Arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral instability in soccer goalkeepers.

The aim of this study was to report epidemiologic data and results of arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral instability in soccer goalkeepers. We included 12 soccer goalkeepers with a mean age of 28.9 years (range 18-45 years) with acute or recurrent traumatic anterior instability who underwent an arthroscopic anatomic capsulolabral repair with bone anchors. Patients who underwent surgery within 4 weeks of the first episode of dislocation were classified as acute instability. The results were evaluated using the Rowe Scale and analyzed according to stability, range of motion and function. The mean follow-up was 3.8 years. The most common mechanism of injury (90% of the cases) was abduction, external rotation and extension. Associated injuries were present in 57.2% of recurrent cases and 20% of acute cases (p<0.293). Excellent or good results were observed in 80% of the cases of acute instability and in 57.2% of cases in the group with recurrent instability (p<0.586). From a total of 12 soccer goalkeepers who underwent the arthroscopic capsulolabral repair, good or excellent results were obtained in 66.6% of cases of glenohumeral instability. Surgical arthroscopic repair was possible in all cases of acute or recurrent instability based on well-established inclusion criteria, i. e., with well-defined exclusion criteria, such as HAGL lesion and significant glenohumeral bone loss, the arthroscopic capsulolabral repair can be carried out in soccer goalkeepers.

Interventions for tears of the rotator cuff in adults.

BACKGROUND: Tears of the rotator cuff tendons, which surround the joints of the shoulder, are one of the most common causes of pain and disability in the upper extremity. OBJECTIVES: To review the efficacy and safety of common interventions for tears of the rotator cuff in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised trail register (July 2002), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (The Cochrane Library issue 2, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to December 2001), EMBASE (1974 to December 2001), Biological Abstracts (1980 to December 2001), LILACS (1982 to December 2001), CINAHL (November 1982 to December 2001), Science Citation Index and reference lists of articles. We also contacted authors and handsearched conference proceedings focusing on shoulder conditions. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials involving tears of the rotator cuff were the focus of this review. All trials involving conservative interventions or surgery were included (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-articular or subacromial glucocorticosteroid injection, oral glucocorticosteroid treatment, physiotherapy, and open or arthroscopic surgery). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed suitability for inclusion, methodological quality and extracted data. Dichotomous data were presented as relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using the fixed effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials involving 455 people were included and 393 patients analysed. Trials were grouped in eight categories of conservative or surgical treatment. The median quality score of all trials combined was 16 out of a possible 24 points, with a range of 12-18. In general, included trials differed on diagnostic criteria for rotator cuff tear, there was no uniformity in reported outcome measures, and data which could be summarised were rarely reported. Only results from two studies comparing open repair to arthroscopic debridement could be pooled. There is weak evidence for the superiority of open repair of rotator cuff tears compared with arthroscopic debridement. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is little evidence to support or refute the efficacy of common interventions for tears of rotator cuff in adults. As well as the need for further well designed clinical trials, uniform methods of defining interventions for rotator cuff tears and validated outcome measures are also essential.

Effect of the employment of biosolids as recovery agent for degraded areas.

The solid residue generated from the sewage treatment receives the denomination of sewage sludge, being also called biosolid. The present work compared the effect of 3 levels of fertilization (sewer sludge, mineral fertilization and proof) in the recovery of areas with 2 levels of soil degradation simulation (removal of 15 cm and 30 cm of soil), plus a proof. In the parcels destined for the biosolid, 40 dry t./ha of aerobic limy stabilized 30% had been used. The content of Ca+Mg, K, V% and CTC in the parcels that received biosolids had its value increased by 11.7%, 28.0%, 8.3% and 6.0% respectively, when compared with the values of the proof at the end of the maize culture. The contents of phosphorus were statistically higher for the Tukey test at 5% of probability in the treatment with biosolid, verifying also the trend of accumulation of phosphorus in the parcels, with the simulated level of degradation of 30 cm. There was a significant increase in carbon content due to the application of biosolids. The production of dry substance was still evaluated, where the biggest productions had been statistically verified in the treatments, being slightly influenced by the different levels of soil degradation, evidencing the great capacity of silt as recovery agent.

Effects of substrates composed of biosolids on the production of Eucalyptus viminalis, Schinus terebinthifolius and Mimosa scabrella seedlings and on the nutritional status of Schinus terebinthifolius seedlings.

Six substrates made up with heated and composted anaerobic biosolid were tested for the production of Eucalyptus viminalis, Schinus terebinthifolius and Mimosa scabrella forest seedlings in a nursery in Southern Brazil. The produced seedlings were statistically evaluated in relation to height, stem diameter, height/stem diameter ratio, aerial and root dry biomass, survival, and also for nutritional status on S. terebinthifolius seedlings. As a function of their high pH, heated biosolids turned out to be viable only in low composition percentages. Composted biosolids turned out to be sufficiently suitable in percentages between 30% and 60% of the substratum--whose Mn and Zn concentrations relate the nutrient contents in theseedlings -with use viability up to 100% in substratum composition.

Helminth eggs viability in sewage and biosolids sludge in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

Despite some benefits, municipal sludge poses hazards to human-kind and domestic animals because of the presence of some pathogenic agents in it. Bacteria, viruses, protozoan cysts, and helminth eggs may be present in the sludge. In Paraná State, SANEPAR, the responsible agency for collection and treatment of sewage sludge, is attempting to use the biosolids in agriculture. However, the risk to human and animal infection by the pathogenics should be considered before its use. An attempt was made to study the occurrence, viability and survival of helminth eggs and larva and protozoan cysts in the sludge. Parasitological analyses of twelve sludge biosolids and ten sewage sludge samples were collected and analyzed, from the treatment station ETE Belem (Curitiba, Brazil) for a period of one year. Four of the ten sewage sludge samples examined revealed the presence of helminth eggs as high as up to 20 eggs/l. In the biosolids sludge, the average number of helminth eggs, per 1 g of dry matter, was 4.85. However, the aerobic treatment reduced the viability of helminth egg to 56.67 per cent, and the total number of viable eggs was 1.85/g of dry matter. Ascaris sp. was the prevalent parasite (75.7 per cent), followed by H. diminuta (0.93 per cent), Trichuris sp. (7.4 per cent), Hymenolepis nana (3.6 per cent), Toxocara sp. (2.7 per cent), and Taenia sp. (1.3 per cent). Thus treatments will be necessary to hygienize the sludge for use in agriculture