Effect of mouth rinses on tooth enamel surface.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of mouth rinses on the color, microhardness, and surface roughness of tooth enamel. Sixty dental blocks were collected from human third molars and divided in five groups (n = 12): the control group (CG) without immersion in mouth rinse, Listerine Zero, Colgate Plax Fresh Mint, Listerine Whitening, and Colgate Luminous White. The groups were subjected to initial color analysis; the microhardness and roughness of the enamel surfaces were evaluated. Next, the samples were subjected to immersion in mouth rinses or brushing with conventional fluoride toothpaste (CG) according to the manufacturer's instructions; after a 12-week treatment, the color, microhardness, and roughness were once again assessed and compared with the initial analysis. Data were tabulated and analyzed through a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (color and roughness) followed by Tukey's test. Microhardness was analyzed through the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test; the level of significance was 5%. All groups immersed in mouth rinses had a higher level of microhardness loss than CG; additionally, all groups showed changes in the enamel surface. Enamel surface loss was observed using a roughness test, and the mouth rinses promoted a higher level of color changes than CG. Given the results, it can be concluded that the mouth rinses led to significant changes in tooth enamel.

Avaliação da qualea grandiflora mart no processo de cicatrização alveolar em ratos com alveolite dentária induzida / Evaluation of qualea grandiflora mart in the healing of dry socket in rats

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação da Qualea grandiflora Mart na cicatrização do alvéolo de ratos submetidos à alveolite dentária induzida pelo Staphylococcus aureus. Materiais e Método: Foram realizadas exodontias do dente incisivo superior direito de 75 ratos (Rattus novergicus albinus, Wistar), machos, com peso médio de 250g. Os animais foram distribuídos em 5 grupos: Grupo I- controle (sem indução da alveolite/ ausência de tratamento); Grupo II- alveolite induzida/tratamento: pasta da Qualea grandiflora Mart; Grupo III- alveolite induzida/ tratamento: Alveolex; Grupo IV: alveolite induzida/ausência de tratamento; Grupo V: alveolite induzida/ tratamento: pasta base. Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 7, 14 e 28 dias pós- -operatório. Os espécimes foram submetidos à avaliação histológica e histomorfométrica. Resultados: Em todos os grupos experimentais, observou-se aumento de osso neoformado no alvéolo dentário, no decorrer dos períodos avaliados, sendo que nos grupos IV e V, a formação óssea foi deficiente em todos os períodos. Nos grupos de animais com alvéolos dentários contaminados, os grupos II e III apresentaram melhores resultados com proporção semelhante de osso neoformado. Conclusão: Para que a Qualea grandiflora Mart seja considerada uma nova alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento da alveolite dentária, se faz necessário a realização de novos estudos.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Qualea grandiflora Mart on the induced dry socket by Staphylococcus aureus in vivo. Materials and methods: The upper right incisor teeth were extracted in 75 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus Albinus), weighing approximately 250g. The animals were divided into 5 groups: GI-control group (no procedures), GII- induced dry socket /treatment: Qualea grandiflora Mart, GIII- induced dry socket /treatment: Alveolex, GIV- induced dry socket /no treatment, GV- induced dry socket /treatment: ointment formulation. The animals were euthanatized at 7, 14 and 28 days postoperatively. The samples collected were subjected to histomorphological and histomorphometric analysis. Results: In all the experimental groups, increased bone formation in the dental alveolus over the observed periods was noted. The animals of the groups GII and GIII presented the best results with similar proportion of new bone formation. Conclusion: So, that the Qualea grandiflora Mart crude extract may be considered a new alternative treatment for dry socket, it is necessary to conduct further studies.

Alternativas terapêuticas para tratamento de afecções bucais no idoso / Therapies alternative for the treatment of oral diseases in the elderly

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer um levantamento das plantas medicinais utilizadas para tratamento das afecções bucais pelos pacientes idosos atendidos na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Cuiabá, MT. Metodologia: Foram entrevistados 54 idosos, através de abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: Foram citadas 23 espécies pertencentes a 19 famílias utilizadas na cavidade bucal, encontradas em quintais e no Bioma Cerrado. O maior número de citações correspondeu às espécies: batata doce (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), romã (Punica granatum L.), hortelã (Mentha piperita L.) e malva(Malva sylvestris L.). As indicações terapêuticas para saúde bucalforam variadas, tais como, inflamações na boca, dor de dente, gengivite,aftas e estomatites, entre outras. A parte da planta mais utilizadafoi a folha e o modo de preparo mais comum, foi o chá por infusão. Conclusão: Os idosos entrevistados utilizavam as plantas medicinais como uma prática terapêutica frequente em saúde bucal, sendo as espécies mais citadas: batata doce (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), romã (Punica granatum L.), malva (Malva sylvestris L.) e hortelã (Mentha piperita L.). Destas, a hortelã (Mentha piperita L.) recebeu maior indicação terapêutica.

Objective: The aim of this study was to survey the medicinal plants used to treatment of oral diseases by elderly patients assisted in Dental School - University of Cuiabá, MT. Methodology: 54 patients of the clinic were interviewed through qualitative approach using technique of semi-structured interviews. Results: They were cited 23 species belonging to 19 families, used in oral health found in backyards and Cerrado biome. The most cited species were: sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), pomegranete (Punica granatum L.), mint (Mentha piperita L.) and ?malva? (Malva sylvestris L.). The therapeutic indications in oral health were varied, such as, tooth and mouth inflammations, gingivitis,canker sores and stomatitis and others. The leaf was the most used part of the plant and the infusion tea was the most common method of preparation. Conclusion: The elderly interviewed use medicinal plants as a common therapeutic practice for oral health. The most mentioned species; sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.); pomegranate (Punica granatum L.); ?malva? (Malva sylvestris L.) and mint (Mentha piperita L.). From these ones, mint received greater therapeutic indication.

Hypoxia enhances the angiogenic potential of human dental pulp cells.

INTRODUCTION: Trauma can result in the severing of the dental pulp vessels, leading to hypoxia and ultimately to pulp necrosis. Improved understanding of mechanisms underlying the response of dental pulp cells to hypoxic conditions might lead to better therapeutic alternatives for patients with dental trauma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on the angiogenic response mediated by human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPFs). METHODS: DPSCs and HDPFs were exposed to experimental hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) was evaluated by Western blot and immunocytochemistry, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. YC-1, an inhibitor of HIF-1alpha, was used to evaluate the functional effect of this transcriptional factor on hypoxia-induced VEGF expression. Conditioned medium from hypoxic and normoxic pulp cells was used to stimulate human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). HDMEC proliferation was measured by WST-1 assay, and angiogenic potential was evaluated by a capillary sprouting assay in 3-dimensional collagen matrices. RESULTS: Hypoxia enhanced HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in DPSCs and HDPFs. In contrast, hypoxia did not induce bFGF expression in pulp cells. YC-1 partially inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha and VEGF in these cells. The growth factor milieu of hypoxic HDPFs (but not hypoxic DPSCs) induced endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting as compared with medium from normoxic cells. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these data demonstrate that hypoxia induces complex and cell type-specific pro-angiogenic responses and suggest that VEGF (but not bFGF) participates in the revascularization of hypoxic dental pulps.

Effect of curing regime on the cytotoxicity of resin-modified glass-ionomer lining cements applied to an odontoblast-cell line.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of resin-modified glass-ionomer lining cements submitted to different curing regimes and applied to an immortalized odontoblast-cell line (MDPC-23). METHODS: Forty round-shaped specimens of each experimental material (Fuji Lining LC and Vitrebond) were prepared. They were light-cured for the manufacturers' recommended time (MRT = 30 s), under-cured (0.5 MRT = 15 s), over-cured (1.5 MRT = 45 s) or allowed to dark cure (0 MRT). Sterilized filter papers soaked with either 5 microL of PBS or HEMA were used as negative and positive control, respectively. After placing the specimens individually in wells of 24-well dishes, odontoblast-like cells MDPC-23 (30,000 cells/cm2) were plated in each well and incubated for 72 h in a humidified incubator at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 and 95% air. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the cell metabolism (MTT assay) and cell morphology (SEM). RESULTS: Fuji Lining LC was less cytotoxic than Vitrebond (p < 0.05) in all the experimental conditions. However, the cytotoxicity of Fuji Lining LC was noticeably increased in the absence of light-curing while the same was not observed for Vitrebond. The length of light-curing (15, 30 or 45 s) did not influence the toxicity of both lining materials when they were applied on the odontoblast-cell line MDPC-23. SIGNIFICANCE: The light-activation plays an important role in reducing the cytotoxicity of Fuji Lining LC. Following the manufacturer' recommendation regarding the light-curing regime may prevent toxic effect to the pulp cells.

In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility of contemporary resin-modified glass-ionomer cements.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of current resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGICs) applied on culture of cells or implanted into subcutaneous tissue of rats. METHODS: Experiment 1 - Thirty round-shaped samples of every RMGICs: Rely X Luting Cement (RL), Vitremer (VM), and Vitrebond (VB) were placed into wells with 1.1 mL of culture medium (DMEM), and incubated for 24, 48 or 72 h. The extracts from every sample were applied on the MDPC-23 cells. Fresh DMEM was used as control group. The MTT assay was carried out for mitochondrial respiration. Experiment 2 - Fifty-four polyethylene tubes filled with the experimental materials were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats. At 7, 30, and 90 days the animals were killed and the biopsies were processed for histological evaluation. RESULTS: Experiment--Both time of elution and material significantly influenced cell respiratory activity. In general, the extracts obtained at 24 h were less cytotoxic than 48 and 72 h incubation. The cytotoxic effect of VM and RL were not statistically different (p < 0.05) for the 24-hour period. VB showed the highest cytotoxic effect. Experiment 2--All RMGICs elicited at 7 days a moderate to intense inflammatory reaction which decreased over time. However, connective healing occurred for most of samples at 90-day evaluation. SIGNIFICANCE: Glass-ionomer cements may cause noticeable inflammatory response when in direct contact to connective tissue. The toxic effects of this kind of soluble material depend on the amount of components released in the aqueous environment.