Elicitation of Bacillus cereus-Amazcala (B.c-A) with SiO2 Nanoparticles Improves Its Role as a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) in Chili Pepper Plants.

Agriculture needs to decrease the use of agrochemicals due to their high toxicity and adopt new strategies to achieve sustainable food production. Therefore, nanoparticles (NPs) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been proposed as viable strategies to obtain better crop yields with less environmental impact. Here, we describe the effect of silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) on survival, antioxidant enzymatic activity, phosphate solubilization capacity, and gibberellin production of Bacillus cereus-Amazcala (B.c-A). Moreover, the effect of the co-application of SiO2-NPs and B.c-A on seed germination, physiological characteristics, and antioxidant enzymatic activity of chili pepper plants was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that SiO2-NPs at 100 ppm enhanced the role of B.c-A as PGPB by increasing its phosphate solubilization capacity and the production of GA7. Moreover, B.c-A catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were increased with SiO2-NPs 100 ppm treatment, indicating that SiO2-NPs act as a eustressor, inducing defense-related responses. The co-application of SiO2-NPs 100 ppm and B.c-A improved chili pepper growth. There was an increase in seed germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves, and number and yield of fruits. There was also an increase in CAT and PAL activities in chili pepper plants, indicating that bacteria-NP treatment induces plant immunity.

Complicaciones y re intervenciones de las cintas transobturadoras y retropúbicas en el Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá 2015-2020

la incontinencia urinaria (IU), se define por la Sociedad Internacional de Continencia, como la perdida involuntaria de orina, una condición potencialmente tratable con disminución de la calidad de vida de las mujeres en diferentes aspectos, entre ellos la salud sexual con su pareja y su bienestar social. Se han descrito que solo el 44,9 % de las mujeres consultan, teniendo mayores tasas de depresión y ansiedad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la aparición de complicaciones intraoperatorias y posoperatorias con la realización de cintas transobturadora y retropúbica en el Hospital Militar Central en Bogotá durante el periodo 2015 al 2020. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte longitudinal, en el Hospital Militar Central en Bogotá; se incluyeron todas las pacientes con diagnósticos de incontinencia urinaria, tanto de esfuerzo, como de urgencias y/o mixtas, intervenidas con cintas medios uretrales libres de tensión por vía retropúbica o transobturadora. Las complicaciones posteriores al procedimiento quirúrgico la más prevalente fue el dolor con un 96,8 %, seguida de infección urinaria o expulsión de la banda con un 8,6 %; entre otras complicaciones menos frecuentes como hematomas, dispareunia y abscesos. La mayoría de las pacientes obtuvieron una adecuada respuesta clínica en el postoperatorio, el 77 % no requirió ningún manejo adicional. Las cintas mediouretrales, proporcionan un buen resultado con una baja incidencia de complicaciones quirúrgicas y recidiva, con mejoría de la calidad de vida de la paciente frente a su patología de incontinencia urinaria.

The International Continence Society defines urinary incontinence (UI) as the involuntary loss of urine, a potentially treatable condition with a decrease in the quality of life of women in different aspects, including sexual health with their partner and their social well-being. It has been described that only 44.9% of women consult, having higher rates of depression and anxiety. The objective of this research was to determine the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications with the performance of transobturator and retropubic taping at the Central Military Hospital in Bogota during the period 2015 to 2020. An observational, descriptive, retrospective, retrospective. All patients with diagnoses of urinary incontinence, both stress, emergency, and/or mixed, operated with tension-free mid-urethral tapes by retropubic or transobturator route were included. The most prevalent complications after the surgical procedure were pain (96.8 %), followed by urinary tract infection or expulsion of the band (8.6 %), among other less frequent complications such as hematomas, dyspareunia, and abscesses. Most patients obtained an adequate clinical response in the postoperative period, 77 % did not require additional management. Mediourethral tapes provide a good result with a low incidence of surgical complications and recurrence, improving the patient's quality of life concerning her urinary incontinence pathology.

a incontinência urinária (IU) é definida pela Sociedade Internacional de Continência como a perda involuntária de urina, uma condição potencialmente tratável com uma diminuição na qualidade de vida das mulheres em diferentes aspectos, incluindo a saúde sexual com seu parceiro e seu bem-estar social. Foi relatado que apenas 44,9% das mulheres consultam, apresentando taxas mais altas de depressão e ansiedade. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a ocorrência de complicações intraoperatórias e pós-operatórias com fita transobturatória e retropúbica no Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá, Colômbia, durante o período de 2015 a 2020. Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo de corte longitudinal no Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá, incluindo todos os pacientes diagnosticados com incontinência urinária, tanto de esforço, de emergência e/ou mista, operados com slings mediouretrais sem tensão via retropúbica ou transobturatória. As complicações mais prevalentes após o procedimento cirúrgico foram dor (96,8%), seguida de infecção do trato urinário ou expulsão da faixa (8,6%), entre outras complicações menos frequentes, como hematomas, dispareunia e abscessos. A maioria dos pacientes teve uma resposta clínica adequada no pós-operatório e 77% não precisaram de nenhum tratamento adicional. Os slings mediouretrais proporcionam um bom resultado com baixa incidência de complicações cirúrgicas e recorrência, com melhora na qualidade de vida da paciente com relação à sua patologia de incontinência urinária.

Principales diagnósticos clinicoendoscópicos e histológicos en ancianos con afecciones gastroduodenales / Main clinical, endoscopic and histological diagnosis in aged patients with gastric and duodenal disorders

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 257 ancianos con afecciones gastroduodenales, según resultados clinicoendoscópicos e histológicos, ingresados en las salas de Medicina Interna y Geriatría del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, durante el bienio 2010-2011, con vistas a caracterizarles e identificar los principales diagnósticos en ellos. Entre las entidades gastroduodenales predominaron las enfermedades gástricas; asimismo, preponderaron el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 70-79 años y la gastritis antral como hallazgo endoscópico. Se demostró que en un número elevado de pacientes estaba infectado por Helicobacter pylori y que la densidad de colonización ligera se distinguió a medida que progresaba la lesión gástrica(AU)

A descriptive and retrospective study of 257 old men with gastric and duodenal disorders, according to clinical endoscopic and histological results who were admitted in the Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Departments of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out during the biennium 2010-2011, with the aim of characterizing them and to identify the main diagnosis in them. Among the gastric and duodenal diseases the gastric ones prevailed; also, the male sex, the age group 70-79 years and the antral gastritis as endoscopic finding prevailed. It was demonstrated that a high number of patients were infected by Helicobacter pylori and that the density of slight colonization was distinguished as the gastric lesion progressed(AU)

Principales diagnósticos clinicoendoscópicos e histológicos en ancianos con afecciones gastroduodenales / Main clinical, endoscopic and histological diagnosis in aged patients with gastric and duodenal disorders

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 257 ancianos con afecciones gastroduodenales, según resultados clinicoendoscópicos e histológicos, ingresados en las salas de Medicina Interna y Geriatría del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el bienio 2010-2011, con vistas a caracterizarles e identificar los principales diagnósticos en ellos. Entre las entidades gastroduodenales predominaron las enfermedades gástricas; asimismo, preponderaron el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 70-79 años y la gastritis antral como hallazgo endoscópico. Se demostró que en un número elevado de pacientes estaba infectado por Helicobacter pylori y que la densidad de colonización ligera se distinguió a medida que progresaba la lesión gástrica.

A descriptive and retrospective study of 257 old men with gastric and duodenal disorders, according to clinical endoscopic and histological results who were admitted in the Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Departments of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out during the biennium 2010-2011, with the aim of characterizing them and to identify the main diagnosis in them. Among the gastric and duodenal diseases the gastric ones prevailed; also, the male sex, the age group 70-79 years and the antral gastritis as endoscopic finding prevailed. It was demonstrated that a high number of patients were infected by Helicobacter pylori and that the density of slight colonization was distinguished as the gastric lesion progressed.

An inelastic retropubic suburethral sling in women with intrinsic sphincter deficiency.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We evaluated outcomes of an inelastic retropubic sling in patients with intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD). METHODS: This is a retrospective review of women diagnosed with ISD according to urodynamic parameters who underwent a retropubic suburethral sling surgery using a tape with minimal elasticity. All patients in the study where followed up at 2, 6, and 24 weeks and yearly. Outcome measures included self-assessed satisfaction, daily incontinence episodes and pad usage, standardized stress test, postvoid residual volume, and surgical complications. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-seven patients were involved in this study, with a median follow-up of 43 [interquartile range (IQR) 22-77] weeks and a minimum of 12 weeks. Two patients (0.008 %) had a positive stress test postoperatively. There was a decrease in daily incontinence events (median 1.5-0) (p < 0.001) and pad usage per day (median 1.5-0) (p < 0.001). Two hundred and sixteen (87.4 %) patients reported subjective improvement in symptoms. Urinary retention was found in 18 (7.2 %) patients, and 19 (7.7 %) patients required reintervention, mostly with bulking agent injections for persistent incontinence. No tape-related mesh exposures were reported. CONCLUSION: Retropubic suburethral inelastic slings represent a good option for treating patients with ISD, with satisfactory continent rates and low postoperative complications.

Confirmación endoscópica de la gastritis por Helicobacter pilory en un centro médico venezolano de diagnóstico integral / Endoscopy confirmation of gastritis due to Helicobacter pilory at a medical center of comprehensive diagnosis in Venezuela

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo para diagnosticar, mediante endoscopia, la gastritis producida por Helicobacter pilory en 50 de 215 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de gastroenterología del Centro Médico de Diagnóstico Integral del municipio de Achaguas, en el estado venezolano de Apure, desde enero de 2008 hasta igual mes de 2009, a quienes se les indicó un examen serológico para caracterizarles según clasificación endoscópica y topográfica de ese tipo de inflamación estomacal. En la serie se encontró un predominio del trastorno gastroduodenal por la citada bacteria en el sexo femenino y personas jóvenes de 15 a 34 años.

A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out from January, 2008 to January, 2009 to diagnose, through endoscopy, gastritis condition caused by Helicobacter pilory in 50 subjects out of 215 individuals who attended Gastroenterology Department at the Medical Center of Comprehensive Diagnosis from Achaguas municipality, located in Apure state, Venezuela. Those subjects underwent a serological test to characterize them according to endoscopic and topographic classification of that kind of stomach inflammation. A prevalence of that gastroduodenal condition caused by the aforementioned bacteria in female and young persons aged 15-34 years was found in the series.

Confirmación endoscópica de la gastritis por Helicobacter pilory en un centro médico venezolano de diagnóstico integral / Endoscopy confirmation of gastritis due to Helicobacter pilory at a medical center of comprehensive diagnosis in Venezuela

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo para diagnosticar, mediante endoscopia, la gastritis producida por Helicobacter pilory en 50 de 215 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de gastroenterología del Centro Médico de Diagnóstico Integral del municipio de Achaguas, en el estado venezolano de Apure, desde enero de 2008 hasta igual mes de 2009, a quienes se les indicó un examen serológico para caracterizarles según clasificación endoscópica y topográfica de ese tipo de inflamación estomacal. En la serie se encontró un predominio del trastorno gastroduodenal por la citada bacteria en el sexo femenino y personas jóvenes de 15 a 34 años(AU)

A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out from January, 2008 to January, 2009 to diagnose, through endoscopy, gastritis condition caused by Helicobacter pilory in 50 subjects out of 215 individuals who attended Gastroenterology Department at the Medical Center of Comprehensive Diagnosis from Achaguas municipality, located in Apure state, Venezuela. Those subjects underwent a serological test to characterize them according to endoscopic and topographic classification of that kind of stomach inflammation. A prevalence of that gastroduodenal condition caused by the aforementioned bacteria in female and young persons aged 15-34 years was found in the series(AU)

The relationship between anthropometric measurements and the bony pelvis in African American and European American women.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The bony pelvis anatomy is highly variable. This study aims to examine the relationship between anthropometric measurements and the size of the adult female bony pelvis. METHODS: Three-dimensional points of all pertinent landmarks of 96 adult female bony pelvises were obtained and the true conjugate, interspinous distance, intertuberous distance, and pelvic inlet and outlet areas were calculated. The relationship between these measurements and height and multiple anthropometric measurements were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS: Multiple anthropometric measurements were significantly correlated with the true conjugate and pelvic inlet and outlet areas, but not with the interspinous or intertuberous widths. Height had a greater correlation with pelvic areas than any other anthropometric measure considered, even after controlling for race. There were no significant differences in pelvic areas between races. CONCLUSIONS: Height and other anthropometric measurements were significantly correlated with the true conjugate and pelvic inlet and outlet areas.

Hallazgos anatomopatológicos en pacientes con disfunción biliar / Pathological findings in patients with biliary dysfunction

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de 84 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital General Docente D Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba desde enero de 2010 hasta igual mes de 2011, a los cuales se realizó colecistectomía por presentar manifestaciones clínicas de disfunción biliar; pero después de extirparles la vesícula, acudieron a la consulta externa de la especialidad con dolor abdominal y cuadros diarreicos, entre otros síntomas y signos. En busca de datos más precisos, se comparó el diagnóstico preoperatorio con los hallazgos anatomopatológicos, de donde se derivó que a pesar de que en muchos casos no coincidían, ello no obstaculizó la obtención de resultados satisfactorios en los integrantes de la casuística.

A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study with 84 patients assisted at Gastroenterology Service from Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2010 to January, 2011. These patients underwent a colecistectomy for having clinical manifestations of biliary dysfunction. After removing the gallbladder, patients having abdominal pain and diarrhea, among other symptoms and signs, attended the outpatient department related to this speciality. Searching for precise data, the pre-surgical diagnosis was compared to the pathological findings, in which case it was concluded that, in spite of many cases did not match, this fact did not hinder the obtaining of satisfactory results in the case material.

Hallazgos anatomopatológicos en pacientes con disfunción biliar / Pathological findings in patients with biliary dysfunction

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de 84 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital General Docente D Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba desde enero de 2010 hasta igual mes de 2011, a los cuales se realizó colecistectomía por presentar manifestaciones clínicas de disfunción biliar; pero después de extirparles la vesícula, acudieron a la consulta externa de la especialidad con dolor abdominal y cuadros diarreicos, entre otros síntomas y signos. En busca de datos más precisos, se comparó el diagnóstico preoperatorio con los hallazgos anatomopatológicos, de donde se derivó que a pesar de que en muchos casos no coincidían, ello no obstaculizó la obtención de resultados satisfactorios en los integrantes de la casuística(AU)

A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study with 84 patients assisted at Gastroenterology Service from Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2010 to January, 2011. These patients underwent a colecistectomy for having clinical manifestations of biliary dysfunction. After removing the gallbladder, patients having abdominal pain and diarrhea, among other symptoms and signs, attended the outpatient department related to this speciality. Searching for precise data, the pre-surgical diagnosis was compared to the pathological findings, in which case it was concluded that, in spite of many cases did not match, this fact did not hinder the obtaining of satisfactory results in the case material(AU)

[Contribution of the faculty of pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela to the development of the Spanish scientific research in the first third of the 20th century (1900-1936)]. / Contribución de la facultad de farmacia de Santiago de Compostela al desarrollo de la investigación científica Española en el primer tercio del siglo XX (1900-1936).

The Faculty of Pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela was founded in 1857, but research activities did not start until the beginning of the 20th century. The new Spanish regulations promoting the experimentation at universities and the stages of professors and recently graduated students outside Spain contributed to generate a remarkable research group in a provincial university. The excessive university centralism at that time in Spain and the characteristics of the headquarters of the faculty -- a 16th century Renaissance palace -- hindered, in general, the research development. However, the scientific spirit of professors and students, and their work were imposed and they achieved an estimable status in pharmacy research in Galicia. The facilities were the staff's highest priority and it raised more than a protest. A remarkable investment in apparatuses and laboratory materials was carried out and researchers started to publish original research papers in local journals, such as the "Revista de farmacia," published by their own University. In the previous years to the Spanish Civil War (1936) the research status in drug development and the background of the staff and students were important, allowing them to join the military laboratory that Franco's army created at the faculty of pharmacy. The research work continued in a small scale and was specially focused on the production of "copy drugs" coping European specific drugs which were scarce at that time. The first third of the 20th century was the germ of the great research prestige that the Faculty of Pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela enjoys at present.

An inexpensive polypropylene patch sling for treatment of intrinsic sphincteric deficiency.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an inexpensive polypropylene sling in patients with intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD). DESIGN: Case series (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Cleveland Clinic Florida teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Analysis of 161 patients with ISD who underwent a surgeon-assembled polypropylene (Prolene) patch sling procedure. INTERVENTION: Polypropylene patch sling surgery was performed in all study patients with urinary stress incontinence due to ISD. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All patients underwent urogynecologic evaluation including multichannel urodynamics. Outcome measures included a standardized stress test, patient-reported cure rate, surgical complications, and postoperative voiding dysfunction. Medical records for the 161 patients who underwent the procedure were available for review. Mean patient age was 62.4 years. Twenty-five patients (16%) had concomitant detrusor overactivity. Mean follow-up was 3.6 years. The stress test yielded negative findings in 93.4% of patients. Complete continence was reported by 80.3% of patients, and marked improvement by 7%. The estimated cost of the sling was $17 to $272, depending on the materials used. Two patients experienced urinary retention requiring urethrolysis. Three required sling revision because of healing problems. CONCLUSION: Use of a polypropylene patch sling is an effective treatment for ISD and is less expensive than currently available sling kits.

Flora bacteriana intestinal en pacientes con hepatopatías crónicas / Intestinal bacterial flora in patients with chronic hepatopathies

El diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades hepáticas se encuentran entre los objetivos priorizados del Ministerio de Salud Pública cubano; sin embargo, los nuevos descubrimientos respecto a su fisiopatología obliga a los profesionales sanitarios a mantenerse informados y actualizados sobre esa materia, con vista a lo cual se realizó una revisión bibliográfica enfocada fundamentalmente hacia la evolución fisiopatológica de la flora bacteriana intestinal como causante de daño hepático y la anatomía y fisiología del sistema hepatobiliar(AU)

The diagnosis and treatment of the hepatic diseases are among the prioritized objectives of the Cuban Public Health Ministry; however, the new findings regarding their pathophysiologies oblige the sanitary professionals to be informed and updated on that matter, for that purpose a literature review was carried out mainly aimed at the pathophysiological clinical course of the intestinal bacterial flora that accounts for the hepatic damage, anatomy and physiology of the hepatobiliary system(AU)

Flora bacteriana intestinal en pacientes con hepatopatías crónicas / Intestinal bacterial flora in patients with chronic hepatopathies

El diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades hepáticas se encuentran entre los objetivos priorizados del Ministerio de Salud Pública cubano; sin embargo, los nuevos descubrimientos respecto a su fisiopatología obliga a los profesionales sanitarios a mantenerse informados y actualizados sobre esa materia, con vista a lo cual se realizó una revisión bibliográfica enfocada fundamentalmente hacia la evolución fisiopatológica de la flora bacteriana intestinal como causante de daño hepático y la anatomía y fisiología del sistema hepatobiliar.

The diagnosis and treatment of the hepatic diseases are among the prioritized objectives of the Cuban Public Health Ministry; however, the new findings regarding their pathophysiologies oblige the sanitary professionals to be informed and updated on that matter, for that purpose a literature review was carried out mainly aimed at the pathophysiological clinical course of the intestinal bacterial flora that accounts for the hepatic damage, anatomy and physiology of the hepatobiliary system.

Afecciones digestivas más frecuentes en el adulto mayor / More frequent digestive conditions in the elderly

El diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades que padecen los ancianos de ambos sexos, figuran entre los objetivos priorizados en los programas ramales del Ministerio de Salud Pública cubano. Teniendo en cuenta que las modificaciones fisiológicas características del envejecimiento generan trastornos de la ingestión, digestión y absorción de los alimentos, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema para actualizar a los profesionales sanitarios sobre las afecciones que suelen presentarse en etapas avanzadas de la vida, entre las cuales sobresalen las digestivas, por lo cual deben ser muy específicas las decisiones médicas relacionadas con la detección, el control o la eliminación de esos procesos morbosos(AU)

The diagnosis and treatment of those conditions that the elderly suffer from are included among the goals prioritized in branch programs of the Cuban Ministry of Public Health. Taking into account that physiological modifications typical of the aging lead to food uptake, digestion and absorption conditions, a literature survey on the topic was carried out in order that the health professionals are updated on conditions that are usual in advanced stages of life, among which the digestive conditions are found. Therefore, medical decisions regarding the detection, control or elimination of those morbid processes should be very specific(AU)

Afecciones digestivas más frecuentes en el adulto mayor / More frequent digestive conditions in the elderly

El diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades que padecen los ancianos de ambos sexos, figuran entre los objetivos priorizados en los programas ramales del Ministerio de Salud Pública cubano. Teniendo en cuenta que las modificaciones fisiológicas características del envejecimiento generan trastornos de la ingestión, digestión y absorción de los alimentos, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema para actualizar a los profesionales sanitarios sobre las afecciones que suelen presentarse en etapas avanzadas de la vida, entre las cuales sobresalen las digestivas, por lo cual deben ser muy específicas las decisiones médicas relacionadas con la detección, el control o la eliminación de esos procesos morbosos.

The diagnosis and treatment of those conditions that the elderly suffer from are included among the goals prioritized in branch programs of the Cuban Ministry of Public Health. Taking into account that physiological modifications typical of the aging lead to food uptake, digestion and absorption conditions, a literature survey on the topic was carried out in order that the health professionals are updated on conditions that are usual in advanced stages of life, among which the digestive conditions are found. Therefore, medical decisions regarding the detection, control or elimination of those morbid processes should be very specific.

Contribución de la Facultad de Farmacia de Santiago de Compostela al desarrollo de la investigación científica española en el primer tercio del siglo XX (1900-1936) / Contribution of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela to the development of the Spanish scientific research in the first third of the 20th century (1900-1936)

La Facultad de Farmacia de Santiago de Compostela se fundó en 1857, pero no fue hasta comienzos del siglo XX cuando comenzó a desarrollar una labor de investigación en medicamentos.Las nuevas reglamentaciones que fomentaban la experimentación en los laboratorios universitarios y la formación de profesores y recién licenciados en el extranjero, contribuyeron a generar un grupo investigador notable dentro de una Facultad de provincias. La excesiva centralización en materia universitaria de la época y las características de la sede de la Facultad —un palacio renacentista del siglo XVI— dificultaron, en general, el desarrollo de la investigación. Sin embargo, el espíritu científico de profesores y alumnos, y su trabajo se impusieron y lograron un estatus digno en investigación de medicamentos en Galicia. En estos años comenzaron a publicarse trabajos originales principalmente en la «Revista de Farmacia», publicada por la propia Universidad compostelana. En los años precedentes a la guerra civil española (1936) el nivel alcanzado en investigación y desarrollo de medicamentos era importante, favoreciendo el hecho de que, una vez comenzada la contienda, el personal de la Facultad trabajó en el laboratorio de farmacia militar en el que fue transformada por el ejército franquista. Durante este período la labor investigadora continuó, aunquea menor escala, y orientada a la obtención de «medicamentos copia» de otros específicos que escaseaban en tiempos de guerra. Durante el primer tercio del siglo XX se desarrolló el germen del prestigio investigador del que goza en la actualidad la Facultad de Farmacia compostelana (AU)

The Faculty of Pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela was founded in 1857, but research activities did not start until the beginning of the 20th century. The new Spanish regulations promoting the experimentation at universities and the stages of professors and recently graduated students outside Spain contributed to generate a remarkable research group in a provincial university. The excessive university centralism at that time in Spain and the characteristics of the headquarters of the faculty —a 16th century Renaissance palace— hindered, in general, the research development. However, the scientific spirit of professors and students, and their work were imposed and they achieved an estimable status in pharmacy research in Galicia. The facilities were the staff's highest priority and it raised more than a protest. A remarkable investment in apparat uses and laboratory materials was carried out and researchers started to publish original research papers in local journals, such as the «Revista de farmacia», published by their own University.In the previous years to the Spanish Civil War (1936) the research status in drug development and the background of the staff and students were important, allowing them to join the military laboratory that Franco’s army created at the faculty of pharmacy. The research work continued in a small scale and was specially focused on the production of «copy drugs» copying European specific drugs which were scarce at that time. The first third of the 20th century was the germ of the great research prestige that the Faculty of Pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela enjoys at present (AU)

Páncreas atípico o heterotópico / Atypical or heterotopic pancreas

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 30 años de edad, atendida en la consulta de Gastroenterología por síntomas dispépticos con 6 meses de evolución, la cual fue valorada inicialmente en su consultorio médico, donde se le indicó tratamiento con antiácidos y procinéticos. Los resultados de los exámenes complementarios, incluida la biopsia, se correspondieron con las alteraciones características de un pólipo hamartomatoso con tejido pancreático heterotópico. A los 6 meses de ejecutada la polipectomía, la joven se mantenía asintomática.

The clinical case of a 30 year-old patient is reported, who was attended in the Gastroenterology Department due to dyspeptic symptoms with a course of 6 months and was evaluated initially in her doctor's office, where a treatment with antacid and procinetics was indicated. The results of additional tests, including biopsy, consisted with the characteristic alterations of an hamartomatous polyp with heterotopic pancreatic tissue. Six months after polypectomy she was asymptomatic.

Páncreas atípico o heterotópico / Atypical or heterotopic pancreas

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 30 años de edad, atendida en la consulta de Gastroenterología por síntomas dispépticos con 6 meses de evolución, la cual fue valorada inicialmente en su consultorio médico, donde se le indicó tratamiento con antiácidos y procinéticos. Los resultados de los exámenes complementarios, incluida la biopsia, se correspondieron con las alteraciones características de un pólipo hamartomatoso con tejido pancreático heterotópico. A los 6 meses de ejecutada la polipectomía, la joven se mantenía asintomática(AU)

The clinical case of a 30 year-old patient is reported, who was attended in the Gastroenterology Department due to dyspeptic symptoms with a course of 6 months and was evaluated initially in her doctor's office, where a treatment with antacid and procinetics was indicated. The results of additional tests, including biopsy, consisted with the characteristic alterations of an hamartomatous polyp with heterotopic pancreatic tissue. Six months after polypectomy she was asymptomatic(AU)

Medios de diagnóstico aplicados para la confirmación de enfermedades hepatobiliares / Diagnosis means for the confirmation of hepatobiliary diseases

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en dos salas de Medicina Interna y en la sala de Gastroenterología Clínica del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde febrero del 2006 hasta igual período del 2007, con vista a disminuir la repercusión negativa de las enfermedades hepatobiliares sobre el funcionamiento orgánico en general. Las fuentes de información utilizadas fueron la historia clínica y los registros estadísticos. Las pruebas serológicas fueron las más utilizadas y con mayor efectividad en el diagnóstico de estas afecciones. Predominaron las enfermedades de localización hepática y la mayoría por causas infecciosas.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in two rooms of Internal Medicine and in the Clinical Gastroenterology room at Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, from February, 2006 to February, 2007, with the purpose of decreasing negative implication of hepatobiliary diseases on organic functioning in general. The used sources of information were medical and statistical records. Serological tests were the most used and more effective in the diagnosis of these conditions. Hepatic diseases prevailed and most of them due to infectious causes.