Subject(s)
Anemia/etiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome/complications , Stomach Neoplasms/complications , Anemia/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Gastrectomy , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/surgery , Gastroscopy , Humans , Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome/diagnosis , Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome/surgery , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/surgerySubject(s)
Duodenal Diseases/therapy , Duodenoscopy , Fasciolidae , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/therapy , Trematode Infections/therapy , Adult , Animals , Duodenal Diseases/drug therapy , Duodenal Diseases/parasitology , Female , Humans , Praziquantel/therapeutic use , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/drug therapy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology , Trematode Infections/drug therapy , Trematode Infections/parasitologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is one of the five leading sites of cancer in the Indian population. In the present study we analyzed the expression of apoptosis regulating genes, viz. survivin, Bcl-2, Bax and p53 in precancerous and cancerous lesions of the buccal mucosa of Indian tobacco chewers. METHOD: Paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 38 patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 17 patients with leukoplakia were used. The expression of survivin, Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining method. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent OSCC were found to be positive for nuclear p53 staining while none of the precancerous lesions showed p53 positivity. Survivin, Bcl-2 and Bax expression was found to increase with increased grade of malignancy. Increase in survivin expression was statistically most significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Increased expression of anti-apoptotic survivin in high-grade tumors suggests that survivin is likely to contribute significantly to apoptosis resistance in response to therapy.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry , Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/analysis , Microtubule-Associated Proteins/analysis , Mouth Neoplasms/chemistry , Neoplasm Proteins/analysis , Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects , Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Humans , India , Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Mucosa/chemistry , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Precancerous Conditions/chemistry , Survivin , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/analysisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection has recently been incriminated in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma and chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are considered to be precursors of this condition. Although the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in India is high that of gastric carcinoma is low. We, therefore, decided to examine the association between Helicobacter pylori, intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma in a prospective study. METHODS: Fifty patients with carcinoma of the stomach and 50 with non-ulcer dyspepsia underwent upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy and had biopsies from the antrum, body and carcinomatous tissue. In 12 cases of gastric carcinoma, tissue was obtained from resected specimens at operation. The types of gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and presence of Helicobacter pylori were assessed by staining with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff reagent with alcian blue and Warthin-Starry stains. RESULTS: The incidence of chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori were 82%, 36% and 38% in patients with carcinoma and 86%, 4% and 68% in those with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Helicobacter pylori positivity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and intestinal metaplasia significantly lower (p < 0.001) in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia than in those with carcinoma. Of the 50 cases with carcinoma, 28 were of the intestinal and 22 of the diffuse type. The incidence of chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori in the intestinal type of carcinoma was 71%, 46% and 39% while in the diffuse type it was 32%, 23% and 36%. The incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection did not differ significantly in the two types of carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that although Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic atrophic gastritis are common in Indians, the incidence of intestinal metaplasia is low. Helicobacter pylori infection was equally common in both the intestinal and diffuse type of gastric carcinomas. Our findings, therefore, cast doubt on the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric carcinogenesis.