El «efecto día de la semana» no tiene impacto en la aparición de complicaciones o mortalidad tras la resección pulmonar: estudio de cohortes histórico / The «Weekday Effect» Does Not Have an Impact on the Development of Complications or Mortality After Pulmonary Resection: Retrospective Cohort Study

Objetivo: Determinar si la cirugía de resección pulmonar anatómica electiva llevada a cabo al final de la semana se asocia con una mayor morbimortalidad postoperatoria que la cirugía realizada al inicio de la semana.Método: Estudio de cohortes histórico en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a resección pulmonar anatómica entre el 1 de enero de 2013 y 1 de noviembre de 2018 en nuestro centro. Se consideraron «expuestos» los pacientes intervenidos al final de la semana (jueves o viernes) y «no expuestos» los intervenidos al inicio de la semana (lunes, martes o miércoles). Se comparó la probabilidad de complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias y muerte operatoria (30días) en las dos cohortes calculada mediante los modelos de riesgo Eurolung1 y2. Como variables de resultado se estudiaron la mortalidad a 30días y la ocurrencia de complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias relacionadas con la técnica postoperatoria. Se calculó la incidencia de estos efectos adversos para la serie global y para ambas cohortes y se determinó el riesgo relativo (RR) y su intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%).Resultados: La mortalidad global de la serie fue del 0,9% (10/1.172), la incidencia de complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias fue del 10,2% (120/1.172) y la de complicaciones técnicas, del 20,6% (242/1.172). El RR calculado para las complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias, técnicas y mortalidad en expuestos y no expuestos fue: 0,914 (IC95%: 0,804-1,039), 0,996 (IC95%: 0,895-1,107) y 0,911 (IC95%: 0,606-1,37), respectivamente.Conclusiones: Los pacientes intervenidos al final de la semana no presentan un mayor riesgo de efectos adversos postoperatorios. (AU)

Objective: To determine whether elective anatomic pulmonary resection surgery carried out at the end of the week is associated with a higher mortality and postoperative morbidity than surgery performed at the beginning of the week. Method: Historical cohort study. All patients undergoing anatomical pulmonary resection between January 2013 and November 2018 in our center were included. Patients operated at the end of the week (Thursday or Friday) were considered «not exposed» and patients operated at the beginning of the week (Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday) were considered «exposed». The likelihood of cardiorespiratory complications and operative death (30days) was compared in the two cohorts calculated using the Eurolung1 and2 risk models. 30-day mortality and the occurrence of cardiorespiratory and technical complications were studied as outcome variables. The incidence of these adverse effects was calculated for the overall series and for both cohorts, and the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were determined. Results: The overall mortality of the series was 0.9% (10/1172), the incidence of cardiorespiratory complications was 10.2% (120/1172) and that of technical complications was 20.6% (242/1172). The RR calculated for cardiorespiratory, technical complications and mortality in exposed and unexposed subjects was: 0.914 (95%CI: 0.804-1.039), 0.996 (95%CI: 0.895-1.107) and 0.911 (95%CI: 0.606-1.37), respectively. Conclusions: Patients operated at the end of the week do not present a higher risk of postoperative adverse effects. (AU)

The «Weekday Effect¼ Does Not Have an Impact on the Development of Complications or Mortality After Pulmonary Resection: Retrospective Cohort Study. / El «efecto día de la semana¼ no tiene impacto en la aparición de complicaciones o mortalidad tras la resección pulmonar: estudio de cohortes histórico.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether elective anatomic pulmonary resection surgery carried out at the end of the week is associated with a higher mortality and postoperative morbidity than surgery performed at the beginning of the week. METHOD: Historical cohort study. All patients undergoing anatomical pulmonary resection between January 2013 and November 2018 in our center were included. Patients operated at the end of the week (Thursday or Friday) were considered «not exposed¼ and patients operated at the beginning of the week (Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday) were considered «exposed¼. The likelihood of cardiorespiratory complications and operative death (30days) was compared in the two cohorts calculated using the Eurolung1 and2 risk models. 30-day mortality and the occurrence of cardiorespiratory and technical complications were studied as outcome variables. The incidence of these adverse effects was calculated for the overall series and for both cohorts, and the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were determined. RESULTS: The overall mortality of the series was 0.9% (10/1172), the incidence of cardiorespiratory complications was 10.2% (120/1172) and that of technical complications was 20.6% (242/1172). The RR calculated for cardiorespiratory, technical complications and mortality in exposed and unexposed subjects was: 0.914 (95%CI: 0.804-1.039), 0.996 (95%CI: 0.895-1.107) and 0.911 (95%CI: 0.606-1.37), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients operated at the end of the week do not present a higher risk of postoperative adverse effects.

Automatic Museum Audio Guide.

An automatic "museum audio guide" is presented as a new type of audio guide for museums. The device consists of a headset equipped with a camera that captures exhibit pictures and the eyes of things computer vision device (EoT). The EoT board is capable of recognizing artworks using features from accelerated segment test (FAST) keypoints and a random forest classifier, and is able to be used for an entire day without the need to recharge the batteries. In addition, an application logic has been implemented, which allows for a special highly-efficient behavior upon recognition of the painting. Two different use case scenarios have been implemented. The main testing was performed with a piloting phase in a real world museum. Results show that the system keeps its promises regarding its main benefit, which is simplicity of use and the user's preference of the proposed system over traditional audioguides.

Optimum web viewer application for DICOM whole slide image visualization in anatomical pathology.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Digital scanners are being increasingly adopt-ed in anatomical pathology, but there is still a lack of a standardized whole slide image (WSI) format. This translates into the need for interoperability and knowledge representation for shareable and computable clinical information. This work describes a robust solution, called Visilab Viewer, able to interact and work with any WSI based on the DICOM standard. METHODS: Visilab Viewer is a web platform developed and integrated alongside a proposed web architecture following the DICOM definition. To prepare the information of the pyramid structure proposed in DICOM, a specific module was defined. The same structure is used by a second module that aggregates on the cache browser the adjacent tiles or frames of the current user's viewport with the aim of achieving fast and fluid navigation over the tissue slide. This solution was tested and compared with three different web viewers, publicly available, with 10 WSIs. RESULTS: A quantitative assessment was performed based on the average load time per frame together with the number of fully loaded frames. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used to compare each web viewer latency results and finally to rank them. Additionally, a qualitative evaluation was done by 6 pathologists based on speed and quality for zooming, panning and usability. The proposed viewer obtained the best performance in both assessments. The entire architecture proposed was tested in the 2nd worldwide DICOM Connectathon, obtaining successful results with all participant scanner vendors. CONCLUSIONS: The online tool allows users to navigate and obtain a correct visualization of the samples avoiding any restriction of format and localization. The two strategical modules allow to reduce time in displaying the slide and therefore, offer high fluidity and usability. The web platform manages not only the visualization with the developed web viewer but also includes the insertion, manipulation and generation of new DICOM elements. Visilab Viewer can successfully exchange DICOM data. Connectathons are the ultimate interoperability tests and are therefore required to guarantee that solutions as Visilab Viewer and its architecture can successfully exchange data following the DICOM standard. Accompanying demo video. (Link to Youtube video.).

Low-cost oblique illumination: an image quality assessment.

We study the effectiveness of several low-cost oblique illumination filters to improve overall image quality, in comparison with standard bright field imaging. For this purpose, a dataset composed of 3360 diatom images belonging to 21 taxa was acquired. Subjective and objective image quality assessments were done. The subjective evaluation was performed by a group of diatom experts by psychophysical test where resolution, focus, and contrast were assessed. Moreover, some objective nonreference image quality metrics were applied to the same image dataset to complete the study, together with the calculation of several texture features to analyze the effect of these filters in terms of textural properties. Both image quality evaluation methods, subjective and objective, showed better results for images acquired using these illumination filters in comparison with the no filtered image. These promising results confirm that this kind of illumination filters can be a practical way to improve the image quality, thanks to the simple and low cost of the design and manufacturing process.

Guía de práctica clínica de la SECT sobre el manejo de pacientes con neumotórax espontáneo / SECT Clinical practice guideline on the management of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax

Esta guía de práctica clínica (GPC) surge como iniciativa del comité científico de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Torácica. Para elaborar dicha GPC se han formulado las preguntas PICO (paciente, intervención, comparación y outcome o variable resultado) sobre distintos aspectos del neumotórax espontáneo. Para la evaluación de la calidad de la evidencia y elaboración de las recomendaciones se han seguido las directrices del grupo de trabajo Grading of Recommendations, Assessent, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) (AU)

This clinical practice guideline (CPG) emerges as an initiative of the scientific committee of the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery. We formulated PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome) questions on various aspects of spontaneous pneumothorax. For the evaluation of the quality of evidence and preparation of recommendations we followed the guidelines of the Grading of recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group (AU)

SECT Clinical practice guideline on the management of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. / Guía de práctica clínica de la SECT sobre el manejo de pacientes con neumotórax espontáneo.

This clinical practice guideline (CPG) emerges as an initiative of the scientific committee of the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery. We formulated PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome) questions on various aspects of spontaneous pneumothorax. For the evaluation of the quality of evidence and preparation of recommendations we followed the guidelines of the Grading of recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group.

Enteric adenocarcinoma arising from a bronchogenic cyst / Adenocarcinoma de tipo entérico originado a partir de un quiste broncogénico

No disponible

Morbimortalidad de la resección pulmonar en pacientes octogenarios con cáncer de pulmón / Morbidity and Mortality in Octogenarians With Lung Cancer Undergoing Pneumonectomy

Objetivo: Valorar si los criterios de selección para resección pulmonar por cáncer son más estrictos en pacientes octogenarios que en el resto de la población. Comparar la mortalidad a 30 días y la morbilidad posquirúrgica en los 2 grupos. Método: Análisis retrospectivo de casos y controles. La población se ha dividido en pacientes octogenarios (casos) o de menor edad (controles). Se han comparado las variables determinantes del riesgo quirúrgico (IMC, FEV1%, FEV1ppo%, FEV1/FVC, DLCO y tasa de neumonectomías) mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon o la prueba de Chi2. Se han calculado las odds ratio en tablas 2 × 2. Además, se ha construido un modelo de regresión logística con remuestreo, introduciendo como variable dependiente la presencia de complicaciones y como variables independientes edad y FEV1ppo%. La información se recuperó de una base de datos prospectiva. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a IMC (p = 0,40), FEV1% (p = 0,41), FEV1ppo% (p = 0,23), FEV1/FVC (p = 0,23), DLCO (p = 0,76) ni porcentaje de neumonectomías (p = 0,90) entre los 2 grupos de pacientes. La mortalidad en los casos fue 1,85% y en los controles 1,26% (OR: 1,48). La prevalencia de complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias fue 12,80% en menores de 80 anos ˜ y de 13,21% entre los octogenarios (OR: 1,03). En la regresión logística solo el FEV1% se relacionó con la aparición de complicaciones (p < 0,005). Conclusión: Los criteriosde seleccióndepacientes octogenarios sonsimilares a losdel restode lapoblación estudiada. Tener 80 o más años no se asocia con la mortalidad de la resección pulmonar a 30 días ni con la morbilidad analizada

Objective: Evaluate the restrictiveness of selection criteria for lung resection in lung cancer patients over 80 years of age compared to those applied in younger patients. Compare and analyze 30-day mortality and postoperative complications in both groups of patients. Methods: Case-controlled retrospective analysis. Study population: Consecutive patients undergoing elective anatomical lung resection. Population was divided into octogenarians (cases) and younger patients (controls). Variables determining surgical risk (BMI, FEV1%, postoperative FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, DLCO and pneumonectomy rate) were compared using either Wilcoxon or Chi-squared tests. Thirtyday mortality and morbidity odds ratio were calculated. A logistic regression model with bootstrap resampling was constructed, including postoperative complications as dependent variable and age and post-operative FEV1% as independent variables. Data were retrieved from a prospective database. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in BMI (P=.40), FEV1% (P=.41), postoperative FEV1% (P=.23), FEV1/FVC (P=.23), DLCO (P=.76) and pneumonectomy rate (P=.90). Case mortality was 1.85% and control mortality was 1.26% (OR: 1.48). Cardiorespiratory complications occurred in 12.80% of younger subjects and in 13.21% of patients aged 80 years or older. (OR: 1.03). In the logistic regression, only FEV1% was related to postoperative complications (P<0.05). Conclusión: Selection criteria for octoenarioans are similar to those applied in the rest of the population. Advanced age is not a factor for increased 30-day mortality or postoperative morbidity

La neumonectomía ofrece menor supervivencia a los pacientes con carcinoma de pulmón en estadio patológico IB / Poorer Survival in Stage IB Lung Cancer Patients After Pneumonectomy

Objetivo: La neumonectomía puede ser necesaria de forma excepcional en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón no microcítico (CPNM) en estadios precoces, algo más frecuentemente en el estadio IB. En este estudio se pretende evaluar si la neumonectomía se asocia con peor supervivencia global en pacientes con CPNM en estadios patológico IB (T2aN0M0). Método: Estudio retrospectivo sobre una población de pacientes con carcinoma de pulmón pIB sometidos a lobectomía pulmonar o neumonectomía entre 2000 y 2011. La variable dependiente es la muerte del paciente por cualquier causa, excluida la mortalidad operatoria. Mediante regresión de Cox se analizó la relación de las variables: edad del paciente, FEV1%, índice de Charlson y neumonectomía sobre la variable dependiente. Se elaboró un gráfico de Kaplan Meier en el que se representó la supervivencia de los pacientes con lobectomía o neumonectomía y se compararon las 2 funciones mediante la prueba log-rank. Resultados: Se han analizado 407casos (373 lobectomías y 34 neumonectomías). En la regresión de Cox, la edad, el FEV1% y la neumonectomía se asociaron con una peor supervivencia (p < 0,05). La función de supervivencia ajustada para edad y FEV1% demuestra menor supervivencia en los casos intervenidos mediante neumonectomía (log-rank p = 0,0357). Conclusiones: En los pacientes con estadio patológico IB la neumonectomía se asocia a una menor supervivencia comparada con la lobectomía

Objective: Pneumonectomy may be needed in exceptional cases in patients with early stage NSCLC, especially in stage IB. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether overall survival in stage IB (T2aN0M0) NSCLC patients is worse after pneumonectomy. Methods: Retrospective study of a series ofpathologicalIB(pIB)patients whounderwent either lobectomy or pneumonectomy between 2000 and 2011. The dependent variable was all-cause death. Operative mortality was excluded. The relationship between the age, FEV1%, Charlson index and performance of pneumonectomy variables and the dependent variable were analyzed using a Cox regression. Overall survival for both groups of patients was then plotted in Kaplan-Meier graphs and compared using the log-rank test. Results: A total of 407 cases were analyzed (373 lobectomies and 34 pneumonectomies). According to Cox regression, age, FEV1% and pneumonectomy were associated with poorer survival (P < .05). Age-adjusted survival and FEV1% showed diminished survival in patients who underwent pneumonectomy (log-rank, P = .0357). Conclusions: In stage pIB NSCLC patients, pneumonectomy is associated with poorer survival compared to lobectomy

Válvulas endobronquiales para el tratamiento de la fuga aérea persistente, una alternativa al tratamiento quirúrgico / Endobronchial Valves in the Treatment of Persistent Air Leak, an Alternative to Surgery

Introducción: La fuga aérea prolongada es motivo de frustración entre médicos y pacientes, sobre todo para aquellos con alto riesgo quirúrgico. El uso de válvulas endobronquiales podría ser una alternativa al tratamiento quirúrgico. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar nuestra experiencia con el uso de las mismas y analizar su eficacia en una serie de casos tratados por fuga aérea persistente. Material y métodos: La colocación de las válvulas se realiza mediante broncoscopia flexible, bajo sedación consciente y anestesia local. La fuga aérea se identifica, en un primer paso, mediante la oclusión del bronquio con un catéter-balón durante una broncoscopia. El éxito del procedimiento se define como la desaparición completa de la misma, con la retirada del drenaje torácico sin necesidad de otros procedimientos posteriores. Resultados: De noviembre de 2010 a diciembre de 2013 se han tratado 8 pacientes por fuga aérea persistente con válvulas endobronquiales. El número de válvulas utilizadas osciló entre 1 y 4 (mediana de 2), con una mediana de duración de la fuga aérea previa a su colocación de 15,5 días. No hubo complicaciones, y la resolución de la fuga fue completa en 6 de los 8 pacientes (75%). La mediana de duración del drenaje después de la inserción de las válvulas fue de 13 días y la mediana del tiempo transcurrido hasta su extracción, de 52,5 días. Conclusiones: El uso de válvulas endobronquiales es un método eficaz y seguro para el tratamiento endobronquial de la fuga aérea prolongada y una alternativa válida a la cirugía

Introduction: Persistent air leak is frustrating for both patients and physicians, above all leaks with a high risk of surgery. Insertion of endobronchial valves could be an alternative to surgery. The aim of this study is to describe our experience in these valves and analyse their efficacy in a series of patients with persistent air leaks. Material and methods: The valves are inserted by means of flexible bronchoscopy under conscious sedation and local anesthesia. A preliminary bronchoscopy identifies the air leak by bronchial occlusion using a balloon catheter. A successful outcome is defined as complete disappearance of the leak following removal of the chest drain, without the need for further surgery. Results: From November 2010 to December 2013, 8 patients with persistent air leaks were treated with endobronchial valves. The number of valves used ranged from 1 to 4 (median 2), with a median duration of air leak prior to placement of 15.5 days. There were no complications and the resolution of the leak was complete in 6 of 8 patients (75%). The median duration of drainage after insertion of the valves was 13 days and the median time to removal of 52.5 days. Conclusions: Insertion of endobronchial valves is a safe and effective method for treating persistent air leaks, and a valid alternative to surgery

Morbidity and mortality in octogenarians with lung cancer undergoing pneumonectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the restrictiveness of selection criteria for lung resection in lung cancer patients over 80 years of age compared to those applied in younger patients. Compare and analyze 30-day mortality and postoperative complications in both groups of patients. METHODS: Case-controlled retrospective analysis. STUDY POPULATION: Consecutive patients undergoing elective anatomical lung resection. Population was divided into octogenarians (cases) and younger patients (controls). Variables determining surgical risk (BMI, FEV1%, postoperative FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, DLCO and pneumonectomy rate) were compared using either Wilcoxon or Chi-squared tests. Thirty-day mortality and morbidity odds ratio were calculated. A logistic regression model with bootstrap resampling was constructed, including postoperative complications as dependent variable and age and post-operative FEV1% as independent variables. Data were retrieved from a prospective database. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in BMI (P=.40), FEV1% (P=.41), postoperative FEV1% (P=.23), FEV1/FVC (P=.23), DLCO (P=.76) and pneumonectomy rate (P=.90). Case mortality was 1.85% and control mortality was 1.26% (OR: 1.48). Cardiorespiratory complications occurred in 12.80% of younger subjects and in 13.21% of patients aged 80 years or older. (OR: 1.03). In the logistic regression, only FEV1% was related to postoperative complications (P<.005). CONCLUSION: Selection criteria for octogenarians are similar to those applied in the rest of the population. Advanced age is not a factor for increased 30-day mortality or postoperative morbidity.

Endobronchial valves in the treatment of persistent air leak, an alternative to surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Persistent air leak is frustrating for both patients and physicians, above all leaks with a high risk of surgery. Insertion of endobronchial valves could be an alternative to surgery. The aim of this study is to describe our experience in these valves and analyse their efficacy in a series of patients with persistent air leaks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The valves are inserted by means of flexible bronchoscopy under conscious sedation and local anesthesia. A preliminary bronchoscopy identifies the air leak by bronchial occlusion using a balloon catheter. A successful outcome is defined as complete disappearance of the leak following removal of the chest drain, without the need for further surgery. RESULTS: From November 2010 to December 2013, 8 patients with persistent air leaks were treated with endobronchial valves. The number of valves used ranged from 1 to 4 (median 2), with a median duration of air leak prior to placement of 15.5 days. There were no complications and the resolution of the leak was complete in 6 of 8 patients (75%). The median duration of drainage after insertion of the valves was 13 days and the median time to removal of 52.5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Insertion of endobronchial valves is a safe and effective method for treating persistent air leaks, and a valid alternative to surgery.

Usefulness of conventional pleural drainage systems to predict the occurrence of prolonged air leak after anatomical pulmonary resection.

OBJECTIVES: One of the reported advantages of digital pleural drainage system is the possibility of predicting the occurrence of prolonged air leak (PAL) based on the recorded pleural pressures and/or air flow through chest tubes. Nevertheless, this fact has never been well supported. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate if the occurrence of PAL can accurately be predicted using clinical data and air leak measurements 24 h after lung resection on conventional pleural drainage system (CPDS). METHODS: Prospective observational study on 100 consecutive non-complicated patients undergoing anatomical lung resection (segmentectomy, lobectomy or bilobectomy). Prior to the operation, the risk of PAL was evaluated according to the score previously published. Twenty-four hours after surgery, two independent observers measured the air flow at forced deep expiration on a CPDS with graduated analogical leak monitor. The agreement between both observers was determined and in case of discrepancy, the mean of both observations was calculated. After discharge, the occurrence of PAL (defined as persistent air leak 5 or more days after the operation) was recorded. A logistic regression model was constructed including two independent categorical variables (PAL score and air flow) and the performance of the model was assessed by non-parametric receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: The series includes 81 lobectomies, 8 bilobectomies and 11 anatomical segmentectomies. Median preoperative PAL score was 1 (range 0-3.5). Any postoperative air flow was observed in 30 cases with a median value of 0 (0-3.5). The prevalence of PAL in the series was 10% (10 of 100 cases). Both independent variables entered in the multivariate model (PAL score P = 0.050, air flow: 0.016) and C-index was 0.83. CONCLUSION: The performance of this simple predictive model, without any electronic recording, warrants a larger multi-institutional study to validate its usefulness in clinical decision-making regarding the management of patients with air leak after lung resection.

Poorer Survival in Stage IB Lung Cancer Patients After Pneumonectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Pneumonectomy may be needed in exceptional cases in patients with early stage NSCLC, especially in stage IB. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether overall survival in stage IB (T2aN0M0) NSCLC patients is worse after pneumonectomy. METHODS: Retrospective study of a series of pathological IB (pIB) patients who underwent either lobectomy or pneumonectomy between 2000 and 2011. The dependent variable was all-cause death. Operative mortality was excluded. The relationship between the age, FEV1%, Charlson index and performance of pneumonectomy variables and the dependent variable were analyzed using a Cox regression. Overall survival for both groups of patients was then plotted in Kaplan-Meier graphs and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: A total of 407 cases were analyzed (373 lobectomies and 34 pneumonectomies). According to Cox regression, age, FEV1% and pneumonectomy were associated with poorer survival (P<.05). Age-adjusted survival and FEV1% showed diminished survival in patients who underwent pneumonectomy (log-rank, P=.0357). CONCLUSIONS: In stage pIB NSCLC patients, pneumonectomy is associated with poorer survival compared to lobectomy.