Sex disparities determined by biometric and hematological measurements in Astyanax bimaculatus / [Disparidades sexuais determinadas por medições biométricas e hematológicas em Astyanax bimaculatus]

This study aimed to compare the body indexes and hematological characteristics between Astyanax bimaculatus males and females. Four hundred fish were randomly distributed into four polyethylene tanks (100 fish/unit) in a recirculation system and fed four times a day (3% of biomass). After 90 days, ten fish (five ♀ and five ♂) were removed to perform blood tests and to measure weight, height, total length, height/length ratio, condition factor and index determination: vicerosomatic (VSI), hepatosomatic (HSI), and gonadosomatic (GSI). The results showed a higher average weight (g) in females (12.32±0.71) compared to males (6.98±0.75), the same happened to height (cm) = (3.01±0.07) and (2.40±0.05), total length (cm) = (3.01±0.07) and (2.40±0.05), VSI (%) = (11.43±0.81) and (3.55±1.05), HSI (%) = (0.72±0.08) and (0.30±0.04), respectively. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg) was higher in females (3.72±1.20) than in males (2.99±1.51). Regarding the number of thrombocytes (103.µL-1), there was an increase in males (25.71±3.91) compared to females (17.40±6.40).(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os índices corporais e as características hematológicas entre machos e fêmeas de Astyanax bimaculatus. Quatrocentos peixes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro caixas de polietileno (100 peixes/unidade), em sistema de recirculação, e alimentados quatro vezes ao dia (3% da biomassa). Após 90 dias, 10 peixes (cinco ♀ e cinco ♂) foram retirados para realização das análises sanguíneas e para mensuração do peso, da altura, do comprimento total, da relação altura/comprimento, do fator de condição e da determinação dos índices: viscerossomático (IVS), hepatossomático (IHS) e gonadossomático (IGS). Os resultados mostraram um maior peso médio (g) nas fêmeas (12,32±0,71) em relação aos machos (6,98±0,75); o mesmo aconteceu para altura (cm) = (3,01± 0,07) e (2,40± 0,05), comprimento total (cm) = (3,01±0,07) e (2,40±0,05), IVS (%) = (11,43±0,81) e (3,55±1,05), IHS (%) = (0,72±0,08) e (0,30±0,04), respectivamente. Hemoglobina corpuscular média (pg) foi maior nas fêmeas (3,72±1,20) que nos machos (2,99±1,51). Em relação ao número de trombócitos (103/µL), houve um aumento nos machos (25,71± 3,91) em relação às fêmeas (17,40±6,40).(AU)

The role of mechanical bowel preparation for colonic resection and anastomosis: an experimental study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To evaluate the effect of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) on colonic resection and anastomosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Mongrel dogs were divided into two groups of 20 animals each. During the preoperative period (24 h) group A was not subjected to MBP, and group B was fasted and ingested 20 ml magnesium hydroxide plus 15 ml/kg 10% mannitol orally. All animals underwent segmental colectomy followed by end-to-end anastomosis. The survivors of both groups were reoperated upon on the 7th postoperative day. RESULTS: Mortality before reoperation was significantly higher in group A (45%) than in group B (10%; P<0.05). Upon reoperation on surviving animals the incidence of localized anastomotic leakage, leakage with peritonitis, and healed anastomoses was 72.72%, 9.09%, and 18.8% in group A, and 66.66%, 22.22%, and 11.11% in group B, respectively (P>0.05). Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures showed similar growth in the two groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the omission of MBP increased the mortality due to early anastomotic leakage with peritonitis; MBP did not change the rate of localized anastomotic leakage, leakage with peritonitis, or intact anastomoses on the 7th day; no quantitative or qualitative differences were observed in the bacteria isolated from the two groups.

[Morphologic changes of the lesser gastric curvature after segmental gastrectomy associated to proximal gastric vagotomy. Experimental study in dogs]. / Alterações morfológicas da curvatura menor do estômago após gastrectomia segmentar associada à vagotomia gástrica proximal. Estudo experimental em cães.

UNLABELLED: The segmental gastrectomy of the body of the stomach, combined with proximal gastric vagotomy, has been indicated in the treatment of duodenal ulcer, especially in patients with major risk of the recurrent ulceration. PURPOSE: To evaluate the histopathologic changes, secondaries to combined corporeal segmental gastrectomy and proximal gastric vagotomy, in the lesser curvature of the stomach. METHODS: Thirty-six adult mongrel dogs weighing between 10 to 20 kg were divided into three groups of twelve animals each: Group I animals (control) were submitted to laparotomy and gastric manipulation; Group II, animals underwent proximal gastric vagotomy; and Group III, animals underwent corporeal segmental gastrectomy combined with proximal gastric vagotomy. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups of six animals each, and according to the subgroup, the animals were then sacrificed on the third or in the eighth postoperative day. A fragment of the lesser curvature was removed from each stomach for microscopic study. RESULTS: Regarding edema, vascular congestion, inflammatory exudate, fibrosis and cell damage; histopathologic changes found in animals sacrificed in the same postoperative day were slight in Group I, moderate in Group II and intense in the group III. Although nonspecific, the character and site of the lesions were similar to the ones occurring in ischemic process. It was also observed a directly proportional relation between severity of morphologic changes and ischemic potentiality of surgical procedure. CONCLUSION: The segmental gastrectomy probably aggravated the arterial blood supply of the remnant of lesser curvature of the stomach, which was already compromised by devascularization consequent to proximal gastric vagotomy.

Alteraçöes morfológicas da curvatura menor do estômago após gastrectomia segmentar associada à vagotomia gástrica proximal: estudo experimental em cäes / Morphologic changes of the lesser gastric curvature after segmental gastrectomy associated to gastric vagotomy: experimental study in dogs

A ressecção segmentar do corpo gástrico, também denominada gastrectomia segmentar (GS), foi associada à vagotomia gástrica proximal (VGP) para o tratamento das úlceras duodenais, principalmente para os pacientes com maior risco de recidiva ulcerosa. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações histopatológicas da curvatura menor do estômago decorrentes da associação da GS à VGP. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 36 cães com peso corporal entre 10 e 20 kg, distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo I (controle) - animais submetidos à laparotomia e manipulação gástrica; Grupo II - animais submetidos à VGP; e Grupo III - animais submetidos à GS associada à VGP. Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos de seis animais, sendo os animais do primeiro e do segundo subgrupos sacrificados no terceiro e no oitavo dia pós-operatório, respectivamente. Para o estudo microscópico, procedeu-se a retirada de fragmento retangular da curvatura menor de cada estômago. RESULTADOS: Com base na comparação dos indicadores histopatológicos entre os subgrupos de animais sacrificados no mesmo dia, incluindo edema, congestão vascular, exsudato inflamatório, fibrose e dano celular, verificou-se que estas alterações microscópicas foram infreqüentes e leves no grupo I, freqüentes e moderadas no grupo II e constantes e intensas no grupo III. Embora inespecíficos, os achados histopatológicos foram semelhantes quanto à natureza e ao local de acometimento intramural, com os processos isquêmicos. Foi observado também uma relação diretamente proporcional entre a gravidade das alterações morfológicas e os procedimentos cirúrgicos de maior potencial isquêmico. CONCLUSÃO: A gastrectomia segmentar possivelmente agravou o suprimento sangüíneo arterial da parte remanescente da curvatura menor do estômago, já previamente comprometida pela desvascularização conseqüente à vagotomia gástrica proximal.

Quilotórax traumático en el niño / Traumatic chilothorax in children

Se relata el caso de una niña de cuatro años víctima de un politraumatismo por maltrato familiar.Ingresa con un trauma craneoencefálico y renal,dos días después se constata un hemotórax,el que se drena.Al cuarto día,coincidiendo con la realimentación oral se comprobó la presencia de un quilotoráx.El tratamiento fue conservador,con drenaje torácico y el uso de dieta con triglicéridos de cadena media.Seis días después hubo resolución completa del quilotórax.La terapéutica frente a esta afección puede ser clínica o quirúrgica.Cerca de 50 por ciento de los casos como en el descripto son tratados con éxito en forma conservadora.La opción quirúrgica se reserva para aquellas situaciones de falla del tratamiento clínico realizado por lo menos durante 4 a 6 semanas.Encontramos solo dos casos citados en la literatura de quilotórax traumático por apaleamiento

Quilotórax traumático en el niño / Traumatic chilothorax in children

Se relata el caso de una niña de cuatro años víctima de un politraumatismo por maltrato familiar.Ingresa con un trauma craneoencefálico y renal,dos días después se constata un hemotórax,el que se drena.Al cuarto día,coincidiendo con la realimentación oral se comprobó la presencia de un quilotoráx.El tratamiento fue conservador,con drenaje torácico y el uso de dieta con triglicéridos de cadena media.Seis días después hubo resolución completa del quilotórax.La terapéutica frente a esta afección puede ser clínica o quirúrgica.Cerca de 50 por ciento de los casos como en el descripto son tratados con éxito en forma conservadora.La opción quirúrgica se reserva para aquellas situaciones de falla del tratamiento clínico realizado por lo menos durante 4 a 6 semanas.Encontramos solo dos casos citados en la literatura de quilotórax traumático por apaleamiento

Does the length of the interposed segment in the Henley procedure influence duodenogastric reflux? An experimental study.

This study assesses duodenogastric reflux (DGR) using 99mTechnetium-diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid in unoperated dogs and in dogs 28 days after a Billroth II gastrectomy and 28 days after the Henley procedure. Fourteen mongrel dogs were divided randomly into two groups of seven each, according to the length of the interposed jejunal segment used (Group A 10 cm; Group B, 20 cm). All dogs were subjected to a Billroth II gastrectomy, followed by the Henley procedure 30 days later. In Group A, DGR was significantly lower in the preoperative period (median, 0.0%; range, 0.0-0.02%) than after gastrectomy (median, 0.13%; range, 0.08-0.70%) and the Henley procedure (median, 0.12%; range, 0.06-0.22%), but did not differ significantly after gastrectomy and jejunal interposition. In Group B, DGR was significantly higher after gastrectomy (median, 0.15%; range, 0.10-0.64%) than in the preoperative period (median, 0.00%; range, 0.00-0.09%) or than after the Henley procedure (median, 0.00%; range, 0.00-0.7%). DGR did not differ significantly between the preoperative period and after Henley procedure. After jejunal interposition, DGR was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B. The Henley procedure is effective in preventing DGR when the interposed segment is 20 cm in length.

Avaliaçäo quantitatifa do refluxo duodenogástrico após colecistectomia e esfincteroplastia transduodenal: estudo experimental em cäes / Quantitative avaluation of the duodenogastric reflux after cholescystectomy and transduodenal sphincteroplasty: experimental study in dogs

O papel exercido pela colecistectomia e pela esfincteroplastia transduodenal sobre o refluxo duodenogástrico(RDG) permanece controvertido e da esfincteroplastia transduodenal sobre o RDG. MÉTODO. 40 cäes foram distribuidos em quatro grupos: grupo controle (C) (n=12), grupo colecistectomia (Co) (n=10), grupo esfincteroplastia transduodenal (Es) (n=10) e grupo colecistectomia mais esfincteroplastia transduodenal (Co+Es) (n=8). O RDG foi avaliado pela injeçäo intravenosa do 99mTecnésio-DISIDA, injetado por via intravenosa, seguida de aspiraçäo do conteúdo gástrico. O resultado foi expresso como a percentagem do radiotraçador injetado recuperada no aspirado gástrico. RESULTADOS. O RDG foi significativamente maior no grupo Co+Es (média: 2,26 ñ 2,69 por cento) que nos grupos C (média: 0,23 ñ 0,26 popr cento), Co média: 1,52 ñ 1,77 por cento) e Es (média: 1,23 ñ 1,23 por cento) (p<0,05). O RDG näo diferiu significativamenteentre os grupos C, Co e Es (p>0,05). CONCLUSAO. Os resultados mostram que colecistectomia aumenta o refluxo duodenogástrico apenas quando associada à esfincteroplastia

[Quantitative evaluation of the duodenogastric reflux after cholecystectomy and transduodenal sphincteroplasty: experimental study in dogs]. / Avaliação quantitativa do refluxo duodenogástrico após colecistectomia e esfincteroplastia transduodenal: estudo experimental em cães.

The role of cholecystectomy and transduodenal sphincteroplasty on duodenogastric reflux (DGR) is still controversial. PURPOSE--To assess the effect of cholecystectomy alone, transduodenal sphincteroplasty alone and cholecystectomy combined with transduodenal sphincteroplasty on bile reflux into the stomach. METHODS--40 dogs were divided into four groups: control group (C) (n = 12), cholecystectomy group (Co) (n = 10), transduodenal sphincteroplasty group (Es) (n = 10) and cholecystectomy plus transduodenal sphincteroplasty group (Co+Es) (n = 8). A quantitative index of DGR was obtained in each case by determining the percentage of the intravenously injected 99m Technetium-DISIDA that was recovered in the gastric juice. RESULTS--The DGR was significantly higher in Co+Es group (mean: 2.26 +/- 2.69%) than in the C group (mean: 0.23 +/- 0.26%), and the Co group (mean: 1.52 +/- 1.77%) and the Es group (mean: 1.23 +/- 1.23%) (p < 0.05). The DGR did not differ significantly between C, Co and Es groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION--The results shows that only cholecystectomy plus sphincteroplasty increases duodenogastric reflux.

The effect of proximal gastric vagotomy plus duodenoplasty on duodenogastric reflux.

Alkaline reflux gastritis is a clinical syndrome that results from a mucosal injury by duodenal contents. In this study, the amount of duodenogastric reflux was assessed in patients who previously underwent proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV group; n = 11) and PGV plus duodenoplasty (PGV+D group; n = 10) as a treatment for duodenal ulcer. The control group (A) consisted of 11 healthy volunteers without endoscopic abnormalities. A quantitative index of duodenogastric reflux was obtained in each case by determining the percentage of the injected dose of 99mTechnetium-DISIDA that was recovered by continuous aspiration of gastric juice in fasting subjects. In the PGV group, the percentage of administered 99mTechnetium-DISIDA recovered from the stomach (median: 0.69%; range: 0.09%-3.61%) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from that of the PGV+D group (median: 0.49%; range: 0.09%-3.91%) and from that of the A group (median: 1.47%; range: 0.22%-3.01%). The results show that proximal gastric vagotomy plus duodenoplasty did not increase duodenogastric reflux.

Comparison between Henley jejunal interposition and Roux-en-Y anastomosis as concerns enterogastric biliary reflux levels.

The amount of enterogastric biliary reflux was assessed in patients who previously underwent Henley operation (n = 8) or Roux-en-Y biliary diversion (n = 7) using the radiopharmaceutical 99mTechnetium-DISIDA. Two other groups were investigated: a control group consisting of patients with unoperated duodenal ulcer (n = 10) and a group of patients who underwent Billroth II gastrectomy (n = 7). The length of the interposed segment of jejunum ranged from 20 to 30 cm (median of 22.5 cm) in the Henley patients, and from 30 to 60 cm (median of 40 cm) in the Roux-en-Y group. In Henley patients, the percentage of administered 99mTechnetium-DISIDA that was recovered from the stomach (median of 0.92%) was lower (p less than 0.01) than that obtained for Billroth II patients (median of 32.28%) and did not differ (p greater than 0.10) from that of the Roux-en-Y (median of 0.36%) and duodenal ulcer groups (median of 2.53%). These results indicate that Henley operation is as effective as Roux-en-Y diversion in promoting the reduction of the amount of enterogastric biliary reflux that follows Billroth II distal gastrectomy.