Pattern of oesophageal diseases in Madinah region, Saudi Arabia: An 11 years experience.

The oesophagus can be a site for a variety of lesions including inflammatory disorders, infections, mechanical conditions, toxic and physical injuries, vascular disorders and neoplastic conditions. hence the oesophageal diseases have a wide spectrum of pathological features. An understanding of histopathological details of oesophageal diseases is essential for their accurate diagnosis and management. The main objective of our study was to provide a comprehensive audit of oesophageal diseases in the province of Madinah in Saudi Arabia. From January 2006 to December 2017, were viewed the histopathological patterns of oesophageal lesions in patients at a tertiary care referral hospital who were diagnosed with oesophageal disease after upper gastroendoscopy. Of the 201 patients, 144 (71.6%) cases were found to be non-neoplastic and 57 (28.4%) cases were neoplastic. Our findings were comparable with earlier studies that helped establish a baseline of an oesophageal disease pattern, on the basis of histopathological examinations.

Prognostic Significance of Cyclin D1 Over-expression in Colorectal Cancer: An Experience from Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Background and study aim: Cyclin D1 is a key regulatory protein in the cell cycle and is over-expressed in many tumors, including endometrial, thyroid, urothelial, breast, brain gliomas, and esophageal cancers. The main aim of the present study is to examine the expression pattern of cyclin D1 and its correlation with the different clinicopathological features in patients with colorectal camcer (CRC) from the Madinah region of Saudi Arabia. Patients and methods: The archival tumor blocks were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for Cyclin D1 over-expression in 324 CRC patients diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2017, at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Results: Cyclin D1 over-expression was absent in normal mucosa, while 15% cases of adenoma showed its over-expression. In CRC, Cyclin D1 was expressed at high levels in 24.1% of case. No significant correlation was observed between Cyclin D1 over-expression and age, gender, tumor size, type and location. However, Cyclin D1 over-expression exhibited a significant correlation with tumor differentiation (p=0.04), lymph node involvement (p=0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.001), distant metastasis (p=0.006) and AJCC staging (p=0.001). The Kaplan-Meir analysis revealed a shorter period of survival with Cyclin D1 over-expression (p=0.000). The Cox-regression model analysis showed that Cyclin D1 over-expression was an independent prognostic marker in CRC (p=0.000). Conclusion: Cyclin D1 over-expression increases during normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The significant association observed between Cyclin D1 over-expression, advanced tumor stage and short survival period clearly suggest the role of Cyclin D1 in the carcinogenesis and progression of CRC.

Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Who Are Insulin Users: A Multidimensional Model.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus is a progressive, chronic and multifactorial endocrine disorder characterized by elevated serum glucose levels. It has a direct effect to social and health related quality of life. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the health-related quality of life among patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using insulin therapy. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study design was used to collect data from Malaysian patients with T2DM. Subjective and objective assessments were made either by using several questionnaires or each patient's specific medication profile registered to care sites. Study participants were recruited from both public hospitals and community health clinics located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RESULTS: A total of 430 patients with T2DM were recruited in this study with a response rate of 94.7%. The oral antidiabetic medication (OAM) group consisted of 63.0% of the study population and the rest (37.0%) were Insulin users. The body mass index and glycosylated hemoglobin patterns were significantly different between groups (P < 0.011 and P < 0.001). Insulin users showed high percentages of healthy body mass index index (44.7%) compared with OAM users (35.8%) and controlled glycemic index (glycosylated hemoglobin ≤7.5%) was significantly (P = 0.001) better among the insulin-user group compared with the OAM group. The Euro Quality of Life-5 dimension domain analysis indicated significant differences with domains of usual work (P < 0.047), pain and discomfort (P < 0.041), and anxiety and depression (P < 0.001) among insulin users versus OAM users. We also observed a significant difference between the groups regarding diet, monitoring, and disease-specific knowledge. The mean (SD) adherence score showed that insulin users were significantly (P < 0.001) more adherent (6.09 [2.98]) than OAM were nonadherent (4.19 [4.68]). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests the valuable effect of insulin therapy among patients with T2DM compared with OAMs on health-related quality of life, medication adherence, and health state. Insulin users reported they had better diabetes-related knowledge and treatment adherence characteristics than noninsulin users.

Multivariate Analysis on the Effects of Diabetes and related Clinical Parameters on Cervical Cancer Survival Probability.

We aimed to evaluate and determine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in early stage cervical cancer (CC) patients. Patients with primary cervical cancer and newly diagnosed were selected from ten different cancer specialist hospitals of Malaysia. Patients' demographic and clinical data were obtained for the prognostic analysis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate patients' survival time (CSS and OS) with DM status and values were compared using the log-rank test. A total of 19,785 newly diagnosed CC patients were registered during 2010-2016, among them only 16,946 (85.6%) with primary CC tumor. There was no difference in treatment modality between DM and non-DM patients. However intergroup assessment showed that type 2DM have significantly higher rate of mortality in both overall mortality (28.3%) and CC-specific (11.7%) as compared to Type 1DM (17.3%; 5.5%) and non DM patients (12.7%; 9.1%) (p < 0.001). Within group assessments showed that Type 2DM patients have better quality of life (mean 7.13 ± 3.67) (p < 0.001) and less distress levels (mean 2.41 ± 0.63) (p < 0.011) as compared to type1 DM (meant 10.54 ± 2.11; 3.19 ± 1.07). This study concluded that T2DM prognostic effect still remained after adjusting demographic and clinical parameters. Type 1 diabetes mellitus showed better OS and CSS then type2 DM.

Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Effect of Disease and Psychosocial-Related Correlates on Health-Related Quality of Life.

BACKGROUND: This study is aimed at investigating the various disease-specific and health-related psychosocial concepts of HRQOL among insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and understanding the gender differences in HRQOL among IDDM patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to assess the effect of health-related and psychosocial correlates on HRQOL of IDDM patients in Penang, Malaysia. The participants were recruited from five governmental diabetic clinics. Patients with insulin use only, IDDM diagnosed at least 1 year earlier, were identified from clinical registers. The sample was then age stratified for 20-64 years, and severe complications (e.g., end-stage renal failure, hemodialysis, and liver cirrhosis) were excluded; a total of 1003 participants were enrolled in the study. Multivariate regression analysis was used to predict the response. RESULTS: A total of 853 (100%) participants were enrolled and completed the study. Women exhibited significantly higher/better mental health (p < 0.013) and health perception scores (p < 0.001) despite high prevalence of impaired role (49.2%), social (24.2%), and physical (40.5%) functionings as compared to men. Women with longer diabetes exposure and uncontrolled glycemic levels (HbA1c) have poorer HRQOL. Availability of social support showed no significant association with either HRQOL or diabetes distress levels. Diabetes distress levels remained not associated with social support. Women also showed significantly higher association with health perception (15% versus 13% men, p < 0.001) and mental health (13% versus 11% men, p < 0.001) in diabetes-specific psychosocial factors. Thus, among women alone, diabetes-related specific and psychosocial factors explained 15% and 13% of variations in HRQOL extents, respectively. CONCLUSION: Women exhibit extensive and significant patterns with health-related factors and diabetes-specific psychosocial factors (self-efficacy, social support, and DLC) to improve HRQOL. Also, women have significantly high reported distress levels and low social functioning compared to men.

Bridging glycated hemoglobin with quality of life and health state; a randomized case-control study among type 2 diabetes patients.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the predictors of QOL and health state and examine the relationship with glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS: A randomized cross-sectional case-control study was conducted among n = 600 T2DM patients of Malaysia. Study population was distributed into three groups as: controls: patients with HbA1c ≤ 7 (n = 199), cases arm 1: with HbA1c 7-7.9 (n = 204) and cases arm 2 (n = 197): with HbA1c ≥ 8 consecutively last 3 times. RESULTS: Participants with diabetes history > 10 years exhibits higher mean QOL score among all the three groups. In contrast mean health status score significantly (p < 0.001) reduced with the exposure duration of diabetes both within and intergroup assessment that participants with poor glycemic control (arm 2) had significantly higher mean QOL score with knowledge and self-care dimensions as compared to others, however mean health state scores were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in all assessment dimensions as compared to controls. The F test of significance showed that demographic and clinical parameters were strong predictors of QOL, whereas self-care activities, comorbidities, ability of positive management and BMI were significant predictors to health state for consistent glycemic control (controls) as compared to poor glycemic control (arm 2) participants. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that poor glycemic index reported low self-care behavior, increase barriers to daily living activities and poor ability to manage diabetes positively, which cause poor QOL and decrease health state.