Evaluation of the osmoregulatory capacity and three stress biomarkers in white shrimp Penaeus vannamei exposed to different temperature and salinity conditions: Na+/K+ ATPase, Heat Shock Proteins (HSP), and Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormones (CHHs).

Salinity and temperature influence growth, survival, and reproduction of crustacean species such as Penaeus vannamei where Na +/K+-ATPase plays a key role in maintaining osmotic homeostasis in different salinity conditions. This ability is suggested to be mediated by other proteins including neuropeptides such as the crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (CHHs), and heat shock proteins (HSPs). The mRNA expression of Na+/K+-ATPase, HSP60, HSP70, CHH-A, and CHH-B1, was analyzed by qPCR in shrimp acclimated to different salinities (10, 26, and 40 PSU) and temperature conditions (20, 23, 26, 29, and 32 °C) to evaluate their uses as molecular stress biomarkers. The results showed that the hemolymph osmoregulatory capacity in shrimp changed with exposure to the different salinities. From 26 to 32 °C the Na+/K+-ATPase expression increased significantly at 10 PSU relative to shrimp acclimated at 26 PSU and at 20 °C increased at similar values independently of salinity. The highest HSP expression levels were obtained by HSP70 at 20 °C, suggesting a role in protecting proteins such as Na+/K+ -ATPase under low-temperature and salinity conditions. CHH-A was not expressed in the gill under any condition, but CHH-B1 showed the highest expression at the lowest temperatures and salinities, suggesting its participation in the Na+/K+-ATPase induction. Since Na+/K+-ATPase, HSPs, and CHHs seem to participate in maintaining the osmo-ionic balance and homeostasis in P. vannamei, their expression levels may be used as a stress biomarkers to monitor marine crustacean health status when acclimated in low salinity and temperature conditions.

Integrated SOAs enable energy-efficient intra-data center coherent links.

Coherent optical links are becoming increasingly attractive for intra-data center applications as data rates scale. Realizing the era of high-volume short-reach coherent links will require substantial improvements in transceiver cost and power efficiency, necessitating a reassessment of conventional architectures best-suited for longer-reach links and a review of assumptions for shorter-reach implementations. In this work, we analyze the impact of integrated semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) on link performance and power consumption, and describe the optimal design spaces for low-cost and energy-efficient coherent links. Placing SOAs after the modulator provide the most energy-efficient link budget improvement, up to 6 pJ/bit for large link budgets, despite any penalties from nonlinear impairments. Increased robustness to SOA nonlinearities makes QPSK-based coherent links especially attractive, and larger supported link budgets enable the inclusion of optical switches, which could revolutionize data center networks and improve overall energy efficiency.

Geographic variation in the life history of lane snapper Lutjanus synagris, with new insights from the warm edge of its distribution.

Research on life-history variations in widely distributed fish species is needed to understand global warming impacts on populations and to improve fisheries management advice. The lane snapper Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, 1758) is commercially important to fisheries in the Western Central Atlantic, where spread information on its life-history traits is available. We studied growth, age, reproduction and mortality of lane snapper in the Guatemalan Caribbean, the warmest part of its distribution range, and collated the new information with published data in a latitudinal analysis extending between 18°S and 30°N. Longevity was estimated at 11 years, and von Bertalanffy growth parameters were asymptotic length (Linf) 45.6 and 42.2 cm for females and males, respectively, the growth coefficient (K) was 0.1 year-1 and the theoretical age at zero length (t0 ) was -4.4 years. Lane snapper grew slowest in April, prior to the rainy season, and at the onset of the reproductive season, which lasted from May to October. Fifty percent of female and male lane snappers matured at 23 and 17 cm, corresponding to 3.5 and 2.4 years of age respectively. A regional multivariate analysis found seawater temperature to be an important driver of life-history variation. Lane snapper lifespan was shorter at the warm edge of its distribution range, and maximum size and peak reproductive investment were negatively related to sea surface temperature. The trade-offs in lane snapper life-history traits and phenology likely enhance its fitness to differing environments. Interpolation from the present regional estimates to less-studied regions of the Caribbean is useful for preliminary understanding of reaction norms and harvest potentials.

Evidence of separate influence of moon and sun on light synchronization of mussel's daily rhythm during the polar night.

Marine organisms living at high latitudes are faced with a light climate that undergoes drastic annual changes, especially during the polar night (PN) when the sun remains below the horizon for months. This raises the question of a possible synchronization and entrainment of biological rhythms under the governance of light at very low intensities. We analyzed the rhythms of the mussel Mytilus sp. during PN. We show that (1) mussels expressed a rhythmic behavior during PN; (2) a monthly moonlight rhythm was expressed; (3) a daily rhythm was expressed and influenced by both sunlight and moonlight; and (4) depending on the different times of PN and moon cycle characteristics, we were able to discriminate whether the moon or the sun synchronize the daily rhythm. Our findings fuel the idea that the capability of moonlight to synchronize daily rhythms when sunlight is not sufficient would be a crucial advantage during PN.

Socialización organizacional y salud mental positiva ocupacional como predictores del compromiso organizacional en docentes de educación superior / Organizational socialization and positive occupational mental health as predictors of organizational commitment in higher education teachers

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el carácter predictivo de la socialización organizacional y la salud mental positiva ocupacional sobre el compromiso organizacional en docentes de educación superior. Se contó con una muestra de 279 docentes de instituciones de educación superior que firmaron un consentimiento informado. El 54.5 % de los participantes eran mujeres, con una media de edad de 44.05 años (DE = 10.26). Los participantes respondieron el Inventario de Socialización Organizacional (ISO), el Cuestionario de Salud Mental Positiva Ocupacional (SMPO) y la Escala de Compromiso Organizacional (CO), y para el análisis de datos se aplicaron estadísticos descriptivos, un análisis de correlación y una regresión lineal múltiple con método de pasos sucesivos, ingresando por separado cada dimensión del compromiso organizacional como variable dependiente. Como resultado, se identificaron correlaciones de moderadas a débiles entre las variables de estudio, y se encontró que los modelos finales indican que las dimensiones de perspectivas de futuro y socioafectiva predicen en un 38 % el compromiso afectivo; que las perspectivas de futuro, la espiritualidad y la edad predicen en un 22.8 % el compromiso normativo; y que la dimensión perspectivas de futuro predice en un 9.2 % el compromiso de continuidad. Concluimos que las expectativas del docente sobre su desarrollo en la institución, así como sus interacciones a nivel socioafectivo y espiritual con el contexto laboral, son factores que influyen parcialmente en su vinculación con la organización educativa.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the predictive character of organizational socialization and occupational positive mental health on organizational commitment in higher education teachers. A sample of 279 teachers from higher education institutions who signed an informed consent form was used. Fifty-four point five percent of the participants were women, with a mean age of 44.05 years (SD = 10.26). The participants completed the Organizational Socialization Inventory (ISO), the Positive Occupational Mental Health Questionnaire (SMPO) and the Organizational Commitment Scale (OC), and for data analysis descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression with stepwise method were applied, entering each dimension of organizational commitment separately as a dependent variable. As a result, moderate to weak correlations were identified between the study variables, and it was found that the final models indicate that the future perspectives and socio-affective dimensions predict affective commitment by 38%; that future perspectives, spirituality and age predict normative commitment by 22.8%; and that the future perspectives dimension predicts commitment of continuity by 9.2%. It is concluded that teachers' expectations about their development in the institution, as well as their interactions at the socio-affective and spiritual level with the work context, are factors that partially influence their attachment to the educational organization.

Autonomous Surface and Underwater Vehicles as Effective Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Platforms in the Arctic-The Glider Project.

Effective ocean management requires integrated and sustainable ocean observing systems enabling us to map and understand ecosystem properties and the effects of human activities. Autonomous subsurface and surface vehicles, here collectively referred to as "gliders", are part of such ocean observing systems providing high spatiotemporal resolution. In this paper, we present some of the results achieved through the project "Unmanned ocean vehicles, a flexible and cost-efficient offshore monitoring and data management approach-GLIDER". In this project, three autonomous surface and underwater vehicles were deployed along the Lofoten-Vesterålen (LoVe) shelf-slope-oceanic system, in Arctic Norway. The aim of this effort was to test whether gliders equipped with novel sensors could effectively perform ecosystem surveys by recording physical, biogeochemical, and biological data simultaneously. From March to September 2018, a period of high biological activity in the area, the gliders were able to record a set of environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, and oxygen, map the spatiotemporal distribution of zooplankton, and record cetacean vocalizations and anthropogenic noise. A subset of these parameters was effectively employed in near-real-time data assimilative ocean circulation models, improving their local predictive skills. The results presented here demonstrate that autonomous gliders can be effective long-term, remote, noninvasive ecosystem monitoring and research platforms capable of operating in high-latitude marine ecosystems. Accordingly, these platforms can record high-quality baseline environmental data in areas where extractive activities are planned and provide much-needed information for operational and management purposes.

Intrafamily relations and resilience as protectors against depressive symptoms in Mexican high school students / Relaciones intrafamiliares y resiliencia como protectores contra sintomatología depresiva en estudiantes Mexicanos de bachillerato

Abstract Introduction Between 27.3% and 31.5% of adolescents in Mexico may present symptoms of depression. This issue has been studied from both family and resilience perspectives, although few studies have examined their interaction. Objective In this study, we evaluated the influence of intrafamily relations and resilience on depressive symptoms in Mexican high school students, for which an analysis by sex was conducted. Method For this correlation cross-sectional study, we evaluated 511 adolescents using the Revised Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies, the short version of the Intrafamily Relation Evaluation Scale, and the Revised Resilience Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. We performed multiple linear regression analyzes by sex using the stepwise method. Results For young men, the predictor variables were expression, difficulties, and problem-solving (R2a = .34), whereas for young women the variables were union and support, difficulties, and empathy (R2a = .25). Discussion and conclusion This study indicates specific aspects of intrafamily relations and resilience to develop sex-sensitive interventions to prevent depression in high school students.

Resumen Introducción Entre el 27.3 y el 31.5% de los adolescentes en México podrían presentar síntomas de depresión. Esta problemática se ha abordado desde una perspectiva de la familia y de la resiliencia, aunque pocos estudios incorporan su interacción. Objetivo En este estudio evaluamos la influencia de las relaciones intrafamiliares y la resiliencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en estudiantes mexicanos de bachillerato, para lo cual se realizaron análisis por sexo. Método Para este estudio transversal correlacional, evaluamos a 511 adolescentes usando la Escala de Depresión Revisada del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos, la versión breve de la Escala de Relaciones Intrafamiliares y el Cuestionario de Resiliencia Revisado para Niños y Adolescentes. Realizamos análisis de regresión lineal múltiple por sexos mediante el método de pasos sucesivos. Resultados Para los hombres, las variables predictoras fueron expresión, dificultades y resolución de problemas (R2a = .34), mientras que para las mujeres fueron unión y apoyo, dificultades, y empatía (R2a = .25). Discusión y conclusión Este estudio indica aspectos específicos de las relaciones intrafamiliares y la resiliencia para desarrollar intervenciones sensibles al sexo para prevenir la depresión en estudiantes de bachillerato.

Distribution and ecology of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the eastern Barents Sea: A review of historical literature.

The polar cod (Boreogadus saida) has a circumpolar distribution and is the most abundant planktivorous fish in the Arctic. Declining sea-ice coverage impacts polar cod directly and also facilitates expansion of human activities in the region leading to increasing anthropogenic pressures on biota. Here we summarize current data and knowledge on polar cod from the Russian sector of the Barents Sea and discuss knowledge needs for the management of polar cod under changing environmental conditions and anthropogenic impacts. We review 36 Russian historical (1935 - 2020) sources of data and knowledge largely unknown to western researchers, in addition to sources already published in the English language. This effort allowed for digitalization and visualization of 69 separate datasets on polar cod ecology, including maturation, fertility, feeding intensity, diet, lipid content, length-weight relationships and seasonal variation in larval size. Our review suggests that polar cod abundances are particularly large in the eastern Barents Sea and adjacent waters. Here, we identify and discuss key knowledge gaps. The review of polar cod in the eastern Barents Sea revealed 1) major variation in the timing and area of polar cod spawning, 2) uncertainty as to what degree the polar cod is dependent on sea ice, 3) deficient knowledge of juvenile (e.g., 0-group) distributions, particularly in the north-eastern Barents Sea, 4) deficient knowledge of the species' genetic structure and spatio-temporal distributions, and 5) insufficient understanding as to whether ongoing environmental change may induce phenological changes affecting the availability of potential food items for polar cod larvae and their match in space and time. Filling these knowledge gaps would provide an important step towards the reliable knowledge base needed in order to perform well-founded management and impact assessment under environmental changes and increasing anthropogenic impacts.

Miomectomía durante el embarazo: leiomioma gigante con degeneración / Miomectomy during pregnancy: giant leiomyoma with degeneration

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Los leiomiomas son los tumores pélvicos más comunes, con múltiples presentaciones clínicas a lo largo de la vida de la mujer. Es inusual que aparezcan durante el embarazo y que ameriten tratamiento quirúrgico, sobre todo por abdomen agudo secundario a degeneración. OBJETIVO: Aportar y exponer el proceso de diagnóstico, tratamiento quirúrgico y desenlace obstétrico en una paciente con un leiomioma gigante con degeneración asociado al embarazo. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 34 años, primigesta, con 22.1 semanas de embarazo. Acudió a Urgencias con abdomen agudo, fiebre y daño ventilatorio secundario a un leiomioma gigante que ocupaba la totalidad del abdomen y comprimía las estructuras abdominales y torácicas. Debido al deterioro clínico se decidió la intervención quirúrgica para extraer los dos miomas: el mayor de 35 x 20 cm y 9150 g. La evolución posoperatoria fue favorable lo mismo que el control prenatal. La finalización del embarazo fue por cesárea electiva a las 38.1 semanas, sin complicaciones maternas ni perinatales. CONCLUSIÓN: La miomectomía durante el embarazo es un procedimiento seguro para disminuir la morbilidad y la mortalidad materna y fetal en casos seleccionados.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Leiomyomas are the most common pelvic tumors, with multiple clinical presentations throughout a woman's life. It is unusual for them to appear during pregnancy and to merit surgical treatment, especially for acute abdomen secondary to degeneration. OBJECTIVE: To provide and expose the process of diagnosis, surgical treatment and obstetric outcome in a patient with a giant leiomyoma with pregnancy-associated degeneration. CLINICAL CASE: A 34-year-old primigravida patient, 22.1 weeks pregnant. She came to the emergency department with acute abdomen, fever and ventilatory impairment secondary to a giant leiomyoma that occupied the entire abdomen and compressed abdominal and thoracic structures. Due to the clinical deterioration, surgery was decided to remove the two fibroids: the larger one measuring 35 x 20 cm and weighing 9150 g. The postoperative evolution was favorable. The postoperative evolution was favorable as well as the prenatal control. The pregnancy was terminated by elective cesarean section at 38.1 weeks, without maternal or perinatal complications. CONCLUSION: Myomectomy during pregnancy is a safe procedure to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in selected cases.

Growth and behaviour of blue mussels, a re-emerging polar resident, follow a strong annual rhythm shaped by the extreme high Arctic light regime.

Polar regions are currently warming at a rate above the global average. One issue of concern is the consequences on biodiversity in relation to the Northward latitudinal shift in distribution of temperate species. In the present study, lasting almost two years, we examined two phenological traits, i.e. the shell growth and behavioural rhythm of a recently re-established species in the high Arctic, the blue mussel Mytilus sp. We compared this with a native species, the Islandic scallop Chlamys islandica. We show marked differences in the examined traits between the two species. In Mytilus sp., a clear annual pattern of shell growth strongly correlated to the valve behaviour rhythmicity, whereas C. islandica exhibited a shell growth pattern with a total absence of annual rhythmicity of behaviour. The shell growth was highly correlated to the photoperiod for the mussels but weaker for the scallops. The water temperature cycle was a very weak parameter to anticipate the phenology traits of both species. This study shows that the new resident in the high Arctic, Mytilus sp., is a highly adaptive species, and therefore a promising bioindicator to study the consequences of biodiversity changes due to global warming.

Rhythms during the polar night: evidence of clock-gene oscillations in the Arctic scallop Chlamys islandica.

Arctic regions are highly impacted by climate change and are characterized by drastic seasonal changes in light intensity and duration with extended periods of permanent light or darkness. Organisms use cyclic variations in light to synchronize daily and seasonal biological rhythms to anticipate cyclic variations in the environment, to control phenology and to maintain fitness. In this study, we investigated the diel biological rhythms of the Arctic scallop, Chlamys islandica, during the autumnal equinox and polar night. Putative circadian clock genes and putative light perception genes were identified in the Arctic scallop. Clock gene expression oscillated in the three tissues studied (gills, muscle, mantle edge). The oscillation of some genes in some tissues shifted from daily to tidal periodicity between the equinox and polar night periods and was associated with valve behaviour. These results are the first evidence of the persistence of clock gene expression oscillations during the polar night and might suggest that functional clockwork could entrain rhythmic behaviours in polar environments.

Elementos que configuran la percepción de seguridad escolar en estudiantes de secundaria / Elements that configure school safety perception in high school students

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los elementos que configuran la percepción de seguridad escolar en estudiantes de secundaria. Se presenta un estudio cualitativo con enfoque sistémico ecológico. Por medio de un muestreo teórico, se incluyeron a 22 estudiantes, 50 % hombres con 12 a 16 años, quienes participaron en un grupo focal, previo consentimiento informado de los padres. Los datos recabados fueron audio grabados; se transcribieron y analizaron con el método de análisis de contenido por medio del programa Maxqda 18. Se identificaron 4 categorías que configuran la percepción de seguridad escolar: 1) condiciones de la escuela (físicas y organizacionales); 2) elementos relacionados con los maestros; 3) elementos relacionados con los compañeros, y 4) elementos relacionados con los padres. Los hallazgos sugieren que las condiciones físicas y organizacionales mantienen un papel importante en la con figuración del sentido de seguridad escolar. Asimismo, la cercanía y apoyo recibido de actores del contexto (maestros, padres y alumnos) promueve una percepción más positiva de la seguridad.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the individual elements that configure the school safety perception in middle school students. We designed a qualitative study, with a systemic and ecological approach. Using a theoretical sampling, we included 22 students, 50% man with an age from 12 to 16 years old, who participated in a focus group, previous informed consent from the parents. The session was videotaped, the data was transcribed and analyzed using content analysis with the program MAXQDA 18. We identified four categories of factors that configure the student's school safety perception: 1) school conditions (physical and organizational); 2) elements related to teachers; 3) elements related to peers; and 4) elements related to parents. The findings suggest that the school´s physical and organizational conditions have an important role in the configuration of the school safety perception. Likewise, the closeness and support received by actors from the school context (teachers, parents and peers) favor a more positive perception of school safety.

Resiliencia y competencias socioemocionales como factor preventivo de ansiedad en mujeres mexicanas / Resilience and socioemotional competences as a preventive factor of anxiety in Mexican women

INTRODUCCIÓN: Epidemiológicamente son las mujeres un grupo vulnerable ante el desarrollo de sintomatología ansiosa, por lo que es importante identificar factores que puedan prevenir este fenómeno. Las competencias socioemocionales y la resiliencia se consideran elementos relacionados con una menor presencia de problemas de salud mental, debido a que favorecen que el individuo se adapte mejor a los cambios y demandas del ambiente. OBJETIVO: Analizar la interacción entre las competencias socioemocionales, la resiliencia y la sintomatología ansiosa en mujeres mexicanas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La muestra estuvo conformada por 350 mujeres con un rango de edad entre los 18 y los 64 años (X¯= 29.87, DT = 13.01) residentes de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara (México). Las participantes respondieron el Inventario de ansiedad rasgo-estado, la escala de Resiliencia para adultos, versión para población mexicana y el Inventario de Competencias Socioemocionales validado en castellano. RESULTADOS: Existe una correlación negativa entre los factores de la resiliencia y las competencias socioemocionales con la sintomatología ansiosa; específicamente la competencia personal, el manejo del estrés, la cohesión familiar y la competencia social pueden predecir la ansiedad como estado. CONCLUSIONES: La resiliencia y el manejo del estrés son factores que pueden prevenir la ansiedad en mujeres. Se discuten los resultados y se sugiere las intervenciones encaminadas a fortalecer las habilidades socioemocionales y la resiliencia en poblaciones femeninas

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiologically, women are a vulnerable group when it comes to anxious symptomatology, which is why it is important to identify aspects that can prevent this phenomenon. Socioemotional competences and resilience are considered elements related to a reduced presence of mental health issues, because they help individuals to adapt better to change and environmental demands. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the interaction between socioemotional competences, resilience and anxiety symptoms in Mexican women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 350 women aged 18 to 64 years (X¯=29.87, D.T.=13.01) currently living in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara (México). Participants responded the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Resilience Scale for Adults and the Emotional Quotient Inventory. RESULTS: There is a negative correlation between resilience and socioemotional skills with anxious symtomatology; specifically, personal competence, stress management, family cohesion and social competence appeared as predictors of state anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Resilience and stress management are factors that can reduce anxiety in women. Results are discussed and interventions aimed at strengthening socioemotional skills and resilience in female population are suggested

Psychometric properties of the Resilience Questionnaire for children and adolescents in Mexican high school students / Propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Resiliência para Crianças e Adolescentes em estudantes mexicanos do Ensino Médio / Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Resiliencia para Niños y Adolescentes en estudiantes mexicanos de bachillerato

Abstract Resilience implies a process of positive adjustment to adverse conditions. The growing interest in their study demands the need for valid and reliable measurement instruments that allow assessments with scientific rigor in different types of populations. The aim of the present research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Resilience Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. 512 students from a high school of the University of Guadalajara, Mexico, participated. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a four-dimensional composition with 18 items than explain 61.18% of the variance, with an excellent level of reliability (a = .90). Through confirmatory factor analysis, the model was corroborated, presenting adequate levels of adjustment. Convergent validity was assessed using Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, obtaining significant positive correlations with the dimensions of resilience. The divergent validity was assessed through the Depression Scale of the Epidemiological Studies Center - Revised, showing significant negative correlations. Results and practical implications are discussed.

Resumo O estudo da resiliência, capacidade que implica um processo de adaptação positiva às condições de adversidade, passou por um crescente interesse nos últimos anos que demanda a necessidade de contar com instrumentos de medição válidos e confiáveis que permitam realizar avaliações com rigor científico em diferentes tipos de população. Por esse motivo, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Resiliência para Crianças e Adolescentes com uma amostra de 512 estudantes do Ensino Médio preparatório da Universidade de Guadalajara, no México. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória que resultou em uma composição de quatro dimensões com 18 itens que explicam 61,18% da variância, com um nível de confiabilidade alto (a = .90), e uma análise fatorial confirmatória com a qual se corroborou o modelo, com níveis adequados de ajuste. Posteriormente, avaliou-se a validade convergente do instrumento com a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, com a qual foram obtidas correlações positivas significativas com as dimensões da resiliência. E, por último, aplicou-se a validade divergente com a Escala de Depressão do Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos (Revisada), com a qual foram encontradas correlações negativas significativas. Por fim, discutem-se os resultados e as implicações práticas.

Resumen El estudio de la resiliencia, capacidad que implica un proceso de adaptación positiva a condiciones de adversidad, ha tenido un creciente interés en los últimos años que demanda la necesidad de contar con instrumentos de medición válidos y confiables que permitan hacer evaluaciones con rigor científico en diferentes tipos de poblaciones. Por esta razón, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Resiliencia para Niños y Adolescentes con una muestra de 512 estudiantes de una preparatoria de la Universidad de Guadalajara, México. Inicialmente, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio que arrojó una composición de cuatro dimensiones con 18 ítems que explican 61.18% de la varianza, con un nivel de confiabilidad alto (a = .90); y un análisis factorial confirmatorio con el que se corroboró el modelo, con niveles adecuados de ajuste. Posteriormente, se evaluó la validez convergente del instrumento con la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, donde se obtuvieron correlaciones positivas significativas con las dimensiones de la resiliencia. Y, por último, se valoró la validez divergente con la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (Revisada), donde se encontraron correlaciones significativas negativas. Al final se discuten los resultados y las implicaciones prácticas.

Validez predictiva de las competencias socioemocionales sobre la resiliencia en adolescentes mexicanos

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el nivel predictivo de las competencias socioemocionales sobre la resiliencia, por lo que se aplicaron el Inventario de Competencias Socioemocionales (EQi-YV) y la Escala de Resiliencia para Adolescentes (READ) a una muestra de 840 adolescentes mexicanos. Los resultados obtenidos a través de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, señalan que las habilidades de adaptabilidad, así como el optimismo y el autoconcepto, favorecen la competencia personal. Mientras que las competencias interpersonales y la capacidad para generar emociones positivas, predicen las competencias sociales asociadas a la resiliencia. Destaca que el manejo de emociones negativas como el enojo, pierde significancia en el modelo. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de la importancia del desarrollo positivo del adolescente.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the predictive level of socio-emotional skills on resilience. The Inventory of Socioemotional Skills (EQi-YV) and the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) were applied to a sample of 840 Mexican adolescents. The results obtained through a structural equation analysis, indicated that adaptability, optimism and selfsteem, promote personal competences, while interpersonal skills and generating a positive mood, facilitate social competence associated with resilience. The management of negative emotions, like anger, lost significance in the model. The results are discussed in light of the importance of positive adolescent development.

Allometric relationships to liver tissue concentrations of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in Atlantic cod.

Spatial distribution and relationship of allometric measurements (length, weight and age) to liver concentrations of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) including octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclosiloxane (D6) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) collected near the community of Tromsø in Northern Norway were assessed. These congeners were benchmarked against known persistent polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs 153 and 180) to assess accumulation behavior of cVMS. D5 was the dominate cVMS detected in all fish livers with lipid normalized concentrations up to 10 times or greater than those observed for PCB 153 and 180. D4 and D6 concentration were negatively correlated with fish length and weight, indicating a greater elimination capacity compared to uptake processes with increasing fish size for these chemicals. These results indicate relationships between allometric measurements and cVMS concentrations may account for concentration variations observed within fish and should be assessed in future studies evaluating cVMS bioaccumulation potential.

Benthic community structure, diversity, and productivity in the shallow Barents Sea bank (Svalbard Bank).

The Barents Sea is among the most productive areas in the world oceans, and its shallow banks exhibit particularly high rates of primary productivity reaching over 300 g C m-2year-1. Our study focused on the Svalbard Bank, an important feeding area for fishes and whales. In order to investigate how benthic community structure and benthic secondary production vary across environmental gradients and through time, we sampled across the bank and compared results with a similar study conducted 85 years ago. Considerable variability in community structure and function across bank corresponded with differences in the physical structure of the habitat, including currents, sedimentation regimes and sediment type, and overlying water masses. Despite an intensive scallop fishery and climatic shifts that have taken place since the last survey in the 1920s, benthic community structure was very similar to that from the previous survey, suggesting strong system resilience. Primary and secondary production over shallow banks plays a large role in the Barents Sea and may act as a carbon subsidy to surrounding fish populations, of which many are of commercial importance.

Polychaete/amphipod ratio as an indicator of environmental impact related to offshore oil and gas production along the Norwegian continental shelf.

Benthic faunal data is regularly collected worldwide to assess the ecological quality of marine environments. Recently, there has been renewed interest in developing biological indices able to identify environmental status and potential anthropogenic impacts. In this paper we evaluate the performance of a general polychaete/amphipod ratio along the Norwegian continental shelf as an environmental indicator for offshore oil and gas impacts. Two main trends are apparent: first, a contamination gradient is discernible from where production takes place compared to stations 10,000 m away. Second, the quality of the marine environment has improved over time. These results are consistent with monitoring reports employing a combination of uni- and multi-variate statistics. Thus, we consider this ratio as a relatively simple, useful and potentially cost-effective complement to other more demanding assessment techniques. Because of its strong theoretical basis, it may also be useful for detecting ecological change as a result of other activities.

Presencia de animales seropositivos al síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio porcino en Nuevo León / Presence of seropositive animals to the porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus in Nuevo Leon

A preliminary study was carried out to obtain serological evidence of the presence of the porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS) virus and the risk of infection in different areas and phases of production in five full cycle pig farms in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Sixty blood samples of each farm were obtained (10 for each phase of production: weaning, growing, finishing, pregnancy, lactation and mating-service). The detection of antibodies against the PRRS virus was carried out using a commercial kit. All farms were positives in all phases of production. The highest seroprevalences were found in the growing and finishing phases (36% y 56%, respectively).

Se realizó un estudio preliminar para obtener evidencia serológica de la presencia del virus del síndrome respiratorio y reproductivo porcino (PRRS, por sus siglas en inglés) y del riesgo de infección en las diferentes áreas y etapas de producción en cinco granjas porcinas de ciclo completo en Nuevo León, México. Se obtuvieron 60 muestras de sangre de cada granja (diez para cada etapa de producción: destete, iniciación, finalización, cerdas gestantes, lactando o en monta-servicio). La detección de anticuerpos antivirus del PRRS se realizó utilizando un equipo comercial. Todas las granjas resultaron positivas en las diferentes etapas de producción. La seroprevalencia fue mayor en las etapas de inicio y finalización (36% y 56%, respectivamente).

Informe final-curso taller higiene de la leche para auxiliares agropecuarios / Final report workshop milk hygiene for agricultural assistants

La higiene de la leche y sus derivados en Guatemala es un problema prioritario para la salud de la población. Esta situación ha tratado de ser rsuelta por medio de inspecciones a plantas procesadoras de leche y muestreos de producto final, mediante supervisiones continuas para evaluar el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones dejadas en cada una de las visitas. Se ha logrado mejoras higiénico-sanitarias a este nivel, estas no son una solución integral al problema si esto no es apoyado mediante algunas estrategias tales como: educación sanitaria, aplicación de análisis de riesgo y puntos críticos de control desde la finca, transportista, intermediario, planta y distribución a nivel expendio. Este curso taller tuvo como objetivo general el fortalecer la capacitación de los auxiliares pecuarios de las principales regioens que abastecen la ciudad capital sobre la manipulación sanitaria de la leche, para que este personal transfiera estos conocimientos a los productores que ellos atienden