Environmental, economic, and social impacts of sugar cane bagasse and eggshell wastes for soil stabilization.

Sustainability is a core topic for all sectors including geotechnical engineering (e.g., design of foundations, earthworks structures, and pavements for major infrastructure and building projects). Despite being comprised of environmental, economic, and social pillars, most sustainability studies in this area have focused on the first. Furthermore, social impacts and the three pillars integration are little explored. As a result, there is a lack of systemic and holistic assessments of innovative geotechnical alternatives. This research advances in this area by performing a complete sustainability assessment and integration of the environmental, economic, and social pillars of two expansive soil stabilization alternatives: (i) sugar cane bagasse ash combined with hydrated eggshell lime alkali-activated by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and (ii) Portland cement. Individual analyses were carried out to determine the environmental, economic, and social impacts, and the single sustainability index. Alkali-activated binder dosages showed higher impacts in 4 out of 10 environmental categories. For both binders, high-density/low-binder dosages contributed to environmental and economic sustainability as they require lower quantities of raw materials and diesel for materials transportation. The total costs of alkali-activated binder dosages ($189.79 and $154.45) were higher than that of Portland cement ($72.49 and $54.04), mainly due to the high cost of NaOH acquisition. However, the alkali-activated binder dosages implied lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and thus lower social cost of CO2. The alternative binder presented a higher positive social impact. The alkali-activated high-density/low binder dosage is the most sustainable soil stabilization strategy.

Behaviour change intervention for toothbrushing (lesson and text messages) to prevent dental caries in secondary school pupils: The BRIGHT randomized control trial.

OBJECTIVES: This multicentre, assessor-blinded, two-arm cluster randomized trial evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a behaviour change intervention promoting toothbrushing for preventing dental caries in UK secondary schools. METHODS: Pupils aged 11-13 years with their own mobile telephone attending secondary schools with above average free school meals eligibility were randomized (at year-group level) to receive a lesson and twice-daily text messages or to usual care. Year-groups (n = 84) from 42 schools including 4680 pupils (intervention, n = 2262; control, n = 2418) were randomized. RESULTS: In 2383 participants with valid data at baseline and 2.5 years, the primary outcome of presence of at least one treated or untreated carious lesion (D4-6 MFT [Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth] in permanent teeth using International Caries Detection and Assessment System) was 44.6% in the intervention group and 43.0% in control (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% CI 0.85-1.26, p = .72). There were no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes of presence of at least one treated or untreated carious lesion (D1-6 MFT), number of D4-6 MFT and D1-6 MFT, plaque and bleeding scores or health-related- (Child Health Utility 9D) or oral health-related- quality of life (CARIES-QC). However, twice-daily toothbrushing, reported by 77.6% of pupils at baseline, increased at 6 months (intervention, 86.9%; control, 83.0%; OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03-1.63, p = .03), but returned to no difference at 2.5 years (intervention, 81.0%; control, 79.9%; OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.84-1.30, p = .69). Estimated incremental costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of the intervention, relative to control, were £1.02 (95% CI -1.29 to 3.23) and -0.003 (95% CI -0.009 to 0.002), respectively, with a 7% chance of being cost-effective (£20 000/QALY gained threshold). CONCLUSION: There was no evidence of statistically significant difference for caries prevalence at 2.5-years. The intervention's positive 6-month toothbrushing behaviour change did not translate into caries reduction. (ISRCTN 12139369). COVID-19 pandemic adversly affected follow-up.

"I Just Wanted a Dentist in My Phone"-Designing Evidence-Based mHealth Prototype to Improve Preschool Children's Oral and Dental Health: Multimethod Study of the Codevelopment of an App for Children's Teeth.

BACKGROUND: Dental caries in preschool children is a global health concern. With increased access to technology and the disruption of health care during the pandemic, mobile health apps have been of interest as potential vehicles for individuals' health maintenance. However, little is known about caring for their child's teeth and what their preferences would be regarding the content or design of an oral health app. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to co-design the prototype of an app named App for Children's Teeth with parents, providing a source of information for them about caring for their children's teeth and promoting positive dental habits. METHODS: This multimethod study conducted user involvement research with a purposive sample of parents or carers of children aged ≤6 years to (1) understand their use of the internet through the eHealth Literacy Scale and interviews, (2) determine their opinions about content related to children's oral health, and (3) collect feedback about the app's acceptability using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. There were three stages: (1) interviews with parents to understand their needs, preferences, and abilities; (2) prototype design with app developers; and (3) parent feedback interviews using the think aloud method for data collection. Data were deductively analyzed using a codebook strategy, whereas data from the think aloud sessions were analyzed inductively using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: The prototype design stage involved 10 parents who reported using the internet for health information but found it to be scattered and contradictory. Parents generally welcomed the App for Children's Teeth but expressed concerns about screen time and practicality. They suggested guidance regarding oral hygiene practices, teething symptoms, and pain relief. Parents appreciated features such as clear fonts, categorization according to their child's age, and "In a Nutshell" bullet points. Topics that resonated with parents included information about teething, finding a dentist, and breastfeeding. They believed that the app aligned with their goals and offered suggestions for future developments, such as outlining the process of finding a dentist and incorporating a forum for parents to communicate and exchange ideas. CONCLUSIONS: The coproduction design approach highlighted parents' need for solutions such as mobile health apps to access reliable information about oral health. Parents identified key design concepts for the app, including a simple and uncluttered interface, content categorization according to their child's age, and practical guidance supported by visual aids. Despite potential challenges related to screen time restrictions, parents provided insights into how such an app could fit seamlessly into their lives. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework; https://osf.io/uj9az.

Prevalence of tuberculosis, COVID-19, chronic conditions and vulnerabilities among migrants and refugees: an electronic survey / Prevalência de tuberculose, COVID-19, condições crônicas e vulnerabilidades entre migrantes e refugiados: inquérito eletrônico / Prevalencia de tuberculosis, COVID-19, condiciones crónicas y vulnerabilidades en inmigrantes y refugiados: encuesta electrónica

Abstract Objective: to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis, coronavirus, chronic conditions and vulnerabilities among migrants and refugees in Brazil. Method: this is a cross-sectional study of the electronic survey type conducted with international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics was applied for the analysis, with calculation of position and dispersion measures. Regarding the categorical variables, relative and absolute frequencies were estimated. Results: the study participants were 553 migrants and refugees, verifying 3.07%, 7.2% and 27.3% prevalence of tuberculosis, COVID-19 and chronic conditions, respectively. Among the vulnerabilities, 32% reported unemployment, 37.6% moved to Brazil as a result of the social situation in their countries and 33.6% were living as refugees or sheltered people. Conclusion: tuberculosis, chronic diseases and COVID-19 presented higher prevalence values in migrants and refugees than in the general population. As this is a population group that still has significant difficulty accessing health services and social protection systems, based on diverse evidence, the study will subsidize public policies, Nursing care and the incorporation of new routines in the service.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de tuberculose, coronavírus, condições crônicas e vulnerabilidades entre migrantes e refugiados no Brasil. Método: trata-se de estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito eletrônico, realizado com migrantes internacionais durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Para a análise, aplicou-se estatística descritiva, com cálculo de medidas de posição e de dispersão. Quanto às variáveis categóricas, estimaram-se as frequências relativas e absolutas. Resultados: participaram do estudo 553 migrantes e refugiados, verificando-se prevalência de 3,07% de tuberculose, 7,2% de COVID-19 e 27,3% de condições crônicas. Entre as vulnerabilidades, 32% referiram desemprego, 37,6% mudaram para o Brasil em decorrência da situação social do seu país e 33,6% residiam em asilo e ou abrigo. Conclusão: a tuberculose, as doenças crônicas e a COVID-19 apresentaram maior prevalência em migrantes e refugiados que na população em geral. Por tratar-se de uma população ainda com grande dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde e aos sistemas de proteção social, o estudo subsidiará, com base em evidências, as políticas públicas, o atendimento do enfermeiro e a incorporação de novas rotinas no serviço.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de tuberculosis, coronavirus, condiciones crónicas y vulnerabilidades en inmigrantes y refugiados en Brasil. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, del tipo encuesta electrónica, realizado con migrantes internacionales durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Para el análisis se aplicó estadística descriptiva, con cálculo de medidas de posición y dispersión. En cuanto a las variables categóricas, se estimaron las frecuencias relativas y absolutas. Resultados: participaron del estudio 553 inmigrantes y refugiados, la prevalencia de tuberculosis era del 3,07%, de COVID-19 del 7,2% y de condiciones crónicas del 27,3%. Entre las vulnerabilidades, el 32% reportó desempleo, el 37,6% emigró a Brasil por la situación social de su país y el 33,6% vivía en un asilo o albergue. Conclusión: la tuberculosis, las enfermedades crónicas y el COVID-19 fueron más prevalentes en inmigrantes y refugiados que en la población general. Por tratarse de una población que aún tiene grandes dificultades para acceder a los servicios de salud y sistemas de protección social, el estudio contribuirá, con base en la evidencia, a las políticas públicas, la atención de enfermería y la incorporación de nuevas rutinas en el servicio.

Metal encapsulation of waste foundry sand stabilized with alkali-activated binder: Batch and column leaching tests.

Waste stabilization processes are important to add value and reduce environmental risks related to metal contamination of soils and groundwater. This study evaluated the metal encapsulation of: (i) waste foundry sand (WFS) stabilized with an alkali-activated binder (AAB), compared to (ii) WFS-Portland cement (PC) mixture. The AAB was composed by sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA), hydrated eggshell lime, and sodium hydroxide solution. The metal leaching behavior from WFS-AAB and WFS-PC was investigated through batch and column tests according to NBR 10005 and ASTM D4874 methods, respectively. All WFS-AAB and WFS-PC mixtures showed no metal toxicity. WFS-AAB matrices encapsulated the heavy metals Cd, Cr, and Pb from WFS and SCBA. Leaching results from NBR 10005 method were more favorable than ASTM D4874 for water quality limits (CONAMA 460, Dutch List, and EPA). Binder type, metals leaching patterns, and leaching test procedures were key factors in understanding the environmental performance of cemented WFS.

An Integrated Neurorobotics Model of the Cerebellar-Basal Ganglia Circuitry.

This work presents a neurorobotics model of the brain that integrates the cerebellum and the basal ganglia regions to coordinate movements in a humanoid robot. This cerebellar-basal ganglia circuitry is well known for its relevance to the motor control used by most mammals. Other computational models have been designed for similar applications in the robotics field. However, most of them completely ignore the interplay between neurons from the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Recently, neuroscientists indicated that neurons from both regions communicate not only at the level of the cerebral cortex but also at the subcortical level. In this work, we built an integrated neurorobotics model to assess the capacity of the network to predict and adjust the motion of the hands of a robot in real time. Our model was capable of performing different movements in a humanoid robot by respecting the sensorimotor loop of the robot and the biophysical features of the neuronal circuitry. The experiments were executed in simulation and the real world. We believe that our proposed neurorobotics model can be an important tool for new studies on the brain and a reference toward new robot motor controllers.

Long-Term Lifestyle Habits and Quality of Life after Roux-in-Y Gastric Bypass in Brazilian Public versus Private Healthcare Systems: Beyond Weight Loss.

Lifestyle and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are good markers of surgical obesity treatment. This study aimed to investigate the lifestyle and HRQoL of patients at least five years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in public (SUS) and private (PVT) Brazilian healthcare systems. In this cross-sectional study, weight loss (WL), % of excess WL (%EWL), diet quality, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and HRQoL were evaluated. Analysis of covariance, binary and multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, were performed. The SUS group had more vulnerable socioeconomic statuses than the PVT group. Total %WL and % EWL were 24.64 ± 0.99% and 60.46 ± 2.41%, respectively, without difference between groups. In the Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety/Depression domains of HRQoL, more than 50% reported moderate problems without differences between groups. Processed food ingestion was higher in the PVT (132.10 ± 60.15 g/1000 kcal) than in the SUS (103.43 ± 41.72 g/1000 kcal), however, without statistical significance (p = 0.093). The PVT group showed lower physical activity (OR: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.87-0.63; p = 0.004) and a higher risk of alcohol-related problems (OR: 3.23; 95%CI; 1.03-10.10; p = 0.044) compared to SUS group. Participants generally achieved satisfactory WL, regardless of healthcare systems. However, PVT participants had unfavorable lifestyle characteristics, highlighting the need for studies investigating environmental issues post-bariatric surgery.

Safety and Efficacy of 2D Brachytherapy vs. 3D Image-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer-A Single Institution Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: The treatment paradigm for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) has shifted from two-dimensional-brachytherapy (2D-BT) to three-dimensional-image-guided adaptive BT (3D-IGABT). In this retrospective study, we report our experience with the change from 2D-BT to 3D-IGABT. METHODS: We reviewed 146 LACC patients (98 3D-IGABT and 48 2D-BT) who received chemoradiation between 2004 and 2019. The multivariable odds ratio (OR) for treatment-related toxicities and hazard ratios (HR) for locoregional control (LRC), distant control (DC), failure-free survival (FFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) are reported. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 50.3 months. There was a significant decrease in overall late toxicities in the 3D-IGABT group compared to the 2D-BT group (OR 0.22[0.10-0.52]), late gastrointestinal (OR 0.31[0.10-0.93]), genitourinary (OR 0.31[0.09-1.01]) and vaginal toxicities (0% vs. 29.6%). Grade ≥ 3 toxicity was low in both groups (2D-BT: 8.2% acute, 13.3% late vs. 3D-IGABT: 6.3% acute, 4.4% late, NS). The five-year LRC, DC, FFS, CSS and OS for 3D-IGABT were 92.0%, 63.4%, 61.7%, 75.4% and 73.6%, compared to 87.3%, 71.8%, 63.7%, 76.3% and 70.8% for 2D-BT (NS). CONCLUSIONS: 3D-IGABT for the treatment of LACC is associated with a decrease in overall late gastrointestinal, genitourinary and vaginal toxicities. The disease control or survival outcomes were comparable to contemporary 3D-IGABT studies.

RagD auto-activating mutations impair MiT/TFE activity in kidney tubulopathy and cardiomyopathy syndrome.

Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding RagD GTPase were shown to cause a novel autosomal dominant condition characterized by kidney tubulopathy and cardiomyopathy. We previously demonstrated that RagD, and its paralogue RagC, mediate a non-canonical mTORC1 signaling pathway that inhibits the activity of TFEB and TFE3, transcription factors of the MiT/TFE family and master regulators of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Here we show that RagD mutations causing kidney tubulopathy and cardiomyopathy are "auto- activating", even in the absence of Folliculin, the GAP responsible for RagC/D activation, and cause constitutive phosphorylation of TFEB and TFE3 by mTORC1, without affecting the phosphorylation of "canonical" mTORC1 substrates, such as S6K. By using HeLa and HK-2 cell lines, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and patient-derived primary fibroblasts, we show that RRAGD auto-activating mutations lead to inhibition of TFEB and TFE3 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, which impairs the response to lysosomal and mitochondrial injury. These data suggest that inhibition of MiT/TFE factors plays a key role in kidney tubulopathy and cardiomyopathy syndrome.

Prevalence of tuberculosis, COVID-19, chronic conditions and vulnerabilities among migrants and refugees: an electronic survey.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis, coronavirus, chronic conditions and vulnerabilities among migrants and refugees in Brazil. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional study of the electronic survey type conducted with international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics was applied for the analysis, with calculation of position and dispersion measures. Regarding the categorical variables, relative and absolute frequencies were estimated. RESULTS: the study participants were 553 migrants and refugees, verifying 3.07%, 7.2% and 27.3% prevalence of tuberculosis, COVID-19 and chronic conditions, respectively. Among the vulnerabilities, 32% reported unemployment, 37.6% moved to Brazil as a result of the social situation in their countries and 33.6% were living as refugees or sheltered people. CONCLUSION: tuberculosis, chronic diseases and COVID-19 presented higher prevalence values in migrants and refugees than in the general population. As this is a population group that still has significant difficulty accessing health services and social protection systems, based on diverse evidence, the study will subsidize public policies, Nursing care and the incorporation of new routines in the service.

Structure of the lysosomal mTORC1-TFEB-Rag-Ragulator megacomplex.

The transcription factor TFEB is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy1. The phosphorylation of TFEB by the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)2-5 is unique in its mTORC1 substrate recruitment mechanism, which is strictly dependent on the amino acid-mediated activation of the RagC GTPase activating protein FLCN6,7. TFEB lacks the TOR signalling motif responsible for the recruitment of other mTORC1 substrates. We used cryogenic-electron microscopy to determine the structure of TFEB as presented to mTORC1 for phosphorylation, which we refer to as the 'megacomplex'. Two full Rag-Ragulator complexes present each molecule of TFEB to the mTOR active site. One Rag-Ragulator complex is bound to Raptor in the canonical mode seen previously in the absence of TFEB. A second Rag-Ragulator complex (non-canonical) docks onto the first through a RagC GDP-dependent contact with the second Ragulator complex. The non-canonical Rag dimer binds the first helix of TFEB with a RagCGDP-dependent aspartate clamp in the cleft between the Rag G domains. In cellulo mutation of the clamp drives TFEB constitutively into the nucleus while having no effect on mTORC1 localization. The remainder of the 108-amino acid TFEB docking domain winds around Raptor and then back to RagA. The double use of RagC GDP contacts in both Rag dimers explains the strong dependence of TFEB phosphorylation on FLCN and the RagC GDP state.

Suplementação de glutamina na recuperação da flora intestinal / Glutamine supplementation in gut flora recovery / La suplementación con glutamina en la recuperación de la flora intestinal

Objetivo: evidenciar através de uma revisão integrativa os resultados clínicos atuais da suplementação de glutamina na melhora da saúde intestinal, através de sintomas e exames bioquímicos. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada no período de setembro de de 2021 nas bases de dados Pubmed e Scielo. Resultados: Foi realizado uma busca pelos descritores em saúde determinados e foram selecionadas 08 produções cientificas que atenderam os critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Sugere-se novas pesquisas que elucidem as dosagens, efeitos colaterais e respostas terapêuticas da glutamina sobre parâmetros de saúde intestinal.

Objective: to evidence through an integrative review the current clinical results of glutamine supplementation in the improvement of intestinal health, through symptoms and biochemical tests. Method: Integrative review of the literature conducted in the period of September 2021 in the Pubmed and Scielo databases. Results: A search was performed for the defined health descriptors and 08 scientific productions were selected that met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Further research is suggested to elucidate the dosages, side effects and therapeutic responses of glutamine on intestinal health parameters.

Objetivo: evidenciar a través de una revisión integradora los resultados clínicos actuales de la suplementación con glutamina en la mejora de la salud intestinal, a través de síntomas y pruebas bioquímicas. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en el periodo de septiembre de 2021 en las bases de datos Pubmed y Scielo. Resultados: Se realizó una búsqueda de los descriptores de salud definidos y se seleccionaron 08 producciones científicas que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Conclusión: Se sugiere investigación adicional para dilucidar las dosis, los efectos secundarios y las respuestas terapéuticas de la glutamina en los parámetros de salud intestinal.

Aplicativo SARA para tratamento de pessoas com tuberculose: estudo metodológico / Aplicación SARA para tratamiento de personas con tuberculosis: estudio metodológico / SARA application for treating people with tuberculosis: a methodological study

Resumo Objetivo Construir um aplicativo para o acompanhamento do tratamento de pessoas com tuberculose. Métodos Estudo metodológico com três fases: preparação do mapa conceitual por meio de manuais do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e da Organização Mundial da Saúde; a construção do aplicativo com a elaboração do projeto de navegação e a prototipagem; e validação por conteúdo e semântica guiada pelo método de Pasquale com validação de conteúdo por juízes especialistas em saúde em ambiente online e validação de semântica pelo público-alvo, pessoas com tuberculose atendidas em uma unidade de saúde de Natal, no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, por meio da Técnica Delphi analisada a partir do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados Construiu-se o aplicativo em sua versão final após três etapas da Técnica Delphi. Na etapa Delphi 3, o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global foi de 0,92, sendo avaliado por sete juízes especialistas nas regiões Norte, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste e validado por seis pessoas com tuberculose atendidas, alcançando um Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global de 0,98. Conclusão O aplicativo foi validado quanto ao conteúdo e à semântica por juízes especialistas, em uma perspectiva multiprofissional, e atuantes na área de tuberculose de mais de uma região do Brasil e pelo público-alvo a que se destina, sendo considerado uma ferramenta importante para somar às estratégias de controle para o fim da tuberculose.

Resumen Objetivo Elaborar una aplicación para el seguimiento del tratamiento de personas con tuberculosis. Métodos Estudio metodológico de tres fases: preparación del mapa conceptual por medio de manuales del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud; desarrollo de la aplicación con la elaboración del proyecto de navegación y creación del prototipo; y validación de contenido y semántica guiada por el método de Pasquale, en la cual la validación de contenido fue realizada por jueces especialistas en salud en ambiente virtual y la validación semántica por el público destinatario, personas con tuberculosis atendidas en una unidad de salud de Natal, estado de Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, mediante el método Delphi analizado a partir del Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados Se elaboró la aplicación en su versión final luego de tres etapas del método Delphi. En la etapa Delphi 3, el Índice de Validez de Contenido global fue 0,92, evaluado por siete jueces especialistas de las regiones Norte, Nordeste, Centro-oeste, Sur y Sudeste, y validado por seis personas con tuberculosis atendidas, con un Índice de Validez de Contenido global de 0,98. Conclusión La aplicación fue validada respecto al contenido y a la semántica por jueces especialistas, bajo una perspectiva multiprofesional y del área de tuberculosis con presencia en más de una región de Brasil, y por el público destinatario. Fue considerada una herramienta importante para sumar a las estrategias de control para el fin de la tuberculosis.

Abstract Objective To develop an application for monitoring the treatment of individuals with tuberculosis. Methods A methodological study with three phases: preparation of the concept map according to the manuals of the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization; development of the application, with navigation and prototyping design; and based on Pasquale's method, content validation was performed by health experts in an online environment with semantic validation by the target audience, individuals with tuberculosis treated in a health unit in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, using the Delphi technique, analyzed using the Content Validity Index. Results The final version of the application was developed after three rounds of the Delphi technique. In the third Delphi round, the overall Content Validity Index was 0.92, as rated by seven expert evaluators in the North, Northeast, Central-West, South, and Southeast of Brazil, and validated by six patients being treated for tuberculosis, obtaining an overall Content Validity Index of 0.98. Conclusion The application was validated regarding content and semantics by expert evaluators working in the area of tuberculosis in more than one region of Brazil, from a multidisciplinary perspective, and by the target audience for which it is intended. It was considered an important tool to contribute to control strategies for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Acesso a Medicamentos do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica: uma Revisão Integrativa / Access to drugs from the specialized component of pharmaceutical assistance: an integrative review / Acceso a medicamentos del componente especializado de asistencia farmacéutica: una revisión integradora

Objetivo:Descrever as dificuldades e/ ou facilidades encontradas no acesso a medicamentos do CEAF. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura, com levantamento online no Portal de Periódicos Eletrônicos disponibilizado pela CAPES, nas Bases de Dados DOAJ, Latindex, SciELO Brazil e Medline Complete, com os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde: Assistência farmacêutica, Medicamentos do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica e Acesso aos serviços de saúde. Foram selecionados nove artigos, sendo realizada análise descritiva, com a criação das categorias: Facilidades no acesso aos medicamentos do CEAF; Dificuldades no acesso aos medicamentos do CEAF. Resultados:As facilidades encontradas foram: descentralização; aumento de usuários; qualificação da equipe; encaminhamento dos documentos; preenchimento da prescrição médica com Denominação Comum Brasileira; infraestrutura; participação do farmacêutico; oferta de medicamentos em casa. Já as dificuldades foram: insuficiência de recursos; acesso a consultas; tempo para avaliação das solicitações; necessidade de incorporação de medicamentos; insuficiência de farmacêutico; falta de estrutura física; déficit de conhecimento dos médicos e farmacêuticos sobre os PCDT; ações judiciais. Conclusão: É necessário superar os desafios encontrados para que o acesso aos medicamentos do CEAF seja efetivado na prática enquanto direito de cidadania

Objective:To describe the difficulties and/or facilities encountered in accessing CEAF medication. Method:Integrative literature review, with online survey in the Electronic Journals Portal made available by CAPES, in the DOAJ, Latindex, SciELO Brazil and Medline Complete Databases, with the Health Sciences Descriptors: Pharmaceutical assistance, Medicines ofthe Specialized Component of Assistance Pharmaceuticals and Access to Health Services. Nine articles were selected, and a descriptive analysis was carried out, with the creation of the categories: Ease of access to CEAF medicines; Difficulties in accessing CEAF medicines. Results:The facilities found were: decentralization; increase in users; team qualification; routing of documents; filling out the medical prescription with Brazilian Common Denomination; infrastructure; pharmacist participation; supply of medicines at home. The difficulties were: insufficient resources; access to queries; time for evaluating requests; need for medication incorporation; pharmacist insufficiency; lack of physical structure; lack of knowledge of physicians and pharmacists about PCDT; judicial actions. Conclusion:It is necessary to overcome the challenges encountered so that access to CEAF medicines is implemented in practice as a right of citizenship.

Objetivo: Describir las dificultades y/o facilidades encontradas en el acceso a la medicación CEAF. Método:Revisión integrativa de la literatura, con encuesta en línea en el Portal de Revistas Electrónicas disponible por la CAPES, en las Bases de Datos DOAJ, Latindex, SciELO Brasil y Medline Complete, con los Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud: Asistencia Farmacéutica, Medicamentos del Componente Especializado de Asistencia Farmacéutica y Acceso a los Servicios de Salud. Se seleccionaron nueve artículos y se realizó un análisis descriptivo, con la creación de las categorías: Facilidad de acceso a los medicamentos del CEAF; Dificultades en el acceso a los medicamentos del CEAF. Resultados:Las facilidades encontradas fueron: descentralización; aumento de usuarios; calificación del equipo; enrutamiento de documentos; diligenciamiento de la prescripción médica con Denominación Común Brasileña; infraestructura; participación farmacéutica; suministro de medicamentos a domicilio. Las dificultades fueron: recursos insuficientes; acceso a consultas; tiempo para evaluar las solicitudes; necesidad de incorporación de medicamentos; insuficiencia farmacéutica; falta de estructura física; falta de conocimiento de médicos y farmacéuticos sobre PCDT; acciones judiciales. Conclusión:Es necesario superar los desafíos encontrados para que el acceso a los medicamentos del CEAF sea implementado en la práctica como un derecho de ciudadanía.

A neutralidade analítica em questão: um percurso clínico-político / The issue of analytical neutrality: A clinical-political trajectory / La neutralité analytique en question: un parcours clinique-politique / La neutralidad analítica en cuestion: un percurso clínico-político

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar os múltiplos sentidos atribuídos à noção de neutralidade analítica. Tal palavra foi usada pela primeira vez por Strachey na tradução inglesa do texto "Observações sobre o amor transferencial" e emergiu nas discussões clínicas dos pós-freudianos e psicólogos do ego sobre abstinência e contratransferência. Em seguida, uma investigação sobre a história do movimento psicanalítico brasileiro demonstra, mediante notícias e relatos do Caso Amílcar Lobo, candidato a analista envolvido com a tortura política, que a noção de neutralidade foi empregada para ocultar a omissão das instituições nacionais e internacionais frente à violência de Estado durante a ditadura militar. Defendemos a importância de entrelaçar ambas as perspectivas teórica e sociopolítica para considerar a questão da neutralidade com a devida complexidade.

The objective of this article is to examine the multiple meanings attributed to the notion of analytical neutrality. Such a word was used for the first time by Strachey in the English translation of the text "Observations on Transference-Love" and emerged in post-Freudians and Ego psychologists' clinical discussions about abstinence and countertransference. A subsequent investigation into the history of Brazilian's psychoanalytical movement demonstrates, through news items and published reports of the Amílcar Lobo Case, analyst candidate involved with political torture, that the notion of neutrality was employed to conceal the omission of national and international institutions towards State violence during the military dictatorship. We defend the importance of interlacing both theoretical and sociopolitical perspectives to consider the issue of neutrality with appropriate complexity.

L'objectif de cet article est d'examiner les multiples sens attribués à la notion de neutralité analytique. Tel mot a été utilisé par la première fois dans la traduction anglaise faite par Strachey du text "Observations sur l'amour de transfert", et a emergé dans les discussions cliniques sur l'abstinence et le contre-transfert chez les post-freudiens et les psychologues de l'ego. Ensuite, une investigation sur l'histoire du mouvement psychanalytique brésilien démontre, par le biais des nouvelles et récits du Cas Amílcar Lobo, celui-ci candidat à la position de psychanalyste et impliqué dans des cas de torture politique, que la notion de neutralité a été employé pour occulter l'omission des institutions nationaux et internationaux face à la violence de l'État pendant la dictature militaire. On défend l'importance d'entrelacer tous les deux perspectives téoriques et sociopolitiques pour approcher la question de la neutralité politique avec la complexité requise.

El objetivo de este artículo es examinar los múltiples sentidos atribuidos a la noción de neutralidad analítica. Tal palabra fue usada por primera vez por Strachey en la traducción inglesa del texto "Observaciones sobre el amor de trasferencia" y emergió en las discusiones clínicas de los post-freudianos y psicólogos del ego sobre la abstinencia y la contratrasferencia. Una investigación subsiguiente sobre la historia del movimiento psicoanalítico brasileño, mediante los artículos y relatos del caso Amílcar Lobo, analista-candidato enzarzado con la tortura política, que la noción de neutralidad fue empleada para ocultar la omisión de las instituciones nacionales e internacionales frente a la violencia estatal de la dictadura militar. Defendimos la importancia de entrelazar ambas perspectivas teórica y sociopolítica para considerar la cuestión de la neutralidad con la debida complejidad.

Neuraxial block anesthetic technique in a patient with SCN8A encephalopathy: case report

Abstract Mutations in SCN8A gene lead to changes in sodium channels in the brain, which are correlated with severe epileptic syndrome. Due to the rarity, there are few studies that support anesthesia in that population. The present study aims to report alternatives to inhalation anesthesia at epileptic encephalopathy. Case report: Male, 4 years old, with SCN8A encephalopathy with surgical indication of orchidopexy. Neuroaxis block was performed and dexmedetomidine was used as a pre-anesthetic and sedation. The anestheticsurgical act was uneventful. Conclusion: The association of neuraxial block and dexmedetomidine proved to be a viable alternative for surgery in patients with SCN8A encephalopathy.

Bartlett and Bartlett-type corrections in heteroscedastic symmetric nonlinear regression models.

This paper provides general expressions for Bartlett and Bartlett-type correction factors for the likelihood ratio and gradient statistics to test the dispersion parameter vector in heteroscedastic symmetric nonlinear models. This class of regression models is potentially useful to model data containing outlying observations. Furthermore, we develop Monte Carlo simulations to compare size and power of the proposed corrected tests to the original likelihood ratio, score, gradient tests, corrected score test, and bootstrap tests. Our simulation results favor the score and gradient corrected tests as well as the bootstrap tests. We also present an empirical application.

New Insights on the Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on weight loss (WL) after bariatric surgery (BS) remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between SES and WL at least 12 months after BS. This study included 53 observational studies (retrieved from databases in October 2021 and updated in February 2022) involving adults who underwent any type of BS; SES data and data regarding outcomes of weight loss were also retrieved. Our results revealed that white individuals had a higher percentage of excess WL than blacks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.25-10.99, heterogeneity index [I2] = 44.87% and 95% CI: 8.08-13.59, I2 = 0%, respectively; both p < 0.01) after 12 and 24 months of BS. In conclusion, only race/ethnicity was associated with WL after BS.

Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo: Relato de um Caso Atípico / Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Report of an Atypical Case

A Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) é uma ferramenta indispensável durante o processo terapêutico de pacientes que se enquadram no Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo (TOC). O presente artigo teve como objetivo principal relatar que, mesmo em um caso grave deste transtorno, através da TCC associada à psicofarmacologia, foi possível diminuir os sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos. Este caso retrata um processo diagnóstico de TOC de um paciente de 59 anos, cujos sintomas se iniciaram na infância e foram tratados somente com ênfase em um tipo medicamentoso (Clomipramina, 300 mg/dia), causando persistência dos sintomas. Os comportamentos-alvo selecionados (todos sendo parte do espectro obsessivo-compulsivo), analisados funcionalmente e com intervenções bem descritas propunham diminuir a apresentação dos sintomas, entretanto, sem a pretensão de suprimi-los completamente. Este estudo de caso permitiu verificar uma melhora significativa nos comportamentos-problema apresentados inicialmente pelo paciente e, assim, constatar a efetividade da terapia cognitivo-comportamental associada à psicofarmacologia e da escolha das intervenções, com base na aplicação da escala Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive (Y-BOCS) durante o período de 20 semanas, com a diminuição de quase 50% dos sintomas na percepção dos pacientes.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an indispensable tool during the therapeutic process of patients who fall into Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The main objective was to report that, even in a severe case of this disorder, through CBT associated with psychopharmacology, it was possible to decrease the obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This case portrays a diagnostic process of OCD of a 59-year-old patient whose symptoms started in childhood and were treated only with an emphasis on one type of medication (Clomipramine, 300 mg/day), causing the persistence of symptoms. The selected target behaviors (all being part of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum) were functionally analyzed and with well-described interventions proposed to decrease the presentation of symptoms, however, without the pretension of completely suppressing them. This case study allowed us to verify a significant improvement in the problem behaviors initially presented by the client and, thus, to verify the effectiveness of the cognitive behavioral therapy associated with psychopharmacology and the choice of interventions, based on the application of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) during 20 weeks, with a decrease of almost 50% of the symptoms in the patient's perception.

Sarcopenic obesity diagnosis by different criteria mid-to long-term post-bariatric surgery.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to apply the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism/European Association for the Study of Obesity (ESPEN/EASO) consensus to identify sarcopenic obesity (SO) in adults mid to long-term post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) using both dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Further, this approach was compared to accepted sarcopenia diagnostic criteria (Revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People [EWGSOP2] and Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium [SDOC]). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included adults ≥2 years post-RYGB surgery. Obesity was diagnosed by excess fat mass (FM) for all diagnostic criteria. Agreement was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa. RESULTS: We evaluated 186 participants (90.9% female, median age 43.9 years, 6.8 years post-surgery), of which 60.2% (BIA), and 83.3% (DXA) had excess FM. Low muscle strength was not identified using absolute handgrip strength. The prevalence of SO by BIA or DXA, respectively, was 7.9% (95%CI 3.9-12.5), and 23.0% (95%CI 17.1-30.3) [ESPEN/EASO SO consensus]; 0.7% (95%CI 0-2.0), and 3.3% (95%CI 0.7-5.9) [EWGSOP2]; and 27.0% (95%CI 19.7-34.2), and 30.3% (95%CI 23.0-37.5) [SDOC]. Agreement between the ESPEN/EASO SO consensus and other diagnostic criteria was none to slight using DXA: EWGSOP2 k = 0.19; 95% CI 0.04-0.34, or SDOC k = 0.16; 95% CI -0.01-0.32. Moderate agreement was observed within the ESPEN/EASO SO consensus for BIA and DXA (k = 0.43; 95% CI 0.26-0.60). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to explore the prevalence of SO using the ESPEN/EASO criteria. We identified a high but variable prevalence of SO in post-bariatric surgery patients (7.9-23.0%), depending on the body composition technique used; prevalence was higher using DXA. Little agreement was observed for the diagnosis of SO using the three diagnostic criteria. Future studies are needed to explore the relationship between SO identified by the ESPEN/EASO consensus and health status/outcomes.