The thick-borne encephalitis caused by alimentary transmission - case series report.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a central nervous system zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the main causes of lymphocytic meningitis in the areas of its endemic occurrence. A mode of transmission of TBEV which is rarely observed in clinical practice is an alimentary transmission through consumption of unpasteurised dairy products from infected animals. The following article contains detailed description of the clinical course of TBE among five family members, for whom the occurrence of TBE was temporarily associated with the consumption of unpasteurised goat's milk from the same source. The epidemiological outbreak presented in this article is the fifth ever described case of the milk-borne TBE in Poland. More so, the clinical course of the disease has shown differences from the typical course characterised so far in the literature. Clinical cases of TBE described in this study were similar to infections caused by tick bites in humans. The following article discusses available methods of preventing TBE, with emphasis on alimentary transmission of TBEV, since possibility of serious detrimental long-term neurological complications resulting from TBE was stressed in prior literature.

Prior treatment with non anti-TB antibiotics, and the duration of symptoms have no effect on diagnostics of tuberculous meningitis.

PURPOSE: Our objective was to investigate whether diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) with microbiological and molecular analysis was affected by prior empirical non anti tuberculosis antibiotics or by duration of symptoms before lumbar puncture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated medical records of patients with TBM confirmed by positive culture, nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) or Ehrlich-Ziehl-Neelsen staining (EZNs) from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or by characteristic results of biochemical analysis of CSF combined with a typical clinical manifestation. RESULTS: 68 adult patients were analyzed. The isolation rates for NAATs, Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture, BACTEC and EZNs were 70.6%, 69.1%, 67.6% and 26.5%, respectively. Biochemical analysis of CSF samples revealed: pleocytosis (median 224 [range 78-380]cells/mm3) with lymphocyte predominance (76 [45-90]%), elevated levels of protein (2.43 [1.50-3.84]g/l) and lactic acid (5.0 [3.9-7.2]mmol/l). Forty (65%) patients received no anti-tuberculosis antibiotic treatment before the diagnostic lumbar puncture. The were no significant differences in the microbiological and biochemical CSF analyses, between the patients who received and those who did not receive non anti-TB empirical antibiotic treatment. The median duration of symptoms before the diagnostic lumbar puncture was 24 (range 11-61) days. No significant differences in microbiological and biochemical analysis of CSF where found when comparing patients with duration of symptoms lasting above and less than the median time. CONCLUSIONS: Neither prior non anti-TB antibiotic therapy, nor the duration of symptoms before diagnostic lumbar puncture have any effect on confirmation of TBM by microbiological and biochemical CSF analysis.