Reduction by air purifier of particulate concentration during orthodontic procedures: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has raised awareness of the importance of air quality. This pilot study arose from the need to reduce the concentration of particulate matter in the dental office during orthodontic procedures. To evaluate the efficacy of using an air purifier during orthodontic care in the dental office to reduce the concentration of ambient particulate matter. RESULTS: Significant reductions in particle numbers were obtained for all particle sizes except the largest particles counted (10 µm) through use of the air filter. A marked association between higher humidity levels and higher particle counts was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Using an air purifier during dental care achieves a significant reduction in the concentration of ambient particles in the dental office. There is a correlation between higher relative humidity and higher particle concentration. The probability of obtaining a maximum particulate concentration level of 0.3 and 0.5 µm is 1000 times lower when using an air purifier.

Autologous Tooth Granulometry and Specific Surface Area with Three Grinding Methods: An In Vitro Study.

A postextraction socket becomes a clinical challenge due to the fact that a series of changes associated with bone remodelling and resorption of the socket that occur after extraction, which limits the aesthetic and functional prognosis of implant-supported rehabilitations. It has been studied that the use of the autologous tooth-derived graft (ATDG) has regenerative properties and could therefore be useful for solving this type of problem. There is no consensus in the scientific literature on a standardized protocol for the use of the autologous tooth. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the most relevant parameters to achieve the best properties of ground ATDG using three methods, namely Gouge forceps, electric grinder, and manual, that made up the study group (SG) and compared with the control group (CG) consisting of Bio-Oss®. The sample obtained by the electric grinder had the highest value of specific surface area (2.4025 ± 0.0218 m2/g), while the particle size as average diameter (751.9 µm) was the lowest and most homogeneous of the three groups. Therefore, the electric grinder allowed for obtaining ATDG with more regenerative properties due to its specific surface-area value and particle size in accordance with the xenograft with the greatest bibliographical support (Bio-Oss®). The higher specific surface increases the reaction with the physiological media, producing faster biological mechanisms.

Novel Technique of Interproximal Enamel Reduction Based on Computer-Aided Navigation Technique-An In Vitro Study.

The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the accuracy of a novel interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) technique based on a computer-aided static navigation technique with respect to a conventional free-hand-based technique for interproximal enamel reduction. Twenty anatomical-based experimental cast models of polyurethane were randomly distributed into the following IPR techniques: IPR technique based on computer-aided static navigation technique (n = 10) (GI) for Group A and conventional free-hand-based technique for the IPR (n = 10) (FHT) for Group B. The anatomical-based experimental cast models of polyurethane randomly assigned to the GI study group were submitted for a preoperative 3D intraoral surface scan; then, datasets were uploaded into 3D implant-planning software to design virtual templates for the interproximal enamel reduction technique. Afterward, the anatomical-based experimental cast models of polyurethane of both GI and FHT study groups were subjected to a postoperative digital impression by a 3D intraoral surface scan to compare the accuracy of the interproximal enamel reduction techniques at the buccal (mm), lingual/palatal (mm), and angular (◦) levels using the Student t-test. Statistically significant differences between the interproximal enamel reduction technique based on the computer-aided static navigation technique and the conventional free-hand-based technique for the interproximal enamel reduction at the buccal (p = 0.0008) and lingual/palatal (p < 0.0001) levels; however, no statistically significant differences were shown at the angular level (p = 0.1042). The interproximal enamel reduction technique based on computer-aided static navigation technique was more accurate than the conventional free-hand-based technique for interproximal enamel reduction.

Is Augmented Reality Technology Effective in Locating the Apex of Teeth Undergoing Apicoectomy Procedures?

This study seeks to assess the accuracy of apical location using an augmented reality (AR) device with a free-hand method. Sixty (60) osteotomy site preparations were randomly assigned to one of two study groups: A. AR device (AR) (n = 30), and B. conventional free-hand method (FHM) (n = 30). Preoperative CBCT scans and intraoral scans were taken and uploaded to specialized implant-planning software to virtually plan preparations for the apical location osteotomy sites. The planning software was then used to automatically segment the teeth in each experimental model for their complete visualization using the AR device. A CBCT scan was carried out postoperatively after conducting the apical location procedures. The subsequent datasets were imported into therapeutic software to analyze the coronal, apical, and angular deviations. The Mann-Whitney non-parametric test was used. There were no statistically significant differences identified at the coronal (p = 0.1335), apical (p = 0.2401), and angular deviations (p = 0.4849) between the AR and FHM study groups. The augmented reality technique did not show a statistically significant accuracy of osteotomies for apical location when compared with the conventional free-hand method.

Metagenómica salival aplicada en Odontología: revisión bibliográfica / Salivary metagenomics applied in dentistry: Literature review

Introducción: la metagenómica es un campo nuevo en el que se persigue obtener secuencias del genoma de los diferentes microorganismos que componen una comunidad, extrayendo y analizando su ADN de forma global. La posibilidad de secuenciar directamente los genomas de microorganismos sin necesidad de cultivarlos abre nuevas opciones que suponen un cambio de rumbo en la microbiología, sobre todo, teniendo en cuenta que en la cavidad oral sólo el 35% han sido identificadas. La microbiota oral humana es la comunidad de microorganismos comensales, simbióticos y patógenos que se encuentran en la cavidad oral. La saliva juega un papel importante en la determinación de su composición y actividad, siendo bien reconocida como un conjunto de marcadores biológicos, que se puede recolectar fácilmente, de forma no invasiva, indolora y no traumática, por lo que podría ser un sustituto de la sangre en el pronóstico y diagnóstico de enfermedades. Material y método: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed de acuerdo con unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente establecidos. Resultados: fueron seleccionadas un total de 37 referencias bibliográficas entre 2010-2023. Conclusión: el análisis microbiológico de la saliva es una alternativa fácil y no invasiva. La microbiota salival refleja las alteraciones bacterianas locales que se producen en la microbiota subgingival y supragingival. Por ello resulta interesante poder ampliar el conocimiento en el mundo microbiano oral, y poder ayudar a definir con más exactitud la etiología de la caries y periodontitis y así poder avanzar hacia tratamientos preventivos y curativos mucho más eficaces. (AU)

Introduction: Metagenomics is a new field in which the aim is to obtain genome sequences of the different microorganisms that make up a community, extracting and analyzing their DNA globally. The possibility of directly sequencing the genomes of micoorganism, without the need to cultive them, opens up new options that represent a change of direction in microbiology, especially considering that only 35% have been identified in the oral cavity. The human oral microbiota is the community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity. Saliva plays an important role in determining its composition and activity, being well recognized as a set of biological markers, wich can be easily collected and non-invasive, painless and non-traumatic way, so it could be a substitute for blood in the prognosis and diagnosis of diseases. Method: A literature search was carried out in Pubmed according to previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 37 bibliographic references were selected between 20102023. Conclusion: Microbiological analysis of saliva is an easy and non-invasive alternative. The salivary microbiota reflects the local bacterial alterations that occur in the subgingival and supragingival microbiota. It is therefore interesting to be able to expand knowledge in the oral microbial world, and to be able to help define more accurately the etiology of caries and periodontitis and thus be able to move towards much more effective preventive and curative treatments. (AU)

Metagenómica salival aplicada en Odontología: revisión bibliográfica / Salivary metagenomics applied in dentistry: Literature review

Introducción: la metagenómica es un campo nuevo en el que se persigue obtener secuencias del genoma de los diferentes microorganismos que componen una comunidad, extrayendo y analizando su ADN de forma global. La posibilidad de secuenciar directamente los genomas de microorganismos sin necesidad de cultivarlos abre nuevas opciones que suponen un cambio de rumbo en la microbiología, sobre todo, teniendo en cuenta que en la cavidad oral sólo el 35% han sido identificadas. La microbiota oral humana es la comunidad de microorganismos comensales, simbióticos y patógenos que se encuentran en la cavidad oral. La saliva juega un papel importante en la determinación de su composición y actividad, siendo bien reconocida como un conjunto de marcadores biológicos, que se puede recolectar fácilmente, de forma no invasiva, indolora y no traumática, por lo que podría ser un sustituto de la sangre en el pronóstico y diagnóstico de enfermedades. Material y método: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed de acuerdo con unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente establecidos. Resultados: fueron seleccionadas un total de 37 referencias bibliográficas entre 2010-2023. Conclusión: el análisis microbiológico de la saliva es una alternativa fácil y no invasiva. La microbiota salival refleja las alteraciones bacterianas locales que se producen en la microbiota subgingival y supragingival. Por ello resulta interesante poder ampliar el conocimiento en el mundo microbiano oral, y poder ayudar a definir con más exactitud la etiología de la caries y periodontitis y así poder avanzar hacia tratamientos preventivos y curativos mucho más eficaces. (AU)

Introduction: Metagenomics is a new field in which the aim is to obtain genome sequences of the different microorganisms that make up a community, extracting and analyzing their DNA globally. The possibility of directly sequencing the genomes of micoorganism, without the need to cultive them, opens up new options that represent a change of direction in microbiology, especially considering that only 35% have been identified in the oral cavity. The human oral microbiota is the community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity. Saliva plays an important role in determining its composition and activity, being well recognized as a set of biological markers, wich can be easily collected and non-invasive, painless and non-traumatic way, so it could be a substitute for blood in the prognosis and diagnosis of diseases. Method: A literature search was carried out in Pubmed according to previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 37 bibliographic references were selected between 20102023. Conclusion: Microbiological analysis of saliva is an easy and non-invasive alternative. The salivary microbiota reflects the local bacterial alterations that occur in the subgingival and supragingival microbiota. It is therefore interesting to be able to expand knowledge in the oral microbial world, and to be able to help define more accurately the etiology of caries and periodontitis and thus be able to move towards much more effective preventive and curative treatments. (AU)

Influence of Augmented Reality Appliances on Tooth Preparation Designs-An In Vitro Study.

The aim of this work was to analyze and compare the tooth structure removal between a free-hand preparation technique and a computer-aided preparation technique using an augmented reality appliance for complete-crowns preparation designs and "root mean square" (RMS) alignment value. Ten upper teeth representatives of all dental sectors were selected from a generic model library as "Standard Tessellation Language" (STL-1) digital files and 3D-printed in an anatomically based acrylic resin experimental model. Then these were randomly assigned to the following tooth preparation techniques: Group A: free-hand preparation technique (n = 5) (FHT) and Group B: computer-aided preparation technique using an augmented reality appliance (n = 5) (AR). Experimental models were submitted to a digital impression through an intraoral scan and (STL-2) uploaded into a reverse engineering morphometric software to measure the volumetric reduction in the planned and performed tooth structure (mm3) and RMS using the Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. Statistically significant differences were observed between the volumetric reduction in the planned and performed tooth structure (mm3) of the AR and FHT study groups (p = 0.0001). Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed between the RMS of the planned and performed tooth preparations in both the AR and FHT study groups (p = 0.0005). The augmented reality appliance provides a more conservative and predictable complete-crowns preparation design than the free-hand preparation technique.

Vertical Bone Gain after Sinus Lift Procedures with Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Simultaneous Implant Placement-A Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the vertical bone gain achieved after the sinus lift procedure with beta-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) used as a bone substitute and simultaneous implant placement. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight sinus lift procedures (utilizing a synthetic ceramic containing 99.9% tricalcium phosphate as a bone substitute) and simultaneous implant placements were performed on 119 patients. The lateral window approach surgical protocol for maxillary sinus lift was performed on the patients. The implants were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 6 months following placement. The vertical bone gain was considered a primary variable, while implant length, diameter, and location were considered secondary variables. RESULTS: The ANOVA results showed no statistical difference in vertical bone gain with implant parameters like implant length, width, and position. Pearsons correlation revealed a statistically significant positive correlation with vertical bone gain and implant length and diameter. A further multivariate linear regression analysis was performed and it observed statistically significant associations between the variables in the study after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that there was vertical bone gain with the usage of ß-TCP in maxillary sinus lift surgical procedure with immediate implant placement and that implant variables like length and diameter had a significant influence on the average bone gain values. The implant position did not have a statistically significant influence but there was considerable variation in the bone gain between first, second premolar, and molar regions.