ABSTRACT
Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni. is used as a remedy for coronary trouble, liver disorders, epilepsy, skin disease, and ulcer. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of polyphenolic-rich P. campechiana fruit extract against acetaminophen-intoxicated rats. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of egg fruit were estimated followed by the determination of antioxidant activities. Treatment with P. campechiana fruit extract effectively scavenged the free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner within the range of the given concentrations in all antioxidant models. The presence of polyphenolic compounds were confirmed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The animals were treated with acetaminophen (250 mg/kg body weight; p.o.) thrice at the interval of every 5 days after the administration of P. campechiana aqueous extract and silymarin (50 mg/kg). Acetaminophen treatment was found to trigger an oxidative stress in liver, leading to an increase of serum marker enzymes. However, treatment with P. campechiana fruit extract significantly reduced the elevated liver marker enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) and increased the antioxidant enzymes (viz., superoxide dismutase and catalase) and glutathione indicating the effect of the extract in restoring the normal functional ability of hepatocytes. These results strongly suggest that P. campechiana fruit extract has strong antioxidant and significant hepatoprotective effect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Antioxidants/pharmacokinetics , Pouteria , Acetaminophen/adverse effects , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control , Disease Models, Animal , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Protective Agents/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni. is used as a remedy for coronary trouble, liver disorders, epilepsy, skin disease, and ulcer. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of polyphenolic-rich P. campechiana fruit extract against acetaminophen-intoxicated rats. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of egg fruit were estimated followed by the determination of antioxidant activities. Treatment with P. campechiana fruit extract effectively scavenged the free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner within the range of the given concentrations in all antioxidant models. The presence of polyphenolic compounds were confirmed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The animals were treated with acetaminophen (250 mg/kg body weight; p.o.) thrice at the interval of every 5 days after the administration of P. campechiana aqueous extract and silymarin (50 mg/kg). Acetaminophen treatment was found to trigger an oxidative stress in liver, leading to an increase of serum marker enzymes. However, treatment with P. campechiana fruit extract significantly reduced the elevated liver marker enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) and increased the antioxidant enzymes (viz., superoxide dismutase and catalase) and glutathione indicating the effect of the extract in restoring the normal functional ability of hepatocytes. These results strongly suggest that P. campechiana fruit extract has strong antioxidant and significant hepatoprotective effect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Acetaminophen/toxicity , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/toxicity , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Pouteria/chemistry , Animals , Benzothiazoles/chemistry , Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry , Catalase/metabolism , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/metabolism , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Cytoprotection , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/isolation & purification , Fruit/chemistry , Hepatocytes/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Male , Nitric Oxide/chemistry , Oxidative Stress , Picrates/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Polyphenols/isolation & purification , Polyphenols/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sulfonic Acids/chemistry , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
In this present study, we investigated thio glycolic acid-capped cadmium telluride quantum dots (TGA-CdTe QDs) as nano carrier to study the antiarthritic activity of quercetin on adjuvant induced arthritic Wistar rats. The free radical scavenging activity of QDs-QE complex was evaluated by 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion scavenging assays. Fifteen days after adjuvant induction, arthritic rats received QDs-QE complex orally at the dose of 0.2 and 0.4mg/kg daily for 3 weeks. Diclofenac sodium (DF) was used as a reference drug. Administration of QDs-QE complex showed a significant reduction in inflammation and improvement in cartilage regeneration. Treatment with QDs-QE complex significantly (P<0.05) reduced the expressions lipid peroxidation and showed significant (P<0.05) increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) catalase (CAT) levels in paw tissue. C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of experimental animals were also estimated. Histology of hind limb tissue in experimental groups confirmed the complete cartilage regeneration in arthritis induced rats treated with QDs-QE complex. Based on our findings, we suggest that the QDs act as nano carrier for the drugs used in the treatment of various degenerative diseases.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy , Cadmium Compounds/chemistry , Quantum Dots/chemistry , Quercetin/administration & dosage , Tellurium/chemistry , Thioglycolates/chemistry , Animals , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Arthritis, Experimental/blood , Arthritis, Experimental/pathology , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Female , Particle Size , Quantum Dots/ultrastructure , Rats , Rats, Wistar , SpectrophotometryABSTRACT
A series of imidazole derivatives connected with pyridine moiety through phenyl groups were synthesized by using Suzuki coupling followed by multicomponent cyclization reaction. Results obtained from spectroscopic ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, Mass) and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of synthesized compound was in very good agreement with its chemical structure. UV-Vis and fluorescence studies in various solvents with different polarity demonstrated that these compounds were sensitive to the polarity of the microenvironment. In addition, multi linear regression analysis based on Kamlet-Taft and Catalán new four parameter solvent scale results in solvatochromism and was mainly influenced by solvent polarisability and dipolarity of the environment. The electrochemical stability of the compounds was also studied by cyclic voltammetry. An excellent fluorescent nature with high quantum efficiency of the compounds was successfully utilized to probe the bacteria by using fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of these compounds were also studied in vitro by the disk diffusion assay against one Gram-positive, three Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans. MPBI showed relatively good inhibitory action against Gram-negative bacteria and TPBI against Gram-positive bacteria and 3PBI against C. albicans.
Subject(s)
Imidazoles/chemical synthesis , Imidazoles/pharmacology , Optical Imaging/methods , Pyridines/chemistry , Solvents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic , Crystallography, X-Ray , Cyclization , Electrochemistry , Fungi/drug effects , Imidazoles/chemistry , Linear Models , Models, Molecular , Molecular ConformationABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant potential of an aqueous extract from Merremia emarginata leaves because this plant has a very high flavonoid and phenol content. The in vitro antioxidant activity was measured by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), superoxide anion scavenging assay and lipid peroxidation activity; the total reducing capability of the plant extract indicates that this plant is a source for natural antioxidants. Furthermore, we investigated thio glycolic acid-capped cadmium telluride quantum dots (TGA-CdTe QDs) as fluorescent probes to study the antioxidant activity of the M. emarginata extract through fluorescence quenching. The antimicrobial activity was also investigated using a disc diffusion method and fluorescence microscopy. The TGA-CdTe QDs and M. emarginata complex could provide antimicrobial activity through a reactive oxygen species pathway and/or microbial endocytosis through an electrostatic attraction. Based on our findings, we suggest that the QDs act as potential probes for the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In addition, their cooperative effect with the plant extract indicates that QDs could be used as nanocarriers to enhance the antimicrobial capability. Further in vivo studies on the photolabelling of antioxidants with QDs will provide insights into the mechanistic pathways of secondary metabolites against various degenerative diseases.