ABSTRACT
The pork production chain is an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. This study identified and characterized integrons in Salmonella isolates from a Brazilian pork production chain and associate them with their antibiotic resistance pattern. A total of 41 whole-genome sequencing data of nontyphoidal Salmonella were analyzed using PlasmidSPAdes and IntegronFinder software. Nine isolates (21.9%) had some integrons identified (complete and/or incomplete). Six complete class 1 integrons were found, with streptomycin resistance genes (aadA1, aadA2) alone or downstream of a trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrA1, dfrA12), and some also containing resistance genes for sulfonamides (sul1, sul3) and chloramphenicol (cmlA1). Class 2 integron was detected in only one isolate, containing dfrA1-sat2-aadA1 gene cassettes. Five isolates harbored CALINs-clusters attC but lacking integrases-with antimicrobial resistance genes typically found in integron structures. In all, integrons were observed among four serotypes: Derby, Bredeney, Panama, and monophasic var. Typhimurium I 4,[5],12:i:-. The association of integrons with antibiotic resistance phenotype showed that these elements were predominantly identified in multidrug resistance isolates, and six of the seven gentamicin-resistant isolates had integrons. So, surveillance of integrons in Salmonella should be performed to identify the potential for the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes among bacteria.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Integrons , Salmonella , Integrons/genetics , Brazil , Animals , Swine , Salmonella/genetics , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Salmonella/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Phenotype , Food Microbiology , Whole Genome Sequencing , Computer Simulation , Pork Meat/microbiologyABSTRACT
O objetivo com a realização deste estudo foi analisar as características físico-químicas de quatro marcas comerciais de salsichas de frango comercializadas na cidade de João PessoaPB. Foi adquirida uma amostra indicativa de cada marca (S1, S2, S3 e S4) e analisadas quanto à umidade, lipídios, proteínas, nitrito e amido. Todas as marcas estavam em conformidade com o regulamento técnico quanto aos teores de umidade, lipídios e nitrito. Por outro lado, em relação à proteína, as amostras S2 (11,80%) e S3 (11,33%) tiveram resultados abaixo do mínimo permitido pela legislação. Todas as amostras de salsicha tiveram resultado para amido (mín. 3,23g/100g e máx. 5,22g/100g) acima do permitido. Assim, deve ser intensificado o controle e a fiscalização na produção de tais produtos, para garantir que estes estejam de acordo com a legislação vigente.
