Case of study on a sustainability building: Environmental risk assessment related with allergenicity from air quality considering meteorological and urban green infrastructure data on BIM.

Digitisation is gaining importance with 3D workflow for architecture-specific annotation of built heritage. The objective is to use the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology in order to carry out a study of alternatives of impact on environmental sustainability associated with the potential allergenicity with green infrastructure on a new housing, located in Mérida (SW Spain). It is intended to simulate the meteorology (direction and speed of the wind) in the study city with the compass rose for 18 years (2003-2020) to assess the meteorological pattern associated with the wind on the studied housing. 3 green infrastructure garden alternatives (considering 5 ornamental species of cypress trees) were designed to evaluate the potential impact of allergenicity on the housing. AIROT index was applied to project the results on the frontage of the housing. This index was developed in the field of large areas of urban environments. The calculation was carried out in the most exact way possible in specific sections of the frontage of the housing and automatically with tools associated with the BIM environment (such as Autodesk Revit, Dynamo, Enscape, Wrplot and Bim One) to the discipline of Architecture (such as Autodesk Autocad and Autodesk Flow Design). The obtained results were applied to evaluate 3 scenario designs, trying to minimize the potential exposure to urban green infrastructure (focus on cypress trees) in this current project, and offering a health reference guide in future projects, from the design phase considering appropriate measures and proposing recommendations.

The contact angle of nanofluids as thermophysical property.

Droplet volume and temperature affect contact angle significantly. Phase change heat transfer processes of nanofluids - suspensions containing nanometre-sized particles - can only be modelled properly by understanding these effects. The approach proposed here considers the limiting contact angle of a droplet asymptotically approaching zero-volume as a thermophysical property to characterise nanofluids positioned on a certain substrate under a certain atmosphere. Graphene oxide, alumina, and gold nanoparticles are suspended in deionised water. Within the framework of a round robin test carried out by nine independent European institutes the contact angle of these suspensions on a stainless steel solid substrate is measured with high accuracy. No dependence of nanofluids contact angle of sessile droplets on the measurement device is found. However, the measurements reveal clear differences of the contact angle of nanofluids compared to the pure base fluid. Physically founded correlations of the contact angle in dependency of droplet temperature and volume are obtained from the data. Extrapolating these functions to zero droplet volume delivers the searched limiting contact angle depending only on the temperature. It is for the first time, that this specific parameter, is understood as a characteristic material property of nanofluid droplets placed on a certain substrate under a certain atmosphere. Together with the surface tension it provides the foundation of proper modelling phase change heat transfer processes of nanofluids.

Relación entre el parto natural y el desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno en pacientes miopes / Relationship between natural childbirth and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in patients with myopia

Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno y el parto natural. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta oportunista a aquellas pacientes que acudieran a consulta de Oftalmología, que presentaran alta miopía y que hubieran tenido hijos en los últimos 10 años. Resultados: Sesenta y siete pacientes respondieron a la encuesta. La miopía promedio fue de -11.54±4.1 (rango -6.25-23) y 3 de las pacientes tenían historial de desprendimiento de retina previo. El número de partos total fue de 107, de los cuales 20 fueron por cesárea. Ninguna de las pacientes tuvo ningún problema ocular asociado al parto y ninguna cesárea se realizó por razones oftalmológicas. No obstante, 3 pacientes fueron derivadas a Oftalmología para valorar la conveniencia o no de un parto natural. Conclusión: No existe ninguna evidencia científica que soporte la creencia de que un parto natural pueda ocasionar un desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and natural childbirth. Subjects and methods: A survey was performed on patients who visited the ophthalmology department and presented high myopia and had given birth in the last ten years. Results: 67 patients answered the survey. Average myopia was-11.54±4.1 [range-6.25 -23] and 3 of the patients had a history of previous retinal detachment. The total number of childbirths was 107, of which 20 were by caesarean section. None of the patients had any ocular problem associated with childbirth and no caesarean section was performed for ophthalmological reasons. However, three patients were referred to the ophthalmology department to assess whether or not a natural birth was appropriate. Conclusion: There is no scientific evidence to support the belief that a natural birth could cause rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Improving early detection of exotic or emergent oyster diseases in France: identifying factors associated with shellfish farmer reporting behaviour of oyster mortality.

Farmers' vigilance is essential for the detection of epidemics, including potential emerging diseases, in marine shellfish. A field study was conducted to investigate oyster farmers' reporting practices and behaviour, and to identify factors influencing the reporting process of oyster mortality, with the ultimate aim of improving early detection of unexplained oyster mortality outbreaks. A retrospective case-control study of oyster farmers from Charente-Maritime (France) was designed, based on interviews with 27 non-reporting and 89 reporting farmers, further split into 40 formerly-reporting and 49 currently-reporting farmers. Information about farmer and farm characteristics, farming practices, farm health history and related financial compensation on the farm, knowledge of the mortality reporting system and reporting behaviour was collected. Sampling design was considered in the calculations and farmers' reporting behaviour was modelled using an ordinal logistic regression (continuation-ratio model). Notification procedures were fairly well known among farmers and the reporting system was well accepted overall. Nevertheless, a lack of awareness of the aims of the reporting system was revealed, which contributed to late reporting. Factors identified as driving a farmer's decision to report oyster mortality concerned their lack of awareness of mortality reporting (production type, farm size, location of the production cycle, accessibility of the leasing grounds) and willingness to report (possibility and extent of financial compensation, a feeling of not being involved, whether it was first year of reporting). Overall classification performance of the model built in this study was 64%. In particular, financial compensation for oyster production losses appeared to be a clear incentive for reporting, but was countered by a habituation effect combined with a lack of awareness of the aims of the reporting system: oyster farmers looking for benefits for themselves in reporting, rather than early detection of a disease outbreak. Both economic compensation and the farmers' non-economic values and perceptions should be considered to improve oyster farmers' reporting compliance and sustainability of the reporting system. Education and participatory approaches could help to change these attitudes and thus improve oyster farmers' compliance with reporting duties, resulting in improved early detection of epidemics and emerging or exotic oyster diseases.

Técnica quirúrgica para el centrado de lentes difractivas con hápticos en open-loop / Surgical technique for centering diffractive intraocular lenses with open-loop haptics

OBJETIVO Y MÉTIDO: Describir una técnica quirúrgica que permite centrar las lentes difractivas con hápticos en open-loop sobre el eje ocular elegido. Para ello se marca inicialmente sobre la córnea el eje deseado, se alinea la rexis con este y, una vez implantada la lente difractiva en el saco capsular, se alinea mediante rotación intrasacular hasta hacer coincidir el anillo central con la marca corneal. El centrado por simple movilización lateral de la óptica resulta frecuentemente ineficaz. CONCLUSIONES: La técnica de rotación descrita es una técnica fácil de realizar que permite un centrado más preciso que la clásicamente usada técnica de movilización lateral

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To describe a surgical technique that enables diffractive lenses with open-loop haptics to be centered on the chosen optical axis. To perform this, the desired axis must initially be marked on the cornea, the rhexis must be aligned with this, and once the intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted in the capsular bag, it is aligned by intracapsular rotation to match the central ring of the IOL with the corneal mark. Centering by simple optical lateral mobilization is often ineffective. CONCLUSION: The described technique is easy to perform, allowing more precise focusing than the classic lateral mobilization technique used

[Surgical technique for centering diffractive intraocular lenses with open-loop haptics]. / Técnica quirúrgica para el centrado de lentes difractivas con hápticos en open-loop.

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To describe a surgical technique that enables diffractive lenses with open-loop haptics to be centered on the chosen optical axis. To perform this, the desired axis must initially be marked on the cornea, the rhexis must be aligned with this, and once the intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted in the capsular bag, it is aligned by intracapsular rotation to match the central ring of the IOL with the corneal mark. Centering by simple optical lateral mobilization is often ineffective. CONCLUSION: The described technique is easy to perform, allowing more precise focusing than the classic lateral mobilization technique used.

Contribution of volcanic ashes to the regional geochemical balance: the 2008 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Southern Chile.

The environmental geochemical behaviour of the rhyolitic ashes from the 2008 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Southern Chile, has been studied. After the bulk characterisation, the potential contribution to the regional geochemical fluxes was examined using: i) single batch leaching tests to provide a rapid screening of the implied major and trace elements; and ii) column experiments to evaluate the temporal mobility of leached elements. The environmental concerns of these ashes are related to the fine grained component present in each sample (independent of distance from the source), in particular the presence of cristobalite, and the geochemical hazards posed by ash-water interaction. Leaching experiments show the fast dissolution of surface salts and aerosols, which dominate over glass dissolution during the first steps of the ash-water interaction. Chaitén ashes could transfer to the environment more than 1×10(10)g or 10,000 metric tonnes (mt) of Cl, S, Ca, Na, Si, and K; between 1000 and 10,000 mt of F, Mg, and Al; between 100 and 1000 mt of As, Pb, P, Fe, Sr, Zn, Mn, and Br; between 10 and 100 mt of Ba, Li, Ti, Ni, Nb, Cu, Rb, Zr, V, Mo, Co, and Sc; and less than 10 mt of Cr, Sb, Ce, Ga, Cs, and Y. These results show the fertilising potential of the ashes (e.g., providing Ca and Fe) but also the input of potentially toxic trace elements (e.g., F and As) in the regional geochemical mass balance. The Chaitén results evidence lower potentials for poisoning and fertilising than low silica ashes due to the lower contents released of practically all elements.

Mucinosis papulosa acral persistente / Acral persistent papular mucinosis

Presentamos un caso de mucinosis papulosa acral persistente (MPAP). Se trata de una mujer de 69 años que presenta pápulas del mismo color de la piel de 2-4mm en el dorso de las manos y las muñecas. En el estudio histopatológico aparece un depósito de mucina focal en la dermis papilar y reticular superior. La MPAP es un tipo de mucinosis que presenta un curso benigno y persistente, sin asociación a alteraciones sistémicas. Existe controversia sobre si se trata de una nueva entidad o un subtipo de la forma discreta papular de liquen mixedematoso

We present a case of acral papular persistent mucinosis(APPM). A 69 years old woman had 2-4mm flesh-colored papules on the back of her hands and extensor wrist. Examination of biopsy specimen showed focal mucin deposition in papillary and upper reticular dermis. APPM is a mucinosis subtype which has a benign and persistent course, without systemic involvement. Controversy exist as to wether this subtype should be considered a new entity o as a variant of the discrete papular form of lichen myxedematosus

Estadificación, estudio prequirúrgico y seguimiento del carcinoma de endometrio / The staging system, pre-operative study and follow-up of the endometrial carcinoma

En este artículo se revisan el sistema de estadificación, el estudio prequirúrgico y el seguimiento del carcinoma de endometrio. La FIGO en 1988, recomendó la estadificación quirúrgica de la enfermedad en lugar de la estadificación clínica, con intención de individualizar el tratamiento postquirúrgico. Revisamos el estudio prequirúrgico de la enfermedad, profundizando en los aspectos más importantes, y por último hacemos algunas consideraciones acerca de la necesidad o no de protocolos de seguimiento estrictos. (AU)

Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for lesions of the salivary glands.

We examined 112 fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens of salivary glands (80 parotid and 32 submaxillary) taken between January 1989 and December 1995. Cytologic diagnoses were compared with the final histological diagnoses of the surgical specimens. The sensitivity and specificity were 84.8% and 93.7% respectively, and the accuracy was 91.1%. We conclude that FNAB by itself does not provide total security because of the high percentage of false-negatives. It is nevertheless useful when combined with an adequate clinical history, examination and radiological tests.

Astigmatic keratotomy effect of single-hinge, clear corneal incisions using various preincision lengths.

PURPOSE: To investigate the astigmatic keratotomy effect of a modified single-hinge cataract incision. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Tenerife, Spain. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated the astigmatic changes resulting from preincision grooves of less than 40, 45, and 55 degrees in arc length used with a single-hinge, self-sealing cataract incision in 144 eyes that had against-the-rule corneal astigmatism preoperatively. The intended 90% depth preincision was centered on the steep meridian and lengthened according to the amount of preoperative astigmatism. Outcome measurements were obtained by calculating the surgically induced astigmatism vectors and the postoperative keratometry changes 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Three months postoperatively, astigmatism decreased by 0.03, 0.30, and 0.68 diopter in the less than 40, 45, and 55 degree incision length groups, respectively. The differences between the 45 and 55 degree groups and the less than 40 degree group was statistically significant (P < .05). Similar results were observed 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: The astigmatic preincision modification produced statistically significant increasing reductions in preoperative astigmatism according to preincision length.

[Retroperitoneal germinal tumor: extragonadal or burned out phenomenon of testicular primary? Presentation of a clinical case]. / Tumor germinal retroperitoneal: estragonadal o fenómeno de burned-out del primario testicular? Presentación de un caso clínico.

Clinical record case of a retroperitoneal seminoma with "burned-out" phenomenon in the testicular primary, in a 38 year old male with no background of interest who consults for a picture of left nephritic colic. The ipsilateral testis study detects a fibrotic area with hyalinosis and hemosiderin deposits, although there are no tumoral debris, compatible with the "burned-out" phenomenon. Management is through surgery plus a chemotherapy protocol. Discussion of the diagnostic algorithm of retroperitoneal tumours and the literature on extragonadal germinal tumours.

Cutaneous meningioma underlying congenital localized hypertrichosis.

A 28-year-old man had a circumscribed hypertrichotic area on the left lumbar region since birth. A biopsy specimen showed numerous normal-appearing hair follicles and arrector pili muscles. In the subcutaneous layer a mass of dense collagenous connective tissue formed the background in which ill-defined foci of meningothelial cells in nests and pseudovascular spaces were seen. Collagenous structures (pseudopsammoma bodies), some of which showed calcification (psammoma bodies), were also seen. A diagnosis of cutaneous meningioma was made.

[Villous adenoma of urinary bladder. Report of a new case]. / Adenoma velloso de vejiga urinaria. A propósito de un nuevo caso.

We report on an 80-year-old female patient with a villous polyp of the bladder. We believe this lesion may correspond to an intermediate stage in the well known sequence of injury-metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma of the large intestine. Intestinal metaplasia in the bladder is a potentially malignant lesion. If villous adenomas are diagnosed early, before malignant transformation, simple excision can achieve cure.