertrofia del poder institucional que estamos viviendo en los últimos tiempos, hacen que en ocasiones el propio profesional sanitario sea el primero en demandar un cambio en el abordaje de la dinámica dentro de las instituciones sanitarias. Tras una reflexión inicial, desde el corazón de la medicina más tecnificada, como es la Medicina Intensiva, clásicamente aislada del resto del entorno hospitalario y de las familias, decidimos abordar un proyecto de integración, empatía y acercamiento a los pacientes y familiares de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital Infanta Margarita, en el que se pretendieron implementar herramientas para trabajar en los elementos más importantes de un plan de humanización (las familias, pacientes, profesionales, y nuestra comunidad), potenciando el dar a conocer el trabajo que se realiza en la UCI y que se desarrolló a lo largo de 12 meses, el proyecto: UCI Infanta Margarita, 1 año: 12 meses para 12 compromisos (AU)

Suffering is not only exclusive to patients or their relatives, but also to the health professionals, who feel to be at the center of the depersonalization process. Over-technification and the fact that the disease process is sometimes the only focal point of our activities, together with the ever-increasing influence of institutional power seen in recent times, all cause the health professional to be the first in demanding a change in health institution dynamics. Following initial reflection from one of the most technified medical specialties (Intensive Care Medicine), classically isolated from the rest of the Hospital and from the community, we implemented a project aimed at securing integration and empathy in our approach to patients and their relatives in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Infanta Margarita Hospital. The project was designed to incorporate tools for working on the most important elements of a humanization plan, i.e., the patients, their relatives, the health professionals and the community, attempting to disclose the work done in the ICU over a period of 12 months. This project is referred to as the Project ICU Infanta Margarita: 1 year: 12 months for 12 commitments (AU)

Effects of preoperative dexamethasone on postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting and respiratory function in women undergoing conservative breast surgery for cancer: Results of a controlled clinical trial.

The objective was to evaluate whether preoperative administration of dexamethasone improved postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), pain and respiratory function tests in women undergoing conservative surgery for breast cancer. This was a controlled clinical trial conducted between June 2013 and October 2014. Eighty patients were evaluated. Patients received a preoperative dose of 8 mg of dexamethasone (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40). The data on PONV and pain intensity was obtained and forced spirometry tests were performed, 1 hr before and at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hr after surgery. Any use of additional analgesic/antiemetic drugs was recorded. Patients were followed until 30 days after surgery for any surgical or medical complications. The pain intensity was lower in the treatment group for all periods; PONV was lower at 6, 12 and 24 hr; Additional analgesics/antiemetics were required less frequently (all p < .05). Both groups exhibited a restrictive ventilatory pattern immediately after surgery, which was reversed in the following hours. However, spirometric values were higher in the dexamethasone group. There were no pulmonary or metabolic complications after surgery. Our conclusions were that dexamethasone significantly reduced the incidences of PONV, pain and improved respiratory parameters, and reduced the need for additional postoperative analgesic and antiemetic drugs.

Humanization in healthcare arises from the need for a holistic approach to illness. / Implantación de un proyecto de humanización en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.

Suffering is not only exclusive to patients or their relatives, but also to the health professionals, who feel to be at the center of the depersonalization process. Over-technification and the fact that the disease process is sometimes the only focal point of our activities, together with the ever-increasing influence of institutional power seen in recent times, all cause the health professional to be the first in demanding a change in health institution dynamics. Following initial reflection from one of the most technified medical specialties (Intensive Care Medicine), classically isolated from the rest of the Hospital and from the community, we implemented a project aimed at securing integration and empathy in our approach to patients and their relatives in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Infanta Margarita Hospital. The project was designed to incorporate tools for working on the most important elements of a humanization plan, i.e., the patients, their relatives, the health professionals and the community, attempting to disclose the work done in the ICU over a period of 12 months. This project is referred to as the Project ICU Infanta Margarita: 1 year: 12 months for 12 commitments.

Does duration of teat use in first parity affect milk yield and mammary gene expression in second parity?

It was recently shown that a teat that is not used in the first lactation will have a reduced development and milk yield in the second lactation. In the current study, the impact of imposing a suckling period of 2, 7, or 21 d during the first lactation on piglet performance, milk composition, endocrine status, and mammary gene expression of sows in their second lactation was studied. Pregnant Yorkshire gilts were divided into 3 groups according to lactation length: 1) 2-d lactation (2D; = 20), 2) 7-d lactation (7D; = 20), and 3) 21-d lactation (21D; = 21). After weaning, sows were bred and kept for a second parity. In both lactations, litters were standardized to 12 piglets with 12 functional teats and surplus teats were sealed. In the second lactation, piglets were weighed on d 2, 7, 14, 21 (weaning), 31, and 56 postpartum, and sow feed intake was recorded. On d 110 of gestation and on d 21 of lactation, mammary biopsies were performed on 10 sows per treatment to obtain parenchymal tissue samples for determination of mRNA abundance for , , , , , and genes. Milk samples and jugular blood samples were also obtained from sows on d 21 of lactation. Standard composition analyses (DM, fat, protein, and lactose) were done in milk. Concentrations of prolactin, IGF-1, glucose, and urea were measured in blood. There was a tendency for 21D sows to consume more feed than 2D or 7D sows during the first week of lactation ( < 0.10). There was no treatment effect on BW of piglets at any time until d 56 ( > 0.10). Concentrations of prolactin, IGF-1, urea, and glucose in sows on d 21 of lactation were not affected by treatment ( > 0.10). Dry matter, fat, protein, and lactose contents in milk were not altered by treatment ( > 0.10). On d 110 of gestation, gene expression was greater ( = 0.05) in 21D sows than in 7D sows. On d 21 of lactation, gene expression of was greater ( = 0.05) and that of tended to be lower ( < 0.10) in 7D sows than in 2D sows. The mRNA abundance of also tended to be lower ( < 0.10) in 2D sows than in 7D sows. Results indicate that increasing the duration of lactation from 2 d to 7 d or to 21 d in first-parity sows did not improve growth rate of their piglets in the subsequent lactation. This suggests that suckling of a teat for 2 d during the first lactation is sufficient to ensure optimal mammary development.

Effects of electron doping on the stability of the metal hydride NaH.

Alkali and alkali-earth metal hydrides have high volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen densities, but due to their high thermodynamic stability, they possess high dehydrogenation temperatures which may be reduced by transforming these compounds into less stable states/configurations. We present a systematic computational study of the electron doping effects on the stability of the alkali metal hydride NaH substituted with Mg, using the self-consistent version of the virtual crystal approximation to model the alloy Na1-x Mg x H. The phonon dispersions were studied paying special attention to the crystal stability and the correlations with the electronic structure taking into account the zero point energy contribution. We found that substitution of Na by Mg in the hydride invokes a reduction of the frequencies, leading to dynamical instabilities for Mg content of 25%. The microscopic origin of these instabilities could be related to the formation of ellipsoidal Fermi surfaces centered at the L point due to the metallization of the hydride by the Mg substitution. Applying the quasiharmonic approximation, thermodynamic properties like heat capacities, vibrational entropies and vibrational free energies as a function of temperature at zero pressure are obtained. These properties determine an upper temperature for the thermodynamic stability of the hydride, which decreases from 600 K for NaH to 300 K at 20% Mg concentration. This significant reduction of the stability range indicates that dehydrogenation could be favoured by electron doping of NaH.

Primer centenario del título oficial de Enfermería / No disponible

No disponible

Influence of gonadotrophin-induced first oestrus on gilt fertility.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between the oestrous response of pre-pubertal gilts to gonadotrophin injection or boar exposure and their subsequent farrowing rate and litter size. At 154 days of age, randomly selected pre-pubertal gilts received an intramuscular injection of 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin plus 200 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (PG600(®) ; Merck Animal Health; n = 181). From the remaining pool of animals not treated with hormones, the first gilts showing signs of oestrus were selected to act as controls (n = 201). Boar exposure began at 155 days of age for both groups, and gilts were bred at a weight of approximately 130 kg. Comparisons were made between PG600(®) -treated gilts exhibiting oestrus or not within 7 days post-injection (early and late responders, respectively) and control gilts exhibiting oestrus or not within 30 days after beginning of boar exposure (select and non-select control gilts, respectively). By 162 days, oestrus was detected in 67.5% of PG600(®) -treated gilts compared with 5.7% of control gilts (p < 0.0001). The proportion of animals observed in oestrus at least three times before breeding was greater for select control gilts compared with early and late responder PG600(®) -treated gilts (p ≤ 0.001). There were no significant differences in farrowing rate and litter size between the four treatment groups. These data indicate that PG600(®) is an effective tool to induce an earlier oestrus in gilts, that subsequent farrowing rate and born alive litter size compare favourably to that of select gilts and that gilts failing to respond promptly to hormonal stimulation do not exhibit compromised fertility.

Influence of lactation length and gonadotrophins administered at weaning on fertility of primiparous sows.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lactation length and treatment with gonadotrophins at weaning on reproductive performance of primiparous sows. After 3 wk of lactation, primiparous sows were either weaned (W3; n=273) or received a 7-d-old foster litter for a further 14 d of suckling (W5; n=199). At final weaning (3 wk or 5 wk lactation) sows were randomly assigned to receive an injection of 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin plus 200 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (PG600(®); W3 + P; n=108 and W5 + P; n=96) or no injection (W3; n=165 and W5; n=103). Sows were inseminated at first observed estrus after final weaning and 24h later. The proportion of sows showing estrus by 6 d post-weaning was greater (P<0.01) for W3+P (86%) compared to W3 (64%), however, there was not a difference (P=0.13) for W5 + P (79.4%) compared to W5 (69.1%). There was no effect of either lactation length or gonadotrophin treatment on farrowing rates or on the proportion of sows culled before breeding. Total born litter size was smaller (P=0.05) for W3 + P (11.7 ± 0.4) compared to W3 (12.6 ± 0.3). However, sows that lactated for 35 d had larger litters than sows that lactated for 21 d regardless of gonadotrophin treatment (14 ± 0.5 and 14.5 ± 0.4 for W5+P and W5, respectively; P<0.001). These data indicate that for primiparous sows, a longer lactation improves total born litter size at their next farrowing. Gonadotrophin treatment is useful in shortening the weaning to estrus interval but subsequent total born litter size may be negatively affected.

Rabdomiólisis secundaria a hiponatremia / Rhabdomyolysis secondary to hyponatraemia

No disponible

The effect of feeding fermented liquid whey plus dextrose inoculated with specific lactic acid bacteria of pig origin to weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli O149:K91:F4.

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of using fermented liquid whey inoculated with specific lactic acid bacteria of pig origin to reduce the severity and progression of postweaning enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in weanling pigs challenged with E. coli O149:K91:F4. Based on two trials, it was determined that feeding inoculated fermented whey in a liquid diet did not affect growth performance or the severity or duration of postweaning diarrhea compared with a conventional dry feed containing an antibiotic. Because this study is one of very few examining the use of liquid feed and co-products inoculated with probiotics to control postweaning E. coli diarrhea, more studies are needed to confirm these results.

Pre-harvest interventions to reduce the shedding of E. coli O157 in the faeces of weaned domestic ruminants: a systematic review.

Our objective was to use formal systematic review methods to evaluate the efficacy of interventions to reduce faecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in post-weaned ruminants by increasing animal resistance. The methodology consisted of an extensive search to identify all potentially relevant research, screening of titles and abstracts for relevance to the research question, quality assessment of relevant research, extraction of data from research of sufficient quality, and qualitative summarization of results. The interventions evaluated included probiotics, vaccination, antimicrobials, sodium chlorate, bacteriophages and other feed additives. There was evidence of efficacy for the probiotic combination Lactobacillus acidophilus NP51 (NPC 747) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii and for sodium chlorate in feed or water. The effectiveness of vaccination varied among studies and among vaccine protocols and there was no consistent evidence to suggest that antibiotic use was associated with a decrease in faecal shedding of E. coli O157, or that current industry uses of antimicrobials were associated with increased faecal shedding. There were an insufficient number of studies available to address the effectiveness of bacteriophages and several other feed additives. In general, few of the primary studies evaluated the interventions under commercial housing conditions with a natural disease challenge, there were inconsistencies in the results among study designs and in some cases among studies within study designs, and a relatively large proportion of publications were excluded based on quality assessment criteria. Few studies reported on associations between the proposed intervention and production parameters, such as average daily gain and feed: gain ratio. While the results suggest that some interventions may be efficacious, there are knowledge gaps in our understanding of the efficacy of pre-harvest interventions to increase animal resistance to E. coli O157 that require further targeted research.