Biomechanical performance of three fiberglass post cementation techniques: Imaging, in vitro, and in silico analysis.

PURPOSE: The structural integrity of the resin cement layer, the bond strength, and the biomechanical behavior of different fiberglass post cementation techniques were evaluated. METHODS: Thirty-three bovine incisors were divided into three groups (n = 11): conventional fiberglass post (CFP), conventional fiberglass post in flared root canals (CFL), and relined fiberglass post (RFP). Six specimens from each group were submitted for high-resolution microcomputed tomography (µCT) to evaluate the integrity and presence/volume of voids at the resin cement layer. Finite element analysis (FEA) of two three-dimensional (3D) models of each group were conducted, one considered ideal (without interface defects) and another containing the conditions identified in the µCT analysis. Push-out bond strength tests were conducted for all specimens. RESULTS: The CFL group had the greatest mean values of void (Thirds cervical: 73.67; middle: 95.67; apical: 47.33) and gap concentration (Thirds cervical: 14.67; middle: 15.83; apical: 8.33) compared with CFP and RFP. A significant difference in bond strength was observed between the cervical (1.33 MPa) and middle thirds (1.85 MPa) compared with the apical third (4.85 MPa) of the CFL. A significant difference was observed in the bond strength in the CFL (1.33 MPa) and RFP (3.29 MPa) in the cervical third, which were statistically similar to the bond strength of the CFP. The tensile stress distributions were similar in most structures, localized in the cervical region on the lingual surface. CONCLUSIONS: Structural defects in the interface layer might influence the bond strength and biomechanical behavior under the different fiberglass post cementations.

An alternative 2-step cementation technique to reduce polymerization shrinkage stress in root canals: a case report.

The functional rehabilitation of teeth with endodontic involvement and substantial loss of coronal structure can be a challenging scenario. The use of fiber-reinforced posts (FRPs) promotes retention and supports the restoration. The main cause of failure associated with the use of FRPs is the debonding of the post, mainly due to polymerization contraction or incorporation of voids in the thick resin cement layer during the cementation protocol. This case report describes a simple 2-step cementation technique to reduce polymerization shrinkage of the resin cement and improve the fit of the FRP inside the root canal. In the first cementation step, the FRP is wrapped in a polyvinyl chloride film and placed in the canal, self-curing glass ionomer cement is injected in the canal, and the cement is allowed to cure. In the second cementation step, the FRP is removed from the canal, unwrapped, and tried in the canal again. If it fits correctly, it is removed from the canal, and a self-etching resin cement is mixed and injected into the canal. The post is reinserted, excess resin cement is removed, and the cement is polymerized. This technique reduces the volume of resin cement required in each step and consequently the polymerization contraction stress. The 2-step technique is a simple method and a useful option for flared root canals.

Influence of resin cement thickness and temperature variation on mechanical behavior of dental ceramic fragment restoration.

To evaluate the stress behavior of ceramic fragment restoration, varying the thickness of the cement layer and intraoral temperature variation. A solid model of a upper lateral incisor was obtained and a defect at enamel distal/incisal edge was restored with a ceramic fragment. Based on this initial model, 4 different models (M) were built: M1 - absence of cement layer (CL) (0 µm of thickness); M2 - CL with an uniform thickness of 50 µm; M3 - CL with 50 µm at the margin of ceramics and 100 µm in the inner area far from margins; M4 - CL with 50 µm at the margin of ceramics and 200 µm in the inner area far from margins. The environment temperature changed from 5 °C to 50 °C in 4 increments. The finite element analysis was performed. Increase the cement layer thickness generated higher stress levels on ceramic surface in all temperatures, as well as on cement interface. In general hot temperature was the worst scenario for ceramic fragments integrity, since tensile and compressive stress were more intense. The maximum principal stress on ceramic fragment was found 90 MPa for M4 at 50 °C, followed for M3 (87 Mpa). For CL, the peak of stress was found for M3 at 5 °C (47 MPa). Is it possible to conclude that thick resin cement layer contribute to higher stress concentration on ceramic fragment, and extremely hot temperatures increase the risk of structural failure, since both ceramic and \cl are exposed to higher compressive and tensile stresses.

Minimally Invasive Ceramic Restorations: A Step-by-Step Clinical Approach.

Minimally invasive treatments are a dominant trend in dentistry. Due to the evolution of adhesive materials and ceramics, minimalistic ceramic restorations have been proposed as alternative treatment options to avoid unnecessary tooth reduction. The aim of this article is to show a clinical protocol for the correct diagnosis, treatment planning, and execution of minimally invasive ceramic veneers. Requiring only slight tooth preparation, this conservative technique is well-suited for restoration of teeth that need color and shape modification. The present clinical case demonstrates immediate success in restoring patient esthetics, function, and, in turn, self-esteem. After 2.5 years all veneers were still in exceptional condition and periodontal tissue was healthy. Minimally invasive ceramic restoration is shown to be an excellent option for conservative restorative treatment.

Sealing the Screw Access Channel with Polytetrafluoroethylene Tape: Advantages of the Technique.

The aim of this article is to describe the procedure for sealing the screw access channel using plastic tape, polytetrafluoroethylene, in screw- or cement-retained implant-supported prostheses. This technique is viable and easily performed, and the functional and esthetic results are satisfactory.

Effect of time and ultrasonic activation on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on smear layer removal of the root canal.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of time and the ultrasonic activation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in removing the smear layer of at root canal. A total of 60 bovine inferior incisors were transversely sectioned and instrumented; A smear layer was added in the root dentin surface. The specimen were then divided into six groups according to the following final irrigation protocols: Group (G) 1: conventional irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G2: conventional irrigation with NaOCl + EDTA for 20 s; G3: conventional irrigation with NaOCl + EDTA for 60 s; G4: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with NaOCl; G5: PUI with NaOCl + PUI with EDTA for 20 s; G6: PUI + NaOCl and PUI with EDTA for 60 s. Samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) at ×500 increase. The images were measured by three blinded evaluators and classified in scores ranging from 1 to 5. The results were analyzed by the Pearson correlation test and the ANOVA nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were used for the comparisons. Irrigated samples only with NaOCl (G1 and G4) had higher scores when compared with other groups. G5 and G6, irrigated with 17% EDTA and ultrasonic irrigation had lower scores. However, there was no statistically significant difference in G2 and G3, where there was no irrigation. It was concluded that irrigation with 17% EDTA for 20 s promoted the effective removal of smear layer, regardless of ultrasonic irrigation.

Clinical Comparison of At-Home and In-Office Dental Bleaching Procedures: A Randomized Trial of a Split-Mouth Design.

The objective of this split-mouth clinical study was to compare a combination of in-office and at-home dental bleaching with at-home bleaching alone. Two applications of in-office bleaching were performed, with one appointment per week, using 38% hydrogen peroxide. At-home bleaching was performed with or without in-office bleaching using 10% carbamide peroxide in a custom-made tray every night for 2 weeks. The factor studied was the bleaching technique on two levels: Technique 1 (in-office bleaching combined with home bleaching) and Technique 2 (home bleaching only). The response variables were color change, dental sensitivity, morphology, and surface roughness. The maxillary right and left hemiarches of the participants were submitted to in-office placebo treatment and in-office bleaching, respectively (Phase 1), and at-home bleaching (Phase 2) treatment was performed on both hemiarches, characterizing a split-mouth design. Enamel surface changes and roughness were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and optical interferometry using epoxy replicas. No statistically significant differences were observed between the bleaching techniques for either the visual or the digital analyses. There was a significant difference in dental sensitivity when both dental bleaching techniques were used, with in-office bleaching producing the highest levels of dental sensitivity after the baseline. Microscopic analysis of the morphology and roughness of the enamel surface showed no significant changes between the bleaching techniques. The two techniques produced similar results in color change, and the combination technique produced the highest levels of sensitivity. Neither technique promoted changes in morphology or surface roughness of enamel.

Zirconia-based dental crown to support a removable partial denture: a three-dimensional finite element analysis using contact elements and micro-CT data.

Veneer fracture is the most common complication in zirconia-based restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of a zirconia-based crown in a lower canine tooth supporting removable partial denture (RPD) prosthesis, varying the bond quality of the veneer/coping interface. Microtomography (µCT) data of an extracted left lower canine were used to build the finite element model (M) varying the core material (gold core - MAu; zirconia core - MZi) and the quality of the veneer/core interface (complete bonded - MZi; incomplete bonded - MZi-NL). The incomplete bonding condition was only applied for zirconia coping by using contact elements (Target/Contact) with 0.3 frictional coefficients. Stress fields were obtained using Ansys Workbench 10.0. The loading condition (L = 1 N) was vertically applied at the base of the RPD prosthesis metallic support towards the dental apex. Maximum principal (σmax) and von Mises equivalent (σvM) stresses were obtained. The σmax (MPa) for the bonded condition was similar between gold and zirconia cores (MAu, 0.42; MZi, 0.40). The incomplete bonded condition (MZi-NL) raised σmax in the veneer up to 800% (3.23 MPa) in contrast to the bonded condition. The peak of σvM increased up to 270% in the MZi-NL. The incomplete bond condition increasing the stress in the veneer/zirconia interface.

Effect of long-term storage on nanomechanical and morphological properties of dentin-adhesive interfaces.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the influence of storage time on the elastic modulus, micromorphology, nanoleakage, and micromechanical behavior of the dentin-adhesive interfaces of five adhesive systems (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, Clearfil SE Bond, One Up Bond F, Adper Easy One, and Filtek LS Adhesive) after 24h (T0) and 12 months (T1). METHODS: Fifty teeth were restored and distributed according to each adhesive system (n=10). At least four specimens were obtained from each tooth. One specimen was evaluated under SEM to obtain the micromorphology of dentin-adhesive interface (DAI). Two specimens were used to assess nanoleakage, one tested in T0 and the other in T1. The last specimen was used for nanoindentation, in T0 and T1, to obtain the initial and final mechanical properties of DAI structures. Two non-restored teeth were evaluated under SEM to obtain the dentin morphology. Laboratorial data were used to build 15 finite element models to assess the maximum principal stress in each time of analysis. RESULTS: Storage resulted in hydrolysis of the dentin-adhesive interfaces for all groups. Silver impregnation increased for all groups after 1 year storage (p<.05), except for Clearfil SE Bond. In general, a decrease in elastic modulus values was observed for all groups from T0 to T1 (p<.05), mainly at the hybrid layer. The FEAs showed higher stress levels at T1 than T0 simulations for all adhesives. CONCLUSION: At T1, degradation occurred at the dentin-adhesive interface formed by all adhesives, and the intensity of degradation differed depending on the type of adhesive system used. The interface formed by the self-etching primer containing the 10-MDP functional monomer showed the highest stability among the adhesive systems after 12 months of storage.

Effect of abutment screw surface treatment on reliability of implant-supported crowns.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the reliability of implant-supported single crowns cemented onto abutments retained with coated (C) or noncoated (NC) screws and onto platform-switched abutments with coated screws. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four implants (DT Implant 4-mm Standard Platform, Intra-Lock International) were divided into three groups (n = 18 each) as follows: matching-platform abutments secured with noncoated abutment screws (MNC); matching-platform abutments tightened with coated abutment screws (MC); and switched-platform abutments secured with coated abutment screws (SC). Screws were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The specimens were subjected to step-stress accelerated life testing. Use-level probability Weibull curves and reliability for 100,000 cycles at 200 N and 300 N (90% two-sided confidence intervals) were calculated. Polarized light and scanning electron microscopes were used for fractographic analysis. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopy revealed differences in surface texture; noncoated screws presented the typical machining grooves texture, whereas coated screws presented a plastically deformed surface layer. XPS revealed the same base components for both screws, with the exception of higher degrees of silicon in the SiO2 form for the coated samples. For 100,000 cycles at 300 N, reliability values were 0.06 (0.01 to 0.16), 0.25 (0.09 to 0.45), and 0.25 (0.08 to 0.45), for MNC, MC, and SC, respectively. The most common failure mechanism for MNC was fracture of the abutment screw, followed by bending, or its fracture, along with fracture of the abutment or implant. Coated abutment screws most commonly fractured along with the abutment, irrespective of abutment type. CONCLUSION: Reliability was higher for both groups with the coated screw than with the uncoated screw. Failure modes differed between coated and uncoated groups.

Stress distribution on dentin-cement-post interface varying root canal and glass fiber post diameters. A three-dimensional finite element analysis based on micro-CT data

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of root canal and glass fiber post diameters on the biomechanical behavior of the dentin/cement/post interface of a root-filled tooth using 3D finite element analysis. Material and Methods: Six models were built using micro-CT imaging data and SolidWorks 2007 software, varying the root canal (C) and the glass fiber post (P) diameters: C1P1-C=1 mm and P=1 mm; C2P1-C=2 mm and P=1 mm; C2P2-C=2 mm and P=2 mm; C3P1-C=3 mm and P=1 mm; C3P2-C=3 mm and P=2 mm; and C3P3-C=3 mm and P=3 mm. The numerical analysis was conducted with ANSYS Workbench 10.0. An oblique force (180 N at 45º) was applied to the palatal surface of the central incisor. The periodontal ligament surface was constrained on the three axes (x=y=z=0). Maximum principal stress (σmax) values were evaluated for the root dentin, cement layer, and glass fiber post. Results: The most evident stress was observed in the glass fiber post at C3P1 (323 MPa), and the maximum stress in the cement layer occurred at C1P1 (43.2 MPa). The stress on the root dentin was almost constant in all models with a peak in tension at C2P1 (64.5 MPa). CONCLUSION: The greatest discrepancy between root canal and post diameters is favorable for stress concentration at the post surface. The dentin remaining after the various root canal preparations did not increase the stress levels on the root. .

Mineral loss and color change of enamel after bleaching and staining solutions combination.

Pigments of food and beverages could affect dental bleaching efficacy. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate color change and mineral loss of tooth enamel as well as the influence of staining solutions normally used by adolescent patients undergoing home bleaching. Initial hardness and baseline color were measured on enamel blocks. Specimens were divided into five groups (n=5): G1 (control) specimens were kept in artificial saliva throughout the experiment (3 weeks); G2 enamel was exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide for 6 h daily, and after this period, the teeth were cleaned and stored in artificial saliva until the next bleaching session; and G3, G4, and G5 received the same treatments as G2, but after bleaching, they were stored for 1 h in cola soft drink, melted chocolate, or red wine, respectively. Mineral loss was obtained by the percentage of hardness reduction, and color change was determined by the difference between the data obtained before and after treatments. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Fisher's test (α=0.05). G3 and G5 showed higher mineral loss (92.96 ± 5.50 and 94.46 ± 1.00, respectively) compared to the other groups (p ≤ 0.05). G5 showed high-color change (9.34 ± 2.90), whereas G1 presented lower color change (2.22 ± 0.44) (p ≤ 0.05). Acidic drinks cause mineral loss of the enamel, which could modify the surface and reduce staining resistance after bleaching.

Stress distribution on dentin-cement-post interface varying root canal and glass fiber post diameters. A three-dimensional finite element analysis based on micro-CT data.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of root canal and glass fiber post diameters on the biomechanical behavior of the dentin/cement/post interface of a root-filled tooth using 3D finite element analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six models were built using micro-CT imaging data and SolidWorks 2007 software, varying the root canal (C) and the glass fiber post (P) diameters: C1P1-C=1 mm and P=1 mm; C2P1-C=2 mm and P=1 mm; C2P2-C=2 mm and P=2 mm; C3P1-C=3 mm and P=1 mm; C3P2-C=3 mm and P=2 mm; and C3P3-C=3 mm and P=3 mm. The numerical analysis was conducted with ANSYS Workbench 10.0. An oblique force (180 N at 45º) was applied to the palatal surface of the central incisor. The periodontal ligament surface was constrained on the three axes (x=y=z=0). Maximum principal stress (σ(max)) values were evaluated for the root dentin, cement layer, and glass fiber post. RESULTS: The most evident stress was observed in the glass fiber post at C3P1 (323 MPa), and the maximum stress in the cement layer occurred at C1P1 (43.2 MPa). The stress on the root dentin was almost constant in all models with a peak in tension at C2P1 (64.5 MPa). CONCLUSION: The greatest discrepancy between root canal and post diameters is favorable for stress concentration at the post surface. The dentin remaining after the various root canal preparations did not increase the stress levels on the root.

Influence of platform and abutment angulation on peri-implant bone. A three-dimensional finite element stress analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate stress distribution on the peri-implant bone, simulating the influence of Nobel Select implants with straight or angulated abutments on regular and switching platform in the anterior maxilla, by means of 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Four mathematical models of a central incisor supported by external hexagon implant (13 mm × 5 mm) were created varying the platform (R, regular or S, switching) and the abutments (S, straight or A, angulated 15°). The models were created by using Mimics 13 and Solid Works 2010 software programs. The numerical analysis was performed using ANSYS Workbench 10.0. Oblique forces (100 N) were applied to the palatine surface of the central incisor. The bone/implant interface was considered perfectly integrated. Maximum (σmax) and minimum (σmin) principal stress values were obtained. For the cortical bone the highest stress values (σmax) were observed in the RA (regular platform and angulated abutment, 51 MPa), followed by SA (platform switching and angulated abutment, 44.8 MPa), RS (regular platform and straight abutment, 38.6 MPa) and SS (platform switching and straight abutment, 36.5 MPa). For the trabecular bone, the highest stress values (σmax) were observed in the RA (6.55 MPa), followed by RS (5.88 MPa), SA (5.60 MPa), and SS (4.82 MPa). The regular platform generated higher stress in the cervical periimplant region on the cortical and trabecular bone than the platform switching, irrespective of the abutment used (straight or angulated).

Regular and switching platform: bone stress analysis with varying implant diameter.

The aim of this study was to evaluate stress distribution of the peri-implant bone by simulating the biomechanical influence of implants with different diameters of regular or platform switched connections by means of 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Five mathematical models of an implant-supported central incisor were created by varying the diameter (5.5 and 4.5 mm, internal hexagon) and abutment platform (regular and platform switched). For the cortical bone, the highest stress values (σmax and σvm) were observed in situation R1, followed by situations S1, R2, S3, and S2. For the trabecular bone, the highest stress values (σmax) were observed in situation S3, followed by situations R1, S1, R2, and S2. The influence of platform switching was more evident for cortical bone than for trabecular bone and was mainly seen in large platform diameter reduction.

Avaliação das propriedades nanomecânicas e do comportamento micromecânico da interface dentina/adesivo antes e após a degradação hidrolítica: análises através de nanoindentação e método dos elementos finitos tridimensional / Nanomechanical properties and micromechanical evaluation of dentin/adhesive interface after hydrolytic degradation: a nanoindentation and tridimensional finite element analyses

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a morfologia, a nanoinfiltração, o módulo de elasticidade e o comportamento micromecânico da interface dentina-adesivo (d-a) de espécimes submetidos à degradação, 24 horas após os procedimentos restauradores (T0), e 12 meses após armazenamento em solução de Hanks (T1). MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Cinco sistemas adesivos foram utilizados: SBMU – ScotchBond Multi-Uso; CSEB – Clearfil SE Bond; OUB – One-Up-Bond F; AEO – Adper Easy One; P90 – Adesivo autocondicionante P90. Cinquenta e dois terceiros molares humanos hígidos foram utilizados, 10 para cada grupo (n=10). Dois dentes foram utilizados para a análise da dentina. A espessura da CH e do adesivo, e o comprimentos dos tags foram mensurados no microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). A nanoinfiltração na interface d-a foi avaliada em T0 e T1 através do MEV. Quinze indentações foram feitas em cada estrutura da interface d-a para cada tempo de análise, para se obter o módulo de elasticidade. Cinco modelos de um espécime em dentina, restaurado com resina composta (41x41x82 μm), com dimensões e módulo de elasticidade baseados nos testes laboratorais, foram elaborados utilizando o programa SolidWorks 2010, representando os grupos em uma situação de união ideal, e para os 2 tempos de análise (T0 e T1). Utilizou-se o programa de elementos finitos foi utilizado (AnsysWorkbench 14.0) para obtenção da tensão máxima principal. O teste Anova e post-hoc Teste-T, empregando-se modelos lineares mistos foram usados para verificar a diferença estatística no teste de nanoinfiltração e nanoindentação. O teste de Anova e HolmSidak foi utilizado para análise das dimensões. RESULTADOS: A CH mais espessa e os tags mais longos ocorreram para o SBMU (p<0,05). Houve redução no módulo de elasticidade da CH e dentina de T0 para T1 em todos os grupos (p<0,05). Não houve redução no módulo de elasticidade no adesivo do SBMU e P90 (p>0,05). Ocorreu aumento da nanoinfiltração de T0 para T1 em todos os grupos (p<0,05), exceto...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the morphology, nanoleakage, elastic modulus and micromechanical behavior of dentin-adhesive (d-a) interface of specimens subjected to degradation, 24 hours after restorative procedures (T0) and 12 months after storage in Hanks’ solution (T1). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five adhesive systems were used (5 groups): SBMP – Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; CSEB – Clearfil SE Bond; OUB – One-Up Bond F-; AEO – Adper Easy One; P90 – Self-etching adhesive P90. Fifty two human sound third molars were used, 10 teeth for each group (n=10). The other two teeth were used to analysis the dentin morphology. At least 4 fragments of d-a interface (specimens) were obtained in mesio-distal direction from each tooth. Fifteen indentations were done for each structure in each time of analysis. Five models of dentin restored with composite resin (41x41x82 mm) were built using the software SolidWorks 2010, representing the groups analyzed in the laboratory tests in an ideal scenario. Other two models per group were built simulating the two times of analysis (T0 and T1). The dimensions and mechanical properties of the models followed the data obtained in the laboratory tests. The numerical analysis was performed using the finite element (AnsysWorkbench 14.0) to obtain the maximum principal stress. Two-way Anova linear mixed models and post-hoc T-test were used to determine the statistical significance from nanoindentation and nanoleakage tests. The test One-way ANOVA and HolmSidak (p <0.05) were used for analysis of the SEM measurements. RESULTS: The thickest hybrid layer and bigger tags were found for SBMU (p<0.05). There were decrease in elastic modulus for HL and dentin for all groups (p<0.05). There were no decrease in elastic modulus on adhesive layer for SBMU and P90 (p>0.05). There increase of nanoleakage between T0 and T1 for all groups (p<0.05), except for CSEB (p>0,05). The stress levels increase from T0 to T1, and the Hl in contact wirt peritubular dentin was...

Avaliação das propriedades nanomecânicas e do comportamento micromecânico da interface dentina/adesivo antes e após a degradação hidrolítica: análises através de nanoindentação e método dos elementos finitos tridimensional / Nanomechanical properties and micromechanical evaluation of dentin/adhesive interface after hydrolytic degradation: a nanoindentation and tridimensional finite element analyses

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a morfologia, a nanoinfiltração, o módulo de elasticidade e o comportamento micromecânico da interface dentina-adesivo (d-a) de espécimes submetidos à degradação, 24 horas após os procedimentos restauradores (T0), e 12 meses após armazenamento em solução de Hanks (T1). MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Cinco sistemas adesivos foram utilizados: SBMU – ScotchBond Multi-Uso; CSEB – Clearfil SE Bond; OUB – One-Up-Bond F; AEO – Adper Easy One; P90 – Adesivo autocondicionante P90. Cinquenta e dois terceiros molares humanos hígidos foram utilizados, 10 para cada grupo (n=10). Dois dentes foram utilizados para a análise da dentina. A espessura da CH e do adesivo, e o comprimentos dos tags foram mensurados no microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). A nanoinfiltração na interface d-a foi avaliada em T0 e T1 através do MEV. Quinze indentações foram feitas em cada estrutura da interface d-a para cada tempo de análise, para se obter o módulo de elasticidade. Cinco modelos de um espécime em dentina, restaurado com resina composta (41x41x82 μm), com dimensões e módulo de elasticidade baseados nos testes laboratorais, foram elaborados utilizando o programa SolidWorks 2010, representando os grupos em uma situação de união ideal, e para os 2 tempos de análise (T0 e T1). Utilizou-se o programa de elementos finitos foi utilizado (AnsysWorkbench 14.0) para obtenção da tensão máxima principal. O teste Anova e post-hoc Teste-T, empregando-se modelos lineares mistos foram usados para verificar a diferença estatística no teste de nanoinfiltração e nanoindentação. O teste de Anova e HolmSidak foi utilizado para análise das dimensões. RESULTADOS: A CH mais espessa e os tags mais longos ocorreram para o SBMU (p<0,05). Houve redução no módulo de elasticidade da CH e dentina de T0 para T1 em todos os grupos (p<0,05). Não houve redução no módulo de elasticidade no adesivo do SBMU e P90 (p>0,05). Ocorreu aumento da nanoinfiltração de T0 para T1 em todos os grupos (p<0,05), exceto...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the morphology, nanoleakage, elastic modulus and micromechanical behavior of dentin-adhesive (d-a) interface of specimens subjected to degradation, 24 hours after restorative procedures (T0) and 12 months after storage in Hanks’ solution (T1). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five adhesive systems were used (5 groups): SBMP – Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; CSEB – Clearfil SE Bond; OUB – One-Up Bond F-; AEO – Adper Easy One; P90 – Self-etching adhesive P90. Fifty two human sound third molars were used, 10 teeth for each group (n=10). The other two teeth were used to analysis the dentin morphology. At least 4 fragments of d-a interface (specimens) were obtained in mesio-distal direction from each tooth. Fifteen indentations were done for each structure in each time of analysis. Five models of dentin restored with composite resin (41x41x82 mm) were built using the software SolidWorks 2010, representing the groups analyzed in the laboratory tests in an ideal scenario. Other two models per group were built simulating the two times of analysis (T0 and T1). The dimensions and mechanical properties of the models followed the data obtained in the laboratory tests. The numerical analysis was performed using the finite element (AnsysWorkbench 14.0) to obtain the maximum principal stress. Two-way Anova linear mixed models and post-hoc T-test were used to determine the statistical significance from nanoindentation and nanoleakage tests. The test One-way ANOVA and HolmSidak (p <0.05) were used for analysis of the SEM measurements. RESULTS: The thickest hybrid layer and bigger tags were found for SBMU (p<0.05). There were decrease in elastic modulus for HL and dentin for all groups (p<0.05). There were no decrease in elastic modulus on adhesive layer for SBMU and P90 (p>0.05). There increase of nanoleakage between T0 and T1 for all groups (p<0.05), except for CSEB (p>0,05). The stress levels increase from T0 to T1, and the Hl in contact wirt peritubular dentin was...

Registro do perfil de emergência para mimetização dos dentes naturais na região estética / Emergence profile registration to mimic natural teeth in the esthetic region

Introdução: o tratamento com implantes dentários para a reposição de dentes na região estética exige a utilização de materiais e técncias que permitam o máximo de naturalidade entre a restauração, os dentes vizinhos e to tecido gengival. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário criar o correto perfil de emergência para o dente, assim como a utilização de materiais com alto potencial estético. Objetivo: o objetivo do presente trabalho foi ilustrar, através de um caso clínico, a utilização de moldagem para a correta cópia do perfil de emergência do dente e sua transferência para o modelo de trabalho, tornando possível a confecção de uma restauração totalmente cerâmica, perfeitamente integrada ao tecido gengival. Caso clínico: paciente de 30 anos, procurou a clínica de prótese dentária com desejo de melhorar a estética dos dentes. Após diagnóstico e planejamento, foram confeccionadas 2 coroas totalmente cerâmcias sobre os dentes 12 e 21, e confecção de 1 coroa cerâmica sobre um pilar de zircônia após o estabelecimento e registro do perfil de emrgência do dente 11. Conclusão: após a conclusão do trtamento, observou-se naturalidade, estética e perfeita integração entre as restaurações, os dentes remanescentes e o tecido gengival.

Introduction: The treatment with dental implants for tooth replacement in esthetic regions requires the use of esthetic materials and techniques that allow natural restorations among the neighboring teeth and gingival tissue. Thus, it is necessary to create the proper emergence profile for the tooth, as well as the use of materials with high esthetic potential. Objective: The objective of this study was to illustrate through a clinical case using a impression technique for the correct copy of the emergence profile of the tooth, and its transfer to the working model, making possible the creation of an all-ceramic restoration perfectly integrated with the gingival tissue. Clinical case: The 30 years-old patient went to the dental clinic with the desire to improve the esthetics of her teeth. After diagnosis and planning were made two all-ceramic crowns on right lateral incisor (#12) and left central incisor (#21). Furthermore, it was made a ceramic crown on a zirconia based abutment after the creation and registration of the emergency profile of the right central incisor (#11). Conclusion: After finished the treatment it was observed naturalness, esthetics and seamless integration between the restorations, the remaining teeth and gingival tissue.

Periodontal ligament influence on the stress distribution in a removable partial denture supported by implant: a finite element analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The non-homogenous aspect of periodontal ligament (PDL) has been examined using finite element analysis (FEA) to better simulate PDL behavior. The aim of this study was to assess, by 2-D FEA, the influence of non-homogenous PDL on the stress distribution when the free-end saddle removable partial denture (RPD) is partially supported by an osseointegrated implant. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six finite element (FE) models of a partially edentulous mandible were created to represent two types of PDL (non-homogenous and homogenous) and two types of RPD (conventional RPD, supported by tooth and fibromucosa; and modified RPD, supported by tooth and implant [10.00x3.75 mm]). Two additional Fe models without RPD were used as control models. The non-homogenous PDL was modeled using beam elements to simulate the crest, horizontal, oblique and apical fibers. The load (50 N) was applied in each cusp simultaneously. Regarding boundary conditions the border of alveolar ridge was fixed along the x axis. The FE software (Ansys 10.0) was used to compute the stress fields, and the von Mises stress criterion (svM) was applied to analyze the results. RESULTS: The peak of svM in non-homogenous PDL was higher than that for the homogenous condition. The benefits of implants were enhanced for the non-homogenous PDL condition, with drastic svM reduction on the posterior half of the alveolar ridge. The implant did not reduce the stress on the support tooth for both PDL conditions. CONCLUSION: The PDL modeled in the non-homogeneous form increased the benefits of the osseointegrated implant in comparison with the homogeneous condition. Using the non-homogenous PDL, the presence of osseointegrated implant did not reduce the stress on the supporting tooth.

Periodontal ligament influence on the stress distribution in a removable partial denture supported by implant: a finite element analysis

OBJECTIVES: The non-homogenous aspect of periodontal ligament (PDL) has been examined using finite element analysis (FEA) to better simulate PDL behavior. The aim of this study was to assess, by 2-D FEA, the influence of non-homogenous PDL on the stress distribution when the free-end saddle removable partial denture (RPD) is partially supported by an osseointegrated implant. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six finite element (FE) models of a partially edentulous mandible were created to represent two types of PDL (non-homogenous and homogenous) and two types of RPD (conventional RPD, supported by tooth and fibromucosa; and modified RPD, supported by tooth and implant [10.00x3.75 mm]). Two additional Fe models without RPD were used as control models. The non-homogenous PDL was modeled using beam elements to simulate the crest, horizontal, oblique and apical fibers. The load (50 N) was applied in each cusp simultaneously. Regarding boundary conditions the border of alveolar ridge was fixed along the x axis. The FE software (Ansys 10.0) was used to compute the stress fields, and the von Mises stress criterion (svM) was applied to analyze the results. RESULTS: The peak of svM in non-homogenous PDL was higher than that for the homogenous condition. The benefits of implants were enhanced for the non-homogenous PDL condition, with drastic svM reduction on the posterior half of the alveolar ridge. The implant did not reduce the stress on the support tooth for both PDL conditions. Conclusion: The PDL modeled in the non-homogeneous form increased the benefits of the osseointegrated implant in comparison with the homogeneous condition. Using the non-homogenous PDL, the presence of osseointegrated implant did not reduce the stress on the supporting tooth.