[Monitoring of public health in the Kashagan oil and gas field].

According to explored hydrocarbon reserves the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) is among ten top countries rich in oil deposits. In connection with the intensive development of oil and gas industry environmental protection and public health issues became subject of a great interest from both scientists ' and health practitioners ' side. Results of the study included in this article are devoted to the study of health of the population, living near the "Bolashak" installation of complex preparation of oil and gas. There is a preliminary oil refining process coming from the Kashagan field and its further export. Analysis proved air pollution to be the one of the major risk factors for the health of the residing people. In the area there are problems of fresh water supply and frequent accidents at sewage plants. Landfills for municipal solid waste does not meet sanitary standards. The health care system of Makat district is characterized by uncompleted personnel and lack of beds. Indices of the mortality rate over the study period declined by 28.8%. As a result, population growth over the study the period was characterized by a tendency to increase. In 2013 population sought medical advice due to respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning, diseases of blood and hemopoietic organs, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue and nervous system.

[TRENDS IN HEALTH OF THE POPULATION IN THE AREA OF THE TENGIZ FIELD].

At the present the Caspian oil and gas field became extremely important for the economy of Kazakhstan and it has entered a qualitatively new stage of its development. In connection with the intensive development of these fields the attention of both scientists and health practitioners is attracted by problems of populations' health. In the article there are presented data of a study of the quality of main objects of environment, health condition, demographic indices of and morbidity rate of the population of the Zhylyoi district of the Atyrau region. The population resides in the region of influence of the Tengiz oil and gas field. The level of mortality in Zhylyoi for the periodfrom 2006 to 2013 was establishe to decline, as birth rate rather increased. Indices of the population's structure retain the tendency to the progressive type, possibly in relation with urbanization and industrial migration of population, that increased in last years. The district mortality rates are below national, regional and urban values. Natural population growth in Zhylyoi has increased by 27.6%. The analysis of primary morbidity of the population of the Zhylyoi district in dynamics from 2006 to 2013 shows a some decrease. In the structure of the morbidity there was noted a decrease in the proportion of diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, respiratory diseases, digestive organs. However, the proportion of blood diseases, diseases of the hematopoietic system and blood flow has increased. Alongside this in the region there is clearly discernible the scarcity of doctors, qualified nurses and beds.

[Hygienic evaluation and prediction of population morbidity in the region of the Karachaganak field].

The state of pollution of the environment in the area of operation of the Karachaganak oil and gas field depends on the development and operation of oil and gas objects. According to the analysis of retrospective studies, periods of the increase in air pollution have two peaks occurring in 1990 and 1997. However, these negative environmental moments are significantly different. In 1990, due to a sharp increase in the production of hydrocarbon crude, as well as the low efficiency of gas cleaning devices air pollution has increased significantly. The second period was characterized by a slight increase in the concentration of nitrogen dioxide only that was directly connected to the introduction of new technologies reducing environmental pollution. At the same time, the average population morbidity rate in settlement Berezovka is 336.8 cases per 1,000 surveyed, which is lower in 1.6 times than the reference data in the control townships. The leading place in the structure of morbidity are taken by digestive diseases, respiratory diseases and diseases of the nervous system, diseases of the eye and its appendages, diseases of the genitourinary system, diseases of the circulatory system, accounting for 87.6% of all diseases of the surveyed residents of settlement Berezovka. There was shown a multi-dimensional model of the dependence of general population morbidity in settlement Berezovka on the concentration of SO2 and NO2 in air. Also found depending on the influence of the concentrations of H2S, SO2 and NO2 in the air on the population on basic classes of diseases.