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Heart ; 99(3): 168-74, 2013 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23184014

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The effects of ω-3 fatty acids on endothelial function, fibrinolysis and platelet function are uncertain. We investigated the effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on endothelial vasomotor function, endogenous fibrinolysis, and platelet and monocyte activation in healthy cigarette smokers; a group at increased risk of myocardial infarction. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Twenty cigarette smokers were recruited into a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation. INTERVENTION: ω-3 fatty acid supplements (2 g/day) or placebo for a 6-week period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peripheral blood was taken for analysis of platelet and monocyte activation, and forearm blood flow (FBF) was assessed in a subset of 12 smokers during intrabrachial infusions of acetylcholine, substance P and sodium nitroprusside. Stimulated plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) concentrations were measured during substance P infusion. RESULTS: All vasodilators caused dose-dependent increases in FBF (p<0.0001). Compared with placebo, ω-3 fatty acid supplementation led to greater endothelium-dependent vasodilatation with acetylcholine and substance P (p=0.0032 and p=0.056). Substance P caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma t-PA concentrations (p<0.0001) that was greater after ω-3 fatty acid supplementation compared with placebo (8.8±2.3 IU ml(-1) vs 3.6±1.1 IU ml(-1); p=0.029). ω-3 fatty acids did not affect platelet-monocyte aggregation, platelet P-selectin or CD40L, or monocyte CD40. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated for the first time that ω-3 fatty acids augment acute endothelial t-PA release and improve endothelial vasomotor function in cigarette smokers. Improved endogenous fibrinolysis and endothelial function may represent important mechanisms through which ω-3 fatty acids confer potential cardiovascular benefits.


Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage , Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control , Smoking/adverse effects , Tobacco Products , Vasodilation/drug effects , Adult , Brachial Artery/drug effects , Brachial Artery/physiopathology , Cross-Over Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Double-Blind Method , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacokinetics , Flow Cytometry , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/blood , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Plethysmography , Prospective Studies , Smoking/blood , Smoking/physiopathology , Young Adult
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