Refits, cobbles, and fire: Approaching the temporal nature of an expedient Gravettian lithic assemblage from Lagar Velho (Leiria, Portugal).

Upper Paleolithic lithic assemblages have traditionally been considered a paramount example of the high level of complexity characterizing the technological behavior of prehistoric modern humans. The diversity and standardization of tools, as well as the systematic production of blades and bladelets, show the high investment of time, energy and knowledge often associated with Upper Paleolithic technocomplexes. However, more expedient behaviors have also been documented. In some cases, such low-cost behaviors can be dominant or almost exclusive, giving assemblages of Upper Paleolithic age an "archaic" appearance. In this paper, we address these expedient Upper Paleolithic technologies through the study of a lithic assemblage recovered from a Gravettian-age layer from the Lagar Velho rockshelter (Leiria, Portugal). Due to the specific formation processes characterizing this site, we also discuss the distinction between artifacts and geofacts, an aspect that is particularly difficult in expedient assemblages. Moreover, the combination of lithic refitting and data on thermal damage allows us to approach the temporal nature of the lithic assemblage and the timing of the different agents contributing to its formation.

Unbalanced sex-ratio in the Neolithic individuals from the Escoural Cave (Montemor-o-Novo, Portugal) revealed by peptide analysis.

The sex profile estimation of pre-historic communities is often complicated by the commingled and scattered nature of skeletal assemblages. Demographic profiles are usually lacking and provide very truncated representations of these populations but proteomic analysis of sex-specific amelogenin peptides in tooth enamel brings new promise to these studies. The main objective was to obtain the sex profile of the human assemblage recovered from the Neolithic cave-necropolis of Escoural (Montemor-o-Novo, southern Portugal) through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The secondary objective was to analyse sex-specific linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH), and to test the reliability of canine odontometric sex estimation. Sex estimation through peptide analysis was carried out in 36 left permanent canines which were macroscopically examined for the presence of LEH. The canine buccolingual diameter was used for odontometric sex estimation. The obtained sex ratio (0.5:1, M:F) is biased to female individuals, probably due to cultural factors since the natural sex ratio of the human population falls between 0.95:1 and 1.02:1 (M:F). A high frequency of LEH was observed, but with no significant sexual differences (p = 0.554). The mean LEH age of onset occurred at 3 years of age, with no significant differences between the sexes (p = 0.116), and was possibly related to the weaning process. Odontometric sex estimation revealed a correct classification of 80%, with a high number of males mistakenly attributed to females. This study is one of the largest samples subjected to peptide analysis, and thus demonstrates its usefulness on the research of commingled and scattered skeletal assemblages.

Unplanned pregnancy in Brazil: national study in eight university hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy in eight public university hospitals, distributed in the five regions that make up Brazil. METHODS: A secondary analysis of a national multicenter cross-sectional study, carried out in eight public university hospitals between June 1 and August 31, 2020, in Brazil. Convenience sample including women who gave birth within sixty consecutive days and met the following criteria: over 18 years old; gestational age over 36 weeks at delivery; with a single and live newborn, without malformations. RESULTS: Sample composed of 1,120 postpartum women, of whom 756 (67.5%) declared that the pregnancy had not been planned. The median prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was 59.7%. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy across hospitals differed significantly: Campinas (54.8%), Porto Alegre (58.2%), Florianópolis (59%), Teresina (61.2%), Brasília (64.3%), São Paulo (64.6%), Campo Grande (73.9%) and Manaus (95.3%) (p < 0.001). Factors significantly associated with unplanned pregnancy were maternal age, black color, lower family income, greater number of children, greater number of people living in household, and not having a partner. CONCLUSION: In the studied sample, about two thirds of the pregnancies were declared as unplanned. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancies was related to social and demographic factors and varied significantly across the university hospitals evaluated.

The characterization of bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) coprolites in the archaeological record.

The archaeological record of the Lagar Velho rock shelter (Lapedo Valley, Leiria, Portugal) bears testimony to several significant Upper Palaeolithic occupations, most notably the Lapedo Child burial (LV1) dating from the Gravettian. Excavations undertaken at the site since 2018 have seen the recovery of a large quantity of coprolites, above all in layer 143 (c. 29 ka cal BP). The study of these fossilized remains points to the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) as the main coprogenic agent and provides the first descriptions of these avian coprolites in archaeological assemblages. The analyses reported involved the comparison of the coprogenic samples with modern bearded vulture scats. A new morphotype is proposed for discriminating the faeces of this avian scavenger based on (1) macroscopic analyses, (2) morphometric comparisons with other fossil and modern scats and (3) their mineralogical and elemental composition. Among the criteria proposed here to identify the coprolites of the bearded vulture are their cylindrical shape, diameter, pointed extremities and homogeneous porous texture, as well as their massive internal texture, hard consistency and total absence of bone inclusions (attributable in all likelihood to a high digastric juice acidity capable of dissolving bones). Our results indicate that, as well as being used by humans for short-term stays, the Lagar Velho rock shelter was used by the bearded vulture as a nesting site. We provide new evidence from Iberia of the activity of this avian scavenger as a bone accumulator in archaeological sites.

Unplanned pregnancy in Brazil: national study in eight university hospitals / Gravidez não planejada no Brasil: estudo nacional em oito hospitais universitários

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy in eight public university hospitals, distributed in the five regions that make up Brazil. METHODS A secondary analysis of a national multicenter cross-sectional study, carried out in eight public university hospitals between June 1 and August 31, 2020, in Brazil. Convenience sample including women who gave birth within sixty consecutive days and met the following criteria: over 18 years old; gestational age over 36 weeks at delivery; with a single and live newborn, without malformations. RESULTS Sample composed of 1,120 postpartum women, of whom 756 (67.5%) declared that the pregnancy had not been planned. The median prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was 59.7%. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy across hospitals differed significantly: Campinas (54.8%), Porto Alegre (58.2%), Florianópolis (59%), Teresina (61.2%), Brasília (64.3%), São Paulo (64.6%), Campo Grande (73.9%) and Manaus (95.3%) (p < 0.001). Factors significantly associated with unplanned pregnancy were maternal age, black color, lower family income, greater number of children, greater number of people living in household, and not having a partner. CONCLUSION In the studied sample, about two thirds of the pregnancies were declared as unplanned. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancies was related to social and demographic factors and varied significantly across the university hospitals evaluated.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência de gestação não planejada (GNP) em oito hospitais públicos universitários, distribuídos nas cinco regiões que compõem o Brasil. MÉTODOS Análise secundária de um estudo transversal multicêntrico nacional, realizado em oito hospitais universitários públicos, entre 1º de junho e 31 de agosto de 2020, no Brasil. Amostra por conveniência incluindo mulheres que deram à luz em período de sessenta dias consecutivos e atenderam aos seguintes critérios: maiores de 18 anos; idade gestacional acima de 36 semanas no parto; com recém-nascido único e vivo, sem malformações. RESULTADOS Amostra composta por 1.120 puérperas, das quais 756 (67,5%) declararam que a gravidez não tinha sido programada. A mediana da prevalência de GNP foi de 59,7%. Observou-se diferença significativa na prevalência de GNP entre os hospitais: Campinas (54,8%), Porto Alegre (58,2%), Florianópolis (59%), Teresina (61,2%), Brasília (64,3%), São Paulo (64,6%), Campo Grande (73,9%) e Manaus (95,3%) (p < 0,001). Foram fatores significativamente associados a GNP a idade materna, cor negra, menor renda familiar, maior número de filhos, maior número de pessoas convivendo em casa e não ter parceiro. CONCLUSÃO Na amostra estudada, cerca de dois terços das gestações foram declaradas como não programadas. A prevalência de gestação não planejada teve relação com fatores sociais e demográficos e variou significativamente entre os hospitais universitários avaliados.

Aspectos do comportamento reprodutivo de Eunectes Murinus (Linnaeus, 1758)

This observation analyzes reproductive habots of Eunectes murinus, viviparous snake endemic os South America, with wide distribution in Brazil. One of its most flashy characteristics consists in its giant size and marked sexual dimorphism, important adaptive advantage of the species. Although it is not considered threatened with extinction, contemplative analysis are scarce (among other reasons) due to its semi aquatics routine. Its reproductive habits involve copulation between a female individual and one or more males, wich compete for days in order to perpetuate their genes. the females often cannibalize males and neonates, probably due to the long fasting period they pass through during the breeding season Parthenogenesis was also reported in the species, highlighted by genetic evidence. In this study, social media data has been classified and analyzed from different parameters (localization, environment, time of the year, number of animals and behavior), evidencing literature findings and instigating the realization of new behavioral studies in the field or ex situ.

A presente observação analisa hábtos reprodutivos de Eunectes murinus serpente vivípara endêmica da America do Sul, com ampla distribuição no Brasil. Uma de suas mais chamativas consiste em seu porte gigante e acentuado dimorfismo sexual, importante vatagem adaptativa da espécie. Apesae de não ser considerada ameaçada de extinção, análises contemplativas são escassas devido (dente outras razões) à sua torina semiaquática. Seus hábitos reprodutivos envolvem cópulas entre um indivíduo fêmea e um ou mais machos, os quais competem durante dia a fim de perpetuar seus genes. As fêmeas frequentemente realizam canibalismo de machos e neonatos, provavelmente devido ao longo período de jejum pelo qual passam durante a estação reprodutiva. A partenogênese também foi relatada na espécie, sendo evidenciada por comprovações genéticas. Neste trabalho, dados de redes sociais foram analisadas e classificadas a partir de diferentes parâmetros (localização, ambiente, época do ano, número de animais e comportamento), evidenciando os achados de literatura e instigado a realização de novos estudos de comportamento no campo ou ex situ.

Increased Risk for Maternal Anxiety during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Brazil among Pregnant Women without Comorbidities.

OBJECTIVE: To study maternal anxiety in pregnant women without comorbidities in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil and to study maternal knowledge and concerns about the pandemic. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis from a national multicenter cross-sectional study performed in 10 cities, from June to August, 2020, in Brazil. Interviewed postpartum women, without medical or obstetrical comorbidities, were included in the present subanalysis. A structured questionnaire and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied. RESULTS: Out of the 1,662 women, 763 (45.9%) met the criteria for the current analysis and 16.1% presented with moderate and 11.5% with severe maternal anxiety. Moderate or severe maternal anxiety was associated with high school education (odds ratio [OR]:1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.04-2.40). The protective factor was cohabiting with a partner (OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.29-0.73). There was a positive correlation between the total BAI score and receiving information about care in the pandemic (rpartial 0.15; p < 0.001); concern about vertical transmission of COVID-19 (rpartial 0.10; p = 0.01); receiving information about breastfeeding (rpartial 0.08; p = 0.03); concerns about prenatal care (rpartial 0.10; p = 0.01), and concerns about the baby contracting COVID-19 (rpartial 0.11; p = 0.004). The correlation was negative in the following aspects: self-confidence in protecting from COVID-19 (rpartial 0.08; p = 0.04), having learned (rpartial 0.09; p = 0.01) and self-confidence in breastfeeding (rpartial 0.22; p < 0.001) in the context of the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The anxiety of pregnant women without medical or obstetrical comorbidities was associated to high school educational level and not living with a partner during the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-confidence in protecting against COVID-19 and knowledge about breastfeeding care during the pandemic reduced maternal anxiety.

OBJETIVO: Estudar a ansiedade materna em gestantes sem comorbidades no contexto do surto de COVID-19 no Brasil e estudar o conhecimento e as preocupações maternas sobre a pandemia. MéTODOS: Trata-se de análise secundária de um estudo transversal multicêntrico nacional realizado em 10 cidades, de junho a agosto de 2020, no Brasil. Mulheres no pós-parto entrevistadas, sem comorbidades médicas ou obstétricas, foram incluídas nesta subanálise. Foram aplicados um questionário estruturado e o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI, na sigla em inglês). RESULTADOS: Das 1.662 mulheres, 763 (45,9%) atenderam aos critérios da análise atual e 16,1% apresentaram ansiedade materna moderada e 11,5% ansiedade materna grave. A ansiedade materna moderada ou grave foi associada à escolaridade no ensino médio (odds ratio [OR]: 1,58; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 1,04­2,40). O fator protetor foi coabitar com companheiro (OR: 0,46; IC95%: 0,29­0,73). Houve correlação positiva entre a pontuação total do BAI e o recebimento de informações sobre cuidados na pandemia (rparcial 0,15; p < 0,001); preocupação com a transmissão vertical de COVID-19 (rparcial 0,10; p = 0,01); receber informações sobre amamentação (rparcial 0,08; p = 0,03); preocupações sobre cuidados pré-natais (rparcial 0,10; p = 0,01) e preocupações sobre o bebê contrair COVID-19 (rparcial 0,11; p = 0,004). A correlação foi negativa com os seguintes aspectos: ter autoconfiança para se proteger (rparcial 0,08; p = 0,04), aprender (rparcial 0,09; p = 0,01) e ter autoconfiança para amamentar (rparcial 0,22; p < 0,001) no contexto da pandemia. CONCLUSãO: A ansiedade de gestantes sem comorbidades médicas ou obstétricas esteve associada à escolaridade no ensino médio e não morar com companheiro durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A autoconfiança na proteção contra COVID-19 e o conhecimento sobre os cuidados com a amamentação durante a pandemia reduziram a ansiedade materna.

Increased Risk for Maternal Anxiety during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Brazil among Pregnant Women without Comorbidities / Aumento do risco de ansiedade materna durante o surto de COVID-19 no Brasil entre gestantes sem comorbidades

Abstract Objective To study maternal anxiety in pregnant women without comorbidities in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil and to study maternal knowledge and concerns about the pandemic. Methods This is a secondary analysis from a national multicenter cross-sectional study performed in 10 cities, from June to August, 2020, in Brazil. Interviewed postpartum women, without medical or obstetrical comorbidities, were included in the present subanalysis. A structured questionnaire and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied. Results Out of the 1,662 women, 763 (45.9%) met the criteria for the current analysis and 16.1% presented with moderate and 11.5% with severe maternal anxiety. Moderate or severe maternal anxiety was associated with high school education (odds ratio [OR]:1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.04-2.40). The protective factor was cohabiting with a partner (OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.29-0.73). There was a positive correlation between the total BAI score and receiving information about care in the pandemic (rpartial 0.15; p < 0.001); concern about vertical transmission of COVID-19 (rpartial 0.10; p = 0.01); receiving information about breastfeeding (rpartial 0.08; p = 0.03); concerns about prenatal care (rpartial 0.10; p = 0.01), and concerns about the baby contracting COVID-19 (rpartial 0.11; p = 0.004). The correlation was negative in the following aspects: self-confidence in protecting from COVID-19 (rpartial 0.08; p = 0.04), having learned (rpartial 0.09; p = 0.01) and self-confidence in breastfeeding (rpartial 0.22; p < 0.001) in the context of the pandemic. Conclusion The anxiety of pregnant women without medical or obstetrical comorbidities was associated to high school educational level and not living with a partner during the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-confidence in protecting against COVID-19 and knowledge about breastfeeding care during the pandemic reduced maternal anxiety.

Resumo Objetivo Estudar a ansiedade materna em gestantes sem comorbidades no contexto do surto de COVID-19 no Brasil e estudar o conhecimento e as preocupações maternas sobre a pandemia. Métodos Trata-se de análise secundária de um estudo transversal multicêntrico nacional realizado em 10 cidades, de junho a agosto de 2020, no Brasil. Mulheres no pós-parto entrevistadas, sem comorbidades médicas ou obstétricas, foram incluídas nesta subanálise. Foram aplicados um questionário estruturado e o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI, na sigla em inglês). Resultados Das 1.662 mulheres, 763 (45,9%) atenderam aos critérios da análise atual e 16,1% apresentaram ansiedade materna moderada e 11,5% ansiedade materna grave. A ansiedade materna moderada ou grave foi associada à escolaridade no ensino médio (odds ratio [OR]: 1,58; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 1,04-2,40). O fator protetor foi coabitar com companheiro (OR: 0,46; IC95%: 0,29-0,73). Houve correlação positiva entre a pontuação total do BAI e o recebimento de informações sobre cuidados na pandemia (rparcial 0,15; p < 0,001); preocupação com a transmissão vertical de COVID-19 (rparcial 0,10; p = 0,01); receber informações sobre amamentação (rparcial 0,08; p = 0,03); preocupações sobre cuidados pré-natais (rparcial 0,10; p = 0,01) e preocupações sobre o bebê contrair COVID-19 (rparcial 0,11; p = 0,004). A correlação foi negativa com os seguintes aspectos: ter autoconfiança para se proteger (rparcial 0,08; p = 0,04), aprender (rparcial 0,09; p = 0,01) e ter autoconfiança para amamentar (rparcial 0,22; p < 0,001) no contexto da pandemia. Conclusão A ansiedade de gestantes sem comorbidades médicas ou obstétricas esteve associada à escolaridade no ensino médio e não morar com companheiro durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A autoconfiança na proteção contra COVID-19 e o conhecimento sobre os cuidados com a amamentação durante a pandemia reduziram a ansiedade materna.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Maternal Anxiety in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have an effect on maternal anxiety and influence postpartum experience. OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of maternal anxiety in late pregnancy in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil and to analyze its association with maternal knowledge and concerns about the pandemic. METHODS: This was a national multicenter cross-sectional study performed in 10 different public university hospitals, between 1 June and 31 August 2020, in Brazil. The inclusion criteria were: maternal age more than 18 years; gestational age more than 36 weeks at childbirth; single alive newborn without malformations; and absence of mental disorders. We applied a structured questionnaire to explore the knowledge and concerns about COVID-19. Maternal anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS: Of the 1662 women interviewed, the BAI score in late pregnancy indicated that 13.9% presented moderate and 9.6% severe maternal anxiety. Moderate or severe maternal anxiety was independently associated with the fear of being unaccompanied at childbirth (aOR1.12, 95% CI 1.10-1.35), and independent protective factors were confidence in knowing how to protect oneself from COVID-19 (aOR0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.97) and how to safely breastfeed (aOR0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.95). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on maternal anxiety.

Circadian Misalignment Is Negatively Associated with the Anthropometric, Metabolic and Food Intake Outcomes of Bariatric Patients 6 Months After Surgery.

PURPOSE: Circadian misalignment has been associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity, as well as changes in metabolic parameters. This study evaluated the association between social jet lag (SJL), a measure of circadian misalignment, and anthropometric, metabolic and food intake outcomes 6 months after bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 122 bariatric patients were included (77% female, aged 33 years (range 28-41); 79.5% underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass). Anthropometric, food consumption and SJL were evaluated in the preoperative evaluation and in the third and sixth months after surgery. SJL was calculated based on the absolute difference between the mid-sleep time on weekends and weekdays. Generalised estimating equations and linear regression were performed to evaluate the associations between mean SJL exposure and the outcomes. RESULTS: The interaction between SJL and follow-up time negatively influenced the evolution of weight (p = 0.01), BMI (p = 0.04) and insulin levels (p = 0.01). SJL had an effect on intake of calories (p = 0.001), carbohydrate (p = 0.005) and total (p = 0.007), monounsaturated (p = 0.03) and polyunsaturated fat (p < 0.001). Linear regression showed a negative association between mean SJL exposure over the 6 months and the percentage of weight loss (coefficient = - 0.30, p = 0.006), body weight loss (kg) (coefficient = - 0.17, p = 0.03) and the reduction of BMI (coefficient = - 0.24, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: SJL was negatively associated with anthropometric, metabolic and food consumption outcomes 6 months after bariatric surgery. Future studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov : NCT03485352.

Conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas sobre contracepção para adolescentes / Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de anticonceptivos para adolescentes / Knowledge, attitudes and practices on contraception for teens

Objective: to Investigate the communication, knowledge, attitudes and sexual behavior of adolescents. Method: this is an exploratory study and was conducted with students from the 7th to the 9th grade. Variables were: communication, attitudes, knowledge about contraception, sex, age, and sexual behavior. Analyses were performed by frequency, chi-square test, Student t and logistic regression. Results: of the 570 participants, most had 14-16 years and had little knowledge and unfavorable or ambivalent attitudes. Only 65% talked about contraception and 21.4% were sexually initiated. Among these, 49.3% had never usedcontraceptive methods (CM). There was no significant difference in the use of CMs between those who talkedabout contraception or not (p = 0.201). Conclusion: the results have presented a majority of sexually active adolescents under 15 years with knowledge and unfavorable attitudes to contraception and never used any CM. This study warns that communication about contraception should be encouraged before sexual initiation.

Objetivo: investigar comunicação, conhecimentos, atitudes e comportamento sexual dos adolescentes. Método: estudo exploratório conduzido com estudantes do 7º ao 9º ano de escolaridade. Foram variáveis:comunicação, atitudes, conhecimentos sobre contracepção, sexo, idade e comportamento sexual. As análises foram realizadas pela frequência, testes de qui-quadrado, t de student e regressão logística. Resultados: dos 570 participantes, a maioria tinha de 14 a 16 anos e apresentaram pouco conhecimento e atitudes desfavoráveis ou ambivalentes. Apenas 65% conversaram sobre contracepção e 21,4% eram iniciados sexualmente. Entre esses, 49,3% nunca usaram métodos contraceptivos (MC). Não houve diferença significativa no uso de MCs entre os que conversaram ou não sobre contracepção (p= 0.201). Conclusão: os resultados apresentaram uma maioria de adolescentes sexualmente ativos com menos de 15 anos, com conhecimento e atitudes desfavoráveis à contracepção e que nunca usou qualquer MC. Este estudo alerta que a comunicação sobre contracepção deve ser incentivada antes da iniciação sexual.

Objetivo: investigar la comunicación, el conocimiento, las actitudes y el comportamiento sexual de los adolescentes. Método: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio. Se llevó a cabo con estudiantes de 7mo a 9nogrado. Las variables fueron: la comunicación, las actitudes, los conocimientos sobre los métodos anticonceptivos, el sexo, la edad y el comportamiento sexual. Los análisis se realizaron por frecuencia, prueba de chi-cuadrado, t de Student y regresión logística. Resultados: De los 570 participantes, la mayoría tenía 14-16 años y tenía poco conocimiento y las actitudes desfavorables o ambivalentes. Sólo el 65% habló de la anticoncepción y el 21,4% se iniciaron sexualmente. Entre éstos, el 49,3% nunca había usado Métodos anticonceptivos (MC). No hubo diferencia significativa en el uso de los MCs entre los que habló acerca de la anticoncepción o no (p = 0,201). Conclusiòn: los resultados mostraron la mayoría de los adolescentes sexualmente activos menores de 15 años que tiene conocimientos y actitudes desfavorables a la anticoncepción y nunca utilizado cualquier MC. Este estudio advierte que la comunicación acerca de la anticoncepción debe alentarse antes de la iniciación sexual.

[Impact of sexual and reproductive health theme insertion in the undergraduate medical]. / Impacto da inserção da temática saúde sexual e reprodutiva na graduação de Medicina.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of sexual and reproductive health theme insertion in the undergraduate medical curriculum at a Brazilian public university. METHODS: We developed an instrument for cognitive assessment in sexual and reproductive health based on the subjects addressed in the optional curriculum component Reproductive Health, resulting in an objective multiple choice test containing 27 items. The selected topics were: human, sexual and reproductive rights (HSRR), sexuality, institutional violence, gender, sexual violence, conception, contraception, abortion/legal interruption of pregnancy, maternal mortality and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) - HIV/AIDS. The subjects were grouped into three dimensions of knowledge: HSRR, legal/institutional and biomedical. Two multivariate models were adjusted in the analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The study included 183 students, 127 of the group who took the elective curriculum course reproductive health (RH Group) and 56 who did not (Non-RH Group). Ninety-six students (52.5%) were males and 87 (47.5%) were females. Mean age was 24.7±1.9 years for the RH Group and 24.4±2.6 for the Non-RH Group. The average performance of the SR Group was higher than that of Non-RH subjects regarding the following subjects: HSRR, sexuality, institutional violence, sexual violence, abortion/legal interruption, and STDs - HIV/AIDS. There was no gender difference in performance, except for the theme maternal mortality, in which males scored worse than females (6.9±0.2 and 7.8±0.2, respectively; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The participation of students in the elective curriculum component Reproductive Health was associated with better performance in some dimensions of cognitive assessment, suggesting a positive impact of this initiative on general medical education.

Impacto da inserção da temática saúde sexual e reprodutiva na graduação de Medicina / Impact of sexual and reproductive health theme insertion in the undergraduate medical

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da inserção da temática saúde sexual e reprodutiva na graduação de Medicina em uma universidade pública do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi desenvolvido instrumento de avaliação cognitiva em saúde sexual e reprodutiva com base nos temas abordados no componente curricular optativo Saúde Reprodutiva, resultando em prova objetiva de múltipla escolha contendo 27 itens. Os temas selecionados foram: direitos humanos, sexuais e reprodutivos (DHSR), sexualidade, violência institucional, gênero, violência sexual, concepção, contracepção, aborto/interrupção legal da gestação, mortalidade materna e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs) - HIV/AIDS. Os temas foram agrupados em três dimensões do conhecimento: DHSR, legal/institucional e biomédica. Na análise de covariância, dois modelos multivariados foram ajustados. RESULTADOS : Participaram do estudo 183 alunos, 127 do grupo que cursou o componente curricular eletivo saúde reprodutiva (Grupo SR) e 56 do grupo que não cursou (Grupo Não SR). Noventa e seis alunos (52,5%) eram do sexo masculino e 87 (47,5%) do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 24,7±1,9 anos no Grupo SR e de 24,4±2,6 no Não SR. O desempenho médio do Grupo SR foi superior ao Não SR nos temas DHSR, sexualidade, violência institucional, violência sexual, aborto/interrupção legal e DSTs - HIV/AIDS. Não houve diferença no desempenho dos sexos masculino e feminino, com a exceção do tema mortalidade materna, no qual o grupo masculino foi inferior (6,9±0,2 e 7,8±0,2, respectivamente; p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A participação dos estudantes no componente curricular eletivo Saúde Reprodutiva mostrou-se associada com melhor desempenho em algumas dimensões ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of sexual and reproductive health theme insertion in the undergraduate medical curriculum at a Brazilian public university. METHODS: We developed an instrument for cognitive assessment in sexual and reproductive health based on the subjects addressed in the optional curriculum component Reproductive Health, resulting in an objective multiple choice test containing 27 items. The selected topics were: human, sexual and reproductive rights (HSRR), sexuality, institutional violence, gender, sexual violence, conception, contraception, abortion/legal interruption of pregnancy, maternal mortality and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) - HIV/AIDS. The subjects were grouped into three dimensions of knowledge: HSRR, legal/institutional and biomedical. Two multivariate models were adjusted in the analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The study included 183 students, 127 of the group who took the elective curriculum course reproductive health (RH Group) and 56 who did not (Non-RH Group). Ninety-six students (52.5%) were males and 87 (47.5%) were females. Mean age was 24.7±1.9 years for the RH Group and 24.4±2.6 for the Non-RH Group. The average performance of the SR Group was higher than that of Non-RH subjects regarding the following subjects: HSRR, sexuality, institutional violence, sexual violence, abortion/legal interruption, and STDs - HIV/AIDS. There was no gender difference in performance, except for the theme maternal mortality, in which males scored worse than females (6.9±0.2 and 7.8±0.2, respectively; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The participation of students in the elective curriculum component Reproductive Health was associated with better performance in some dimensions of cognitive assessment, suggesting a positive impact of this initiative on general medical education. .

Women with cardiovascular risk after preeclampsia: is there follow-up within the Unified Health System in Brazil?

OBJECTIVES: to identify women with cardiovascular risk, five years after a pre-eclampsic episode (PE), and identify the follow-up of these women within the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde--SUS), in the city of Natal/RN. METHODS: a quantitative and exploratory study conducted at the Januário Cicco University Maternity Ward/RN. The sample consisted of 130 women, 65 with a PE episode and 65 who were normotensive. RESULTS: we found statistical significance with regard to body mass index, weight, family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular complications when comparing women with previous PE to normotensive women. The groups were unaware of their cardiovascular risk factors and, in addition, they reported difficulties in accessing primary health care (PHC) services. CONCLUSIONS: women with a PE history are at increased risk of developing CVD, unaware of late PE complications, and lacked customized care when compared to normotensive patients.

Women with cardiovascular risk after preeclampsia: is there follow-up within the Unified Health System in Brazil? / Mulheres com risco cardiovascular apos pre-eclampsia: ha seguimento no Sistema Unico de Saude? / Mujeres con riesgo cardiovascular pos pre-eclampsia: Existe seguimiento en el sistema Unico de Salud?

OBJECTIVES: to identify women with cardiovascular risk, five years after a preeclampsic episode (PE), and identify the follow-up of these women within the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), in the city of Natal/RN. METHODS: a quantitative and exploratory study conducted at the Januário Cicco University Maternity Ward/RN. The sample consisted of 130 women, 65 with a PE episode and 65 who were normotensive. RESULTS: we found statistical significance with regard to body mass index, weight, family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular complications when comparing women with previous PE to normotensive women. The groups were unaware of their cardiovascular risk factors and, in addition, they reported difficulties in accessing primary health care (PHC) services. CONCLUSIONS: women with a PE history are at increased risk of developing CVD, unaware of late PE complications, and lacked customized care when compared to normotensive patients. .

OBJETIVOS: identificar mulheres com risco cardiovascular, cinco anos após a pré-eclâmpsia, e averiguar o seguimento dessas mulheres no Sistema Único de Saúde, em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. MÉTODOS: estudo exploratório, quantitativo, realizado na Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco, em Natal. A amostra foi de 130 mulheres, 65 com pré-eclâmpsia e 65 normotensas. RESULTADOS: constatou-se diferença estatística significativa no que se refere ao índice de massa corpórea, peso, histórico familiar de doenças cardiovasculares e complicação cardiovascular entre as mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia prévia e as normotensas. Os grupos desconheciam os fatores de risco cardiovasculares e, além disso, referiam dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de atenção primária. CONCLUSÕES: as mulheres com histórico de pré-eclâmpsia possuíam risco aumentado de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares, desconheciam as complicações tardias dessa doença e não recebiam seguimento ambulatorial diferenciado em relação às normotensas. .

OBJETIVOS: identificar mujeres con riesgo cardiovascular, cinco años después de la pre-eclampsia (PE), y averiguar el seguimiento de esas mujeres en el Sistema Único de Salud en Natal/RN. MÉTODOS: estudio exploratorio, cuantitativo, realizado en la Maternidad Escuela Januario Cicco - RN. La muestra fue compuesta de 130 mujeres, 65 con PE y 65 normotensas. RESULTADOS: se constató diferencia estadística significativa en lo que se refiere al índice de masa corpórea, peso, histórico familiar de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) y complicación cardiovascular entre las mujeres con PE previa y las normotensas. Los grupos desconocen los factores de riesgos cardiovasculares y, además de eso, refieren dificultades de acceso en los servicios de atención primaria. CONCLUSIONES: las mujeres con histórico de PE poseen riesgo aumentado de desarrollar ECV, desconocen las complicaciones tardías de esa enfermedad y en relación a las normotensas no reciben seguimiento en ambulatorio especializado. .

Preeclampsia is associated with increased maternal body weight in a northeastern Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a disease with great variability in incidence across the world. The mortality is higher in lower income countries, where it is the leading cause of maternal mortality. This study aimed to determine the frequency of and risk factors for preeclampsia in a low income population from an urban area of Brazil. METHODS: A prospective case control study of 242 women of which 30 developed preeclampsia, 4 had gestational hypertension, 2 had superimposed hypertension, 11 had spontaneous abortion, 13 were lost to follow up and 192 had normal pregnancy. This latter group was considered the normotensive controls. The rate of preeclampsia and the risk of cardiovascular disease, after onset of preeclampsia, were determined. RESULTS: Of the 218 women who completed the study, the frequency of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was 16.5% (36 of 218) and of preeclampsia was 13.8% (30 of 218). Women with preeclampsia had a higher body mass index (BMI), mean of 25.3 ± 4.8 compared to 23.5 ± 3.7 for the normotensive controls, p = 0.02. The risk of preeclampsia increased with BMI [Odds ratio (OR) 1.12, 95% Confidence Interval (CI = 1.02;1.24, p-value = 0.023)]. Women with preeclampsia developed chronic hypertension more often than normotensive controls (p = 0.043) and their systolic and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was elevated (p = 0.034). Women with preeclampsia had higher BMI even 5 years post-pregnancy (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Women who are overweight or older have an increased risk of preeclampsia. Previous history of preeclampsia increases the risk of early onset of chronic hypertension. Therefore, effective preventive measures are needed, particularly women at lower social economic stratum who have less access to proper medical care and adequate nutrition.

Social representations of mothers about gestational hypertension and premature birth.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the meanings attributed by mothers to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) and their consequences, such as premature birth and hospitalization of the infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHOD: A qualitative study, based on the Central Nucleus Theory, with 70 women who had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm delivery. We used the technique of free word association (FWAT) with three stimuli: high blood pressure during pregnancy, prematurity and NICU. RESULTS: We obtained 1007 evocations, distributed as follows: high blood pressure during pregnancy (335) prematurity (333) and NICU (339). These constituted three thematic units: representation of HDPs, prematurity and the NICU. The categories death and negative aspects were inherent to the three units analyzed, followed by coping strategies and needs for care present in HDPs and prematurity. CONCLUSION: The study had death as its central nucleus, and highlighted the subjective aspects present in the high risk pregnancy and postpartum cycle. It is hoped that this research will contribute to qualifying nursing care for women confronting the problem of HDPs, so that they can cope with less impacts from the adverse effects of high risk pregnancy and birth.

Social representations of mothers about gestational hypertension and premature birth / Representações sociais de puérperas sobre as síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e nascimento prematuro / Representaciones sociales de las madres sobre la hipertensión gestacional y parto prematuro

OBJECTIVE: To identify the meanings attributed by mothers to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) and their consequences, such as premature birth and hospitalization of the infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHOD: A qualitative study, based on the Central Nucleus Theory, with 70 women who had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm delivery. We used the technique of free word association (FWAT) with three stimuli: high blood pressure during pregnancy, prematurity and NICU. RESULTS: We obtained 1007 evocations, distributed as follows: high blood pressure during pregnancy (335) prematurity (333) and NICU (339). These constituted three thematic units: representation of HDPs, prematurity and the NICU. The categories death and negative aspects were inherent to the three units analyzed, followed by coping strategies and needs for care present in HDPs and prematurity. CONCLUSION: The study had death as its central nucleus, and highlighted the subjective aspects present in the high risk pregnancy and postpartum cycle. It is hoped that this research will contribute to qualifying nursing care for women confronting the problem of HDPs, so that they can cope with less impacts from the adverse effects of high risk pregnancy and birth. .

OBJETIVO: identificar os significados atribuídos por puérperas às síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e suas consequências, como o nascimento prematuro e a hospitalização do filho na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal MÉTODO: estudo qualitativo, baseado na Teoria do Núcleo Central, com 70 mulheres que apresentaram síndrome hipertensiva da gravidez e parto prematuro. Utilizou-se a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras com três estímulos: pressão alta na gravidez, prematuridade e unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. RESULTADOS: foram obtidas 1.007 evocações, assim distribuídas: pressão alta na gravidez (335) prematuridade (333) e unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (339). Constituíram-se três unidades temáticas: representação das síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez, da prematuridade e da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. As categorias morte e aspectos negativos foram inerentes às três unidades analisadas, seguidas de estratégias de enfrentamento e necessidade de cuidados, presentes nas síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e prematuridade. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo teve como núcleo central a morte, e se destacaram os aspectos subjetivos presentes no ciclo gravídico e puerperal de alto risco. Espera-se que essa investigação contribua para qualificar a assistência de enfermagem à mulher adiante da problemática das síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez, para que ela possa enfrentar com menos desgastes os efeitos adversos da gravidez e de nascimento de alto risco. .

OBJETIVO: Identificar los significados atribuidos por las madres de los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo (THE) y sus consecuencias, y sus consecuencias, tales como el nacimiento prematuro y hospitalización del recién nacido en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). Metodo: Un estudio cualitativo, basado en la teoría del núcleo central, con 70 mujeres que tenían trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo y parto prematuro. Se utilizó la técnica de la asociación libre de palabra (TALP) con tres estímulos: presión arterial alta durante el embarazo, nacimiento prematuro y UCIN. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 1007 evocaciones, distribuidos de la siguiente manera: presión arterial alta durante el embarazo (335) prematuridad (333) y UCIN (339). Estos constituyeron tres unidades temáticas: la representación de THE, prematuridad y UCIN. Las categorias muerte y aspectos negativos fueron inherentes a las tres unidades analizadas, seguidos por las estrategias de afrontamiento y las necesidades de atención actual en THE y prematuridad. CONCLUSÍON: El estudio tenía la muerte como su núcleo central, y puso de relieve los aspectos subjetivos presentes en el embarazo de alto riesgo y el ciclo de post-parto. Se espera que esta investigación contribuya a calificar la atención de enfermería para las mujeres que enfrentan el problema de los THE, de modo que puedan hacer frente con menos impacto de los efectos adversos de los embarazos de alto riesgo y el parto. .

Influence of smear layer removal and application mode of MTA on the marginal adaptation in immature teeth: a SEM analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This study was an ex vivo evaluation of the marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate as an apical barrier using teeth with an open apex and scanning electron microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen single-rooted human teeth were used. An artificial open apex was created using Gates Glidden drills #6-1 in a crown-down manner until the #1 bur passed through the foramen. A 1.36-mm divergent open apex was created at the foramen by retrograde apical transportation using a #40 Profile 0.6 taper instrument inserted to the length of the cutting blade. The teeth were divided into four groups (n = 4), and two teeth served as controls. The GI = mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was placed as a 5-mm-thick apical barrier without removal of the smear layer; GII = MTA was placed with indirect ultrasonic activation; GIII = apical plug was placed after removal of the smear layer without indirect ultrasonic activation; and GIV = MTA was placed with indirect ultrasonic activation, but the smear layer had been previously removed. The root apices were visualized with SEM (1000×), and 12 predetermined material/dentine interface points were measured (gaps). One-way anova and Bonferroni's post hoc tests were used to compare the linear measurements of the gaps between the groups. RESULTS: GIV had the lowest gap when compared with other groups, and no statistical differences were found among GI, GII, and GIII. CONCLUSIONS: The technique of MTA placement using passive ultrasonic vibration in association with smear layer removal improved the marginal adaptation of the material.

Significados atribuídos por puérperas às síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e nascimento prematuro / The meanings that postpartum women assign to gestational hypertension and premature birth / Significados atribuidos por puérperas a los síndromes hipertensivos de la gravidez y nacimiento prematuro

Este estudo objetivou compreender os significados de puérperas sobre as síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez que tiveram como consequência o parto pré-termo. Participaram 70 mulheres com idade média de 28 anos e para 85,7 por cento delas o parto ocorreu entre 32 e 36 semanas de gestação. Foi aplicado um questionário com questões subjetivas, com a finalidade de identificar os significados das síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e do parto prematuro para puérperas. Os resultados foram analisados com base no referencial teórico metodológico da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Evidenciou-se a construção de uma representação social de caráter negativo, que teve como núcleo central a morte e como periféricos os aspectos negativos decorrentes dos riscos aos quais estiveram expostos mãe e feto durante a gravidez e o parto e, posteriormente, no período puerperal, com a hospitalização do filho na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.

The objective of this study was to understand the meanings that postpartum women assign to gestational hypertension that resulted in premature birth. Participants were 70 women, with a mean age of 28 years, 85.7 percent of whom delivered between the 32nd and 36th gestational week. A questionnaire with subjective questions was applied to identify the meanings of gestational hypertension and premature delivery for postpartum women. Results were analyzed based on the Theory of Social Representations. We observed the construction of a negative social representation, with death as the central nucleus and negative aspects as the peripheral nuclei. The latter derive from the risks the mother and fetus were exposed to during pregnancy and later in the postpartum period with the hospitalization of the child in the neonatal intensive care unit.

El estudio objetivó comprender los significados de puérperas sobre los síndromes hipertensivos en gravidez que tuvieron como consecuencia un parto prematuro. Participaron 70 mujeres, media de edad de 28 años, para el 85,7 por ciento de ellas el parto ocurrió entre las 32 y 36 semanas de gestación. Se aplicó cuestionario con preguntas subjetivas, con el fin de identificar los significados de los síndromes hipertensivos den gravidez y del parto prematuro para puérperas. Los resultados fueron analizados con base en referencial teórico-metodológico de Representaciones Sociales. Se evidenció la construcción de una representación social de carácter negativo, que tuvo como núcleo central la muerte y como periféricos los aspectos negativos derivados del riesgo al cual estuvieron expuestos madre y feto durante la gravidez y el parto y, posteriormente, en el período puerperal, con la hospitalización del niño en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.