ABSTRACT
Introduction@#The sudden loss of ability to perform one's role increases an elderly person's awareness of his dependency on others and creates emotional frustration. The study aimed to determine the relationship between functionality and depression among elderly persons with fracture of the hip or femur.@*Methods @#This was a correlational study using the Geriatric Depression Scale and Barthel Index Tool to measure depression and functionality, respectively, among randomly sampled geriatric patients admitted in an orthopedic hospital. Spearman rho was used to determine the relationship between functionality and depression.@*Results @#Majority of the 43 respondents were women and the mean age of the sample was 70 years. The respondents had a low level of functionality with a mean Barthel Index of 8.3. Around 85% had mild or severe depression. The Spearman's rho showed a moderate negative relationship between functionality and depression which was statistically significant (r = -0.51, p < 0.01).@*Conclusion @#Among geriatric patients with femoral or hip fractures, patients with low functionality tend to be depressed.
Subject(s)
DepressionABSTRACT
The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (NBH) decided that a vaccine that protects against cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) should be included in the childhood vaccination directive as a nationwide-programme targeting 12-year-old girls from 2010 as a part of the school-health programme. Currently, vaccination of girls 13-18 years of age is covered by the public insurance. In this paper we describe the decision-making process behind the introduction of HPV vaccination in Sweden.
Subject(s)
Health Policy/trends , Mass Vaccination/methods , Mass Vaccination/organization & administration , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Sweden/epidemiologySubject(s)
Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Gravity Suits , Postpartum Hemorrhage/therapy , Radiology, Interventional/methods , Uterus/blood supply , Adult , Embolization, Therapeutic/instrumentation , Female , Humans , Placenta Accreta/complications , Postpartum Hemorrhage/etiology , Pregnancy , Radiology, Interventional/instrumentationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We have studied whether clinical monitoring of an established population register based cervical screening program could reduce the number of cervical cancer cases and if drawbacks in the coverage could be detected. METHOD: A total of 123 consecutive cervical cancer cases were studied. A retrospective study of five years was followed by five prospective years after the introduction of increased efforts to find previously neglected low-grade positive smears. Cervical cancer incidence, histology, stage, and early mortality were related to smear history. RESULTS: The absence of cancer cases with neglected positive smears was a major reason for a 50 percent lower incidence of squamous cancers in the prospective period. Rapid onset interval cancers were few. Older women, never invited to the program, accounted for the majority of the advanced or aggressive cases in the former period. However, serious post-screening cancers remained common among women who had not had smears taken regularly up to the age of sixty, whereas there was little morbidity in women who had a regular smear to that age. CONCLUSION: This organized screening program is a versatile tool in identifying women at risk. To attain effectiveness it needs, however, active monitoring of the smear history and a mechanism to ascertain that all women have participated well beyond the age of fifty before being left out of the program.
