Cultivating intellectual community in academia: reflections from the Science and Technology Studies Food and Agriculture Network (STSFAN).

Scholarship flourishes in inclusive environments where open deliberations and generative feedback expand both individual and collective thinking. Many researchers, however, have limited access to such settings, and most conventional academic conferences fall short of promises to provide them. We have written this Field Report to share our methods for cultivating a vibrant intellectual community within the Science and Technology Studies Food and Agriculture Network (STSFAN). This is paired with insights from 21 network members on aspects that have allowed STSFAN to thrive, even amid a global pandemic. Our hope is that these insights will encourage others to cultivate their own intellectual communities, where they too can receive the support they need to deepen their scholarship and strengthen their intellectual relationships.

Association between neighborhood physical characteristics and mental health among older adults in Spain.

The aim was to assess the impact of neighborhood physical environment on mental health among non-institutionalized older adults. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted over a representative sample of 5,071 people ≥65 years from the Spanish National Health Survey. The survey included nine items addressing the self-perceived degree of discomfort due to neighborhood physical problems. Participants were categorized into groups with "no problems", "some problems" (somewhat discomfort on 1-4 items) and "many problems" (somewhat discomfort on ≥5 items or very much discomfort on ≥1 item). Mental health status was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire, consisting of 12 items assessing the severity of a psychological distress over the past few weeks. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regressions. A dose-response association (p-trend<0.001) was found between living in neighborhoods with some (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.14-1.75) or many problems (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.55-2.42) affecting the physical environment with poor mental health of community dwelling older adults. Integrating and articulating health considerations into public policymaking regarding housing and the residential environment can have broad implications for healthy aging.

Gentrification pathways and their health impacts on historically marginalized residents in Europe and North America: Global qualitative evidence from 14 cities.

As global cities grapple with the increasing challenge of gentrification and displacement, research in public health and urban geography has presented growing evidence about the negative impacts of those unequal urban changes on the health of historically marginalized groups. Yet, to date comprehensive research about the variety of health impacts and their pathways beyond single case sites and through an international comparative approach of different gentrification drivers and manifestations remains scarce. In this paper, we analyze qualitative data on the pathways by which gentrification impacts the health of historically marginalized residents in 14 cities in Europe and North America. We build on 77 interviews with key neighborhood stakeholders. Data analysis indicates four main concurrent processes: Threats to housing and financial security; Socio-cultural displacement; Loss of services and amenities through institutional gentrification; and Increased risks of criminal behavior and compromised public safety. Gentrification is experienced as a chain of physical and emotional community and individual traumas - an overall shock for historically marginalized groups - because of permanent pressures of insecurity, loss, state of displaceability, and the associated exacerbation of socio-environmental disadvantages.

Natural outdoor environments' health effects in gentrifying neighborhoods: Disruptive green landscapes for underprivileged neighborhood residents.

BACKGROUND: Cities are restoring existing natural outdoor environments (NOE) or creating new ones to address diverse socio-environmental and health challenges. The idea that NOE provide health benefits is supported by the therapeutic landscapes concept. However, several scholars suggest that NOE interventions may not equitably serve all urban residents and may be affected by processes such as gentrification. Applying the therapeutic landscapes concept, this study assesses the impacts of gentrification processes on the associations between NOE and the health of underprivileged, often long-term, neighborhood residents. METHODS: We examined five neighborhoods in five cities in Canada, the United States and Western Europe. Our case studies were neighborhoods experiencing gentrification processes and NOE interventions. In each city, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews on NOE interventions, equity/justice, gentrification and health (n = 117) with case study neighborhood residents, community-based organizations, neighborhood resident leaders and other stakeholders such as public agencies staff. RESULTS: Respondents highlighted a variety of interconnected and overlapping factors: the insufficient benefits of NOE to counterbalance other factors detrimental to health, the use of NOE for city branding and housing marketing despite pollution, unwelcomeness, increase of conflicts, threats to physical displacement for themselves and their social networks, unattractiveness, deficient routes, inadequate NOE maintenance and lack of safety in NOE. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that underprivileged neighborhood residents were perceived to experience new or improved NOE as what we call "disruptive green landscapes" (i.e. non-therapeutic landscapes with which they were not physically or emotionally engaged) instead of as therapeutic landscapes.

[Training and knowledge on basic life support by civil guards.] / Formación y conocimientos sobre Soporte Vital Básico de la Guardia Civil.

OBJECTIVE: Civil Guards are deployed throughout Spain and susceptible to being the first responders in out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest. However, their level of training to perform Basic Life Support (BLS) is unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the level of knowledge on BLS of Civil Guards, and to explore the association between periodicity of training and knowledge. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 839 Civil Guards in Asturias (Spain). A questionnaire with 14 multiple-choice questions assessed knowledge on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use of automatic defibrillator, which were transferred to 0-10 points scales (higher score indicted higher knowledge). Multiple linear regressions were used to estimate mean knowledge scores according to training on BLS (never, >2 years ago and ≤2 years ago), adjusted by sociodemographic and occupational variables. RESULTS: Around 1 out of 10 Civil Guards performed some real CPR (11.2%). Regarding training, 42.5% had never participated in courses and 33.4% were trained >2 years ago. There was a discordance between willingness to perform BLS (65.6%) and self-perception of preparation (21.8%). A dose-response association was detected between training periodicity and knowledge: 4.26 points (95% CI: 4.07-4.45) of those never formed, 5.93 (95% CI: 5.71-6, 15) of those trained >2 years ago, 7.18 (95% CI: 6.92-7.44) of those trained ≤2 years ago (p-trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The level of training and knowledge on BLS of the Civil Guards is low. Receiving training every two years is significantly associated with greater knowledge.

OBJETIVO: La Guardia Civil es un cuerpo desplegado por toda España y susceptible de ser el primer interviniente en paradas cardiorrespiratorias extrahospitalarias. Sin embargo, se desconoce su nivel de capacitación para realizar Soporte Vital Básico (SVB). El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el nivel de conocimientos de los guardias civiles sobre SVB y determinar si la periodicidad de la formación se asociaba con los conocimientos. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal con una muestra de 839 guardias civiles de Asturias. Un cuestionario de 14 preguntas de opción múltiple evaluó los conocimientos sobre resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP) y uso del desfibrilador automático, que se trasladaron a escalas de 0-10 puntos (más puntos indicaron más conocimientos). Se utilizaron regresiones lineales múltiples para estimar las puntuaciones medias de conocimientos según la formación en SVB (nunca, hace más de 2 años y menor o igual a 2 años), ajustadas por variables sociodemográficas y profesionales. RESULTADOS: El 11,2% de los guardias civiles había realizado alguna RCP real. El 42,5% nunca había recibido formación y el 33,4% hace más de 2 años. Encontramos discordancia entre la disposición para realizar SVB (65,6%) y la sensación de estar adecuadamente preparado (21,8%). Se detectó asociación dosis-respuesta entre la periodicidad de la formación y los conocimientos: 4,26 puntos (IC95%: 4,07-4,45) de los nunca formados; 5,93 (IC95%: 5,71-6,15) de los formados hace más de 2 años; 7,18 (IC95%: 6,92-7,44) de los formados hace menos o igual a 2 años (p-tendencia<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: El nivel de formación y conocimientos sobre SVB de los guardias civiles es bajo. Recibir formación cada dos años se asocia significativamente con mayores conocimientos.

Valoración de la resistencia mecánica a la fuerza de tracción de los microimplantes utilizados como anclaje en el tratamiento ortodóncico / Assessment of mechanical resistance to traction force of microimplants used as anchorage in orthodontic treatment

El manejo del anclaje es fundamental en el tratamiento ortodóncico. La falta de cooperación obliga al profesional a elegir otras alternativas terapéuticas comprometiendo, en algunos casos, los objetivos establecidos. Esta evidencia ha inducido a los profesionales a buscar nuevos métodos de anclaje que requieran poca o ninguna colaboración por parte del paciente. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: a) valorar y cuantificar la resistencia mecánica a fuerzas de tracción de los miniimplantes con la comparación de los parámetros de diámetro y longitud; b) valorar si la resistencia a la tracción permanecía constante al someter los miniimplantes a un segundo análisis, y c) observar microscópicamente el comportamiento superficial del filo del miniimplante. Se analizaron la resistencia a fuerzas de tracción de 12 miniimplantes Jeil Medical Corporation mediante la máquina electromecánica ibertest modelo elib -5/W. Los datos obtenidos fueron codificados y analizados estadísticamente mediante el programa SPSS 12.00 para el sistema Windows, y se observó que presentaban mayor resistencia los miniimplantes de mayor diámetro y mayor longitud. En un segundo análisis se observó que la resistencia a la tracción disminuye considerablemente para todos los tipos de miniimplantes, y ésta fue estadísticamente significativa, a excepción de aquéllos de mayor diámetro y mayor longitud que lo hacen en una proporción menor, y puede estar relacionada con la deformación superficial del filo del miniimplante (AU)

The management of anchorage is very important in orthodontic treatment. The lack of cooperation makes the professional choose other treatments compromising, sometimes, the established aims. This evidence has induced the orthodontist to look for new anchorage methods without patient collaboration. The aims of this study were: evaluate and quantificate the mini-implants mechanic resistance to traction forces and compare this resistance with diameter and length, and evaluate if the resistance to traction was constant when the mini-implants were analyzed for the second time and valutare the superficial behaviour about the blade of mini-implants with microscope . We analyzed the traction forces resistance of twelve mini-implants Jeil Medical corporation with the electromechanic machine ibertest model elib -5/W. The analysis was carried out by statistical analysis software (Spss 12.00) for the windows system observing that the mini-implantss with major diameter and length have better resistance. In the second analysis we observed that the traction resistance decreases considerablely in all groups with significance. The exception was the mini-implants with a major diameter and length because the decrease is in minor proportion. This founds would be related with the blade superficial deformation (AU)