Incidence, Mortality and Survival of Pediatric Cancer in Uruguay 2011-2015

Introduction: Childhood cancer is a small proportion of all cancers but is still a major public health problem. Objective: To describe the 5-year incidence and mortality rates and net survival of childhood cancer in Uruguay. Method: Data on all malignant tumors diagnosed in children aged 0-14 were included for the period 2011-2015, obtained from the National Pediatric Registry of Cancer and from the Ministry of Health Mortality Registry, classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3). Information on the total population was obtained from national census records. Follow up was made until December 2020. Results: The standardized incidence rate was 128/million children per year. The distribution of the disease was similar to developed countries. The overall mortality rate was 28.2/million, with a net overall survival of 79.6% for the total population. Conclusion: Childhood cancer incidence in Uruguay is similar to developed countries. Progress in diagnosis and care have improved survival immensely, but efforts must continue to keep this trend and ameliorate the outcomes.

Introdução: O câncer em crianças representa uma pequena proporção de todos os cânceres, mas continua a ser um importante problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Descrever a incidência e a mortalidade, bem como a sobrevida do câncer infantil no Uruguai por um período de cinco anos. Método: Foram incluídos todos os tumores malignos diagnosticados em crianças de 0 a 14 anos de 2011 a 2015. Os dados foram obtidos do Registro Nacional de Câncer e dos Registros de Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde. Os casos foram classificados de acordo com a International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3). A informação total sobre a população foi obtida a partir de registros do censo nacional. O acompanhamento foi feito até dezembro de 2020. Resultados: A taxa de incidência padronizada foi de 128/milhão de crianças por ano. A distribuição foi semelhante à dos países industrializados. A taxa de mortalidade global foi de 28,2/milhão, com sobrevida global líquida de 79,6% para a população total. Conclusão: A incidência de câncer infantil no Uruguai é semelhante à dos países desenvolvidos. Os avanços no diagnóstico e no atendimento melhoraram substancialmente a sobrevida, mas os esforços devem continuar para se obter melhores resultados.

Introducción: El cáncer en los niños constituye una pequeña proporción de todos los cánceres pero continúa siendo un importante problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Describir la incidencia y mortalidad, así como la sobrevida neta del cáncer infantil en nuestro país durante cinco años. Método: Se incluyeron todos los tumores malignos diagnosticados en niños entre 0 y 14 años desde 2011 a 2015. Los datos se obtuvieron del Registro Nacional del Cáncer así como de los Registros de Mortalidad del Ministerio de Salud. Los casos se clasificaron de acuerdo con International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3). La información de la población total fue obtenida de los registros nacionales de censo. El seguimiento se hizo hasta diciembre de 2020. Resultados: La tasa de incidencia estandarizada fue de 128/millón de niños por año. La distribución fue similar a la de los países industrializados. La tasa de mortalidad global fue de 28,2/millón, con una sobrevida global neta de 79,6% para el grupo total. Conclusión: La incidencia de cáncer infantil en Uruguay es similar a la de los países desarrollados. Los avances en el diagnóstico y el cuidado han mejorado notablemente la sobrevida, pero se deben continuar los esfuerzos para seguir mejorando los resultados.

Room-temperature synthesis of nanometric and luminescent silver-MOFs.

Three silver-MOFs were prepared using an optimized, room-temperature methodology starting from AgNO3 and dicarboxylate ligands in water/ethanol yielding Ag 2 BDC, Ag 2 NDC (UAM-1), and Ag 2 TDC (UAM-2) at 38%-48% (BDC, benzenedicarboxylate; NDC, 1,8-naphthalene-dicarboxylate; TDC, p-terphenyl-4,4″-dicarboxylate). They were characterized by PXRD/FT-IR/TGA/photoluminescence spectroscopy, and the former two by SEM. These materials started decomposing at 330°C, while showing stability. The crystal structure of UAM-1 was determined by PXRD, DFT calculations, and Rietveld refinement. In general, the structure was 3D, with the largest Ag-O bond interlinking 2D layers. The FT-IR spectra revealed 1450 and 1680 bands (cm-1) of asymmetrically stretching aniso-/iso-bidentate -COO in coordination with 2/3-Ag atoms, accompanied by Ag-O bands at 780-740 cm-1, all demonstrating the network formation. XRD and SEM showed nanometric-scale crystals in Ag2BDC, and UAM-1 developed micrometric single-stranded/agglomerated fibrillar particles of varying nanometric widths. Luminescence spectroscopy showed emission by Ag2BDC, which was attributed to ligand-to-metal or ligand-to-metal-metal transitions, suggesting energy transfer due to the short distance between adjacent BDC molecules. UAM-1 and UAM-2 did not show luminescence emission attributable to ligand-to-metal transition; rather, they presented only UV emission. The stabilities of Ag2BDC and UAM-1 were evaluated in PBS/DMEM/DMEM+FBS media by XRD, which showed that they lost their crystallinity, resulting in AgCl due to soft-soft (Pearson's principle) affinity.

Synthesis and Characterization of an SWCNT@HKUST-1 Composite: Enhancing the CO2 Adsorption Properties of HKUST-1.

Synthesis of a new HKUST-1 composite based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was successfully achieved (SWCNT@HKUST-1). SWCNTs were used as templates to grow rod-like HKUST-1 crystals over the surface of the nanotubes. N2 adsorption properties showed an increment on the surface area and pore volume for the SWCNT@HKUST-1 composite. Furthermore, the CO2 capture increased, from 7.92 to 8.75 mmol g-1 at 196 K up to 100 kPa, for the SWCNT@HKUST-1 composite. This enhancement was directly associated with the increase of the surface area of the composite. Additionally, an increase in the CO2 heat of adsorption was estimated, from 30 to 39.1 kJ mol-1 for the SWCNT@HKUST-1 composite. In situ Raman experiments corroborated the favored CO2 adsorption for the composite and provided an insight into the augmented hydrophobicity of the SWCNT@HKUST-1. Ethanol adsorption isotherms corroborated an increase in the hydrophobicity of the material upon the incorporation of carbon nanotubes.

A multifactorial approach of nutritional, intellectual, brain development, cardiovascular risk, socio-economic, demographic and educational variables affecting the scholastic achievement in Chilean students: An eight- year follow-up study.

The aim of this study was to quantitate the relative impact of nutritional, intellectual, brain development, cardiovascular risk, socio-economic, demographic and educational variables on the results of the 2009 Quality Education Measurement System (SIMCE) tests of language and mathematics for scholastic achievement (SA) applying a multifactorial approach, in school-age children of the 2010 5th elementary school grade (5ESG) and of the 1st grade of high school (1HSG). The purposes were: i) to test the hypothesis that intellectual ability, the level of SA of the educational establishments in the 2009 SIMCE tests, sex, parental schooling levels, and head circumference-for-age Z-score are the most relevant parameters associated with 2009 SIMCE outcomes; ii) to determine the predictive ability of the 2009 SIMCE results in determining the 2013 SIMCE outcomes for the 2010 5ESG cohort (when they graduated from elementary school, 8th grade) and for determining the 2013 University Selection Test (PSU) outcomes for the 2010 1HSG group (for university admission, when they graduated from high school, 4th grade); iii) to determine the association between the 2009 SIMCE results with the 2017 PSU outcomes for the 2010 5ESG group (for university admission, when they graduated from high school, 4th grade). A representative, proportional and stratified sample of 33 schools of the Metropolitan Region of Chile was randomly chosen. In these schools, 1,353 school-age children of both sexes, of the 2010 5ESG (n = 682; mean age = 10.8 years, SD = 0.6) and of the 2010 1HSG (n = 671; mean age = 14.8 years, SD = 0.6) participated. In both grades and tests, the findings confirm the hypotheses formulated. 2009 SIMCE outcomes were positively and significantly associated with 2013 SIMCE and with 2017 PSU and, with 2013 PSU outcomes in school-age children from 2010 5ESG and 1HSG, respectively. These findings may be useful for educational and health planning in Chile and countries in a comparable stage of development.

Análisis del precio de una dieta saludable y no saludable en la región metropolitana de chile / Comparison of price between a healthy and unhealthy diet in the metropolitan region, chile

La implementación de guías alimentarias basadas en alimentos (GABA) es una estrategia usada por países latinoamericanos para promover una dieta saludable y disminuir las tasas de obesidad.Sin embargo, evidencia sugiere que una alimentación saludable tiene un mayor precio que una no saludable. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar el precio de una dieta saludable (DS) que cumple las GABA chilenascon una dieta no saludable (DNS), y asociar su precio con la densidad energética en la Región Metropolitana (RM) de Chile. La DS fue obtenida del libro “Cocina saludable: cómo incluir 5 porciones de frutas y verduras por día”,publicación oficial del Gobierno de Chile que describe un menú mensual que cumple con las GABA chilenas. La DNS se obtuvo al remplazar preparaciones en la DS por alimentos envasados o preparaciones de consumo típico en Chile. Los precios de alimentos fueron calculados a partir de bases de datos gubernamentales y de supermercados en línea para la RM de Chile. En comparación con la DS, la DNS presenta una menor calidad de alimentación y es hipercalórica con un mayor aporte de energía proveniente de grasas. Nuestros resultados indicanuna relación inversa entre densidad calórica y precio de grupos alimentarios y un mayor precio de la DS en comparación con la DNS. Estos resultados sugieren que una DS dieta que cumple con las GABA chilenas tiene un mayor precio, lo que podría limitar su implementación y la transición hacia patrones de alimentación saludables en laRM de Chile(AU)

. Comparison of price between a healthy and un healthy diet in the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Obesity remains a serious public health problem worldwide and in Latin America. The implementation of dietary guidelines is a strategy used in Chile and other Latin-American countries to promote healthy eating habits. Evidence from studies in US and Europe suggests that healthy eating patterns have a higher price compared to unhealthy food options. However, this has not been evaluated in Chile. Our goal was to compare the price and relation to energetic density of a healthy diet (HD) that follows the Chilean dietary with an unhealthy diet (UD) in the Metropolitan Region (MR), the most densely populated demographical division in Chile. The HD was obtained from the publication “Cocinasaludable: cómoincluir 5 porciones de frutas y verduras por día”, a book of recipessponsored by theChilean governmentto promote intake of fruits and vegetables that fulfills the Chilean dietary guidelines. The UD was obtained by replacing recipesand food items from the DS with processed foods and recipes typically consumed in Chile. The price database was compiled from databases of the Chilean Government and online retailers at MR. The UD has higher energy density, has higher energy from fats and a lower healthy eating index compared with the HD. Price analysis indicated an inverse relation between caloric density and price for food groups and that the UD has an overall lower price compared to the HD. Our results suggest that the higher price of a HD in compliance with the Chilean dietary guidelines could hinder their implementation in the MR, and the transition towards healthy eating habits among its population(AU)

Somatotype and intellectual ability (Raven Progressive Matrices Test) in Chilean school-age children.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between somatotype and intellectual ability (IA) in 11-12 and 15-16 year-old students (n = 1,015) in the Chile's Metropolitan Region from a representative sample of 33 educational establishments chosen at random. METHODS: The Heath-Carter somatotype and the IA assessed through the Raven Progressive Matrices Test were measured. RESULTS: The endomorph was observed in 59% of the students; 28% had a mesomorph and 13% ectomorph. The IA was distributed in: 11.2% Grade I, 26.8% Grade II, 41% Grade III, 17.6% Grade IV and 3.2% Grade V. A positive and significant correlation of IA with the endomorphic component (r = 0.074, p = 0.02) was found in the total sample and only in females (r = 0.109, p = 0.02); at the same time, a positive and significant correlation with the ectomorph component was also observed (r = 0.067, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that other variables would influence more strongly the IA for which further research is needed to quantitate this multifactorial problem.

Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el somatotipo y la habilidad intelectual (HA) en estudiantes de 11-12 y 15-16 años de edad de la Región Metropolitana, Chile. Métodos: Se registró una muestra representativa de 1.015 escolares de acuerdo a los resultados del sistema de medición de la calidad de la educación (SIMCE) 2009. Se evaluó el somatotipo de Heath-Carter y la HA de acuerdo al Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven. Resultados: Un 59% presentó un somatotipo endomórfico, 28% mesomórfico y 13% ectomorfo. La HA se distribuyó en: 11,2% Grado I, 26,8% Grado II, 41% Grado III, 17,6% Grado IV y 3,2% Grado V. Se presenta una correlación significativa positiva con el componente endomórfico (r = 0,074 p = 0,02), y sólo en mujeres (r = 0,109 p = 0,02), a la vez se observa una relación significativa positiva con el componente ectomorfo (r = 0,067 p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Esto sugiere que otras variables estarían influyendo más fuertemente en la HA, además de apoyar la no discriminación por biotipo en los establecimientos educacionales.

Effect of immediate or delayed light activation on curing kinetics and shrinkage stress of dual-cure resin cements.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of light activation (absence, immediate, or delayed) on conversion kinetics and polymerization stress of three commercial dual-cured resin cements (Enforce, RelyX ARC, and Panavia F). METHODS: Degree of conversion (DC) was monitored for 30 minutes using real-time near­Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The cement was mixed, placed on the spectrometer sample holder, and light activated either immediately or after five minutes (delayed light activation). When no light activation was performed, the materials were protected from light exposure (control). DC was evaluated at five and 30 minutes postmixture. Maximum rates of polymerization (Rp(max)) were obtained from the first derivative of the DC vs time curve. Polymerization stress was monitored for 30 minutes in 1-mm-thick specimens inserted between two cylinders attached to a universal testing machine. Data were submitted to analysis of variance/Tukey tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: Immediate light activation promoted the highest DC at five minutes. At 30 minutes, only RelyX ARC did not present a significant difference in DC between activation modes. Enforce and Panavia F presented higher Rp(max) for immediate and delayed light-activation, respectively. RelyX ARC showed similar Rp(max) for all activation modes. The absence of light activation resulted in the lowest stress followed by delayed light activation, while immediate light activation led to the highest values. RelyX ARC showed higher stress than Enforce, while the stress of Panavia F was similar to that of the others. CONCLUSION: Delayed light activation reduced the polymerization stress of the resin cements tested without jeopardizing DC.

Activation mode effects on the shear bond strength of dual-cured resin cements.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the immediate (10-minute) and delayed (24-hour) bond strength of dual-cured resin cements that are light-activated either immediately or delayed (after five minutes) or chemically-activated only. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three dual-cured resin cements were evaluated: RelyX ARC, Panavia F and Enforce. Cylinders of resin cement were built up over resin composite blocks following the manufacturers' instructions for each luting agent. The cements were mixed, inserted into the molds and light-activated either immediately or after five minutes (delayed light activation). When no light activation was performed, the materials were protected from light exposure until testing. Half of the samples were tested at 10 minutes; the remaining samples were stored at 100% relative humidity for 24 hours when they were then tested (n = 10). Data were submitted to three-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's tests (alpha = 0.05). The failure mode was evaluated under SEM. RESULTS: RelyX ARC presented the highest values of shear bond strength, followed by Enforce. Panavia F showed the lowest values. Both immediate and delayed light activation caused the cements to present the highest means of shear bond strength. There was an improvement in bond strength after 24 hours of storage. CONCLUSIONS: RelyX ARC produced the highest bond strength, which was improved by light activation and storage for 24 hours.

indicación y uso de corticoides inhalados en el manejo de asma en niños en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño / Indication and use of corticoides inhaled in the managing asthma in children in the National Institute of Health of the Child

Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia de la indicación de corticoides inhalados para el manejo de asma crónica en niños atendidos en el INSN. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal, se encuestaron 143 pacientes en la Unidad de Asma y Consultorios de Pediatría del INSN en el mes de noviembre de 2010. Resultados: En este trabajo se encontró que 112 (78.3 por ciento) de los pacientes con diagnóstico de asma bronquial, tienen indicación de uso de corticoides inhalados. El corticoides inhalado más frecuente usado en la Unidad de Asma y Consultorios de Pediatría del INSN es la Budesonida de 200 ug, 61 pacientes (54.5 por ciento)...

Objetive: To determine the frequency of inhaled corticosteroid indicated for the management of chronic asthma in children treated at the INSN. method: cross sectional study, 143 patients were surveyed in the Unit of Asthma and in the Pediatrics Clinics of the INSN in November 2010. Results: This study found that 112 (78. 3 per cent) patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma, it is an indication of use of inhaled corticosteroids. The most frequently used inhaled corticosteroids in the Unit of Asthma and pediatric clinics of INSN is Budesonide of 200ug, in 61 patients (54,5 per cent)...

Variability of shear and microtensile bond strength tests to enamel and dentin / Variabilidade de testes de cisalhamento e microtração ao esmalte e à dentina

Purpose: This study aimed to provide guidelines about the coefficient of variation (CV) of shear (SBS) and microtensile (µTBS) bond strength to enamel and dentin. Methods: A search of the English language peer-reviewed literature was conducted using the PubMed database from 2000 to 2009. Only bond strength studies (SBS and µTBS) that have tested both enamel and dentin substrates were selected. The following information was gathered from the 103 papers selected: groups mean and standard deviation (SD), repetition number, and type of statistical analysis. The CV of each study was calculated by using its mean and SD values, the normality of shear and microtensile CV was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test, and a CV classification was established for each variable. Results: According to the CV classification proposed, values below 10.3% and 11.3% could be considered low for shear bond strength to enamel and dentin, respectively; and values below 15.4% to enamel and 16.4% to dentin could be considered low for the microtensile test. Values higher than 46.8% and 62.1% (shear bond strength to enamel and dentin) and 45.9% and 45.5% (microtensile bond strength to enamel and dentin) showed a very high variability. Conclusion: Such classification can be useful for future experiments on adhesive materials to estimate statistical power and data precision.

Objetivo: Este estudo se propôs a fornecer diretrizes sobre o coeficiente de variação (CV) de ensaios de resistência ao cisalhamento (SBS) e à microtração (µTBS) em esmalte e dentina.Metodologia: Uma busca de artigos publicados de 2000 a 2009 foi realizada na base de dados PubMed. Apenas estudos (SBS e µTBS) que testaram esmalte e dentina foram considerados elegíveis. As seguintes informações foram coletadas dos 103 artigos selecionados: média e desvio-padrão (DP) dos grupos, número de repetições e análise estatística. O CV de cada estudo foi calculado utilizando-se média e DP, a normalidade dos CV de cada teste foi analisada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk e classificações para os CV foram estabelecidas. Resultados: De acordo com a classificação proposta, valores menores que 10,3% e 11,3% são baixos para estudos de cisalhamento ao esmalte e dentina, respectivamente. Para estudos de microtração, baixa variabilidade é obtida com CV menores que 15,4% (esmalte) e 16,4% (dentina). Experimentos com CV maiores que 46,8% e 62,1% (cisalhamento no esmalte e dentina) e 45,9% e 45,5% (microtração no esmalte e na dentina) apresentam variabilidade muito alta. Conclusão: Esta classificação pode ser útil para futuros experimentos em Odontologia adesiva para estimar o poder estatístico dos testes e a precisão dos dados.

The effect of in-office in combination with intracoronal bleaching on enamel and dentin bond strength and dentin morphology.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro effects of the combination of in-office and intracoronal bleaching on enamel and dentin bond strength and on dentin morphology. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Bleaching treatment was performed on 128 bovine teeth for three weeks. Intracoronal bleaching was performed in groups G1 to G3, and in the other groups a combination of in-office and intracoronal bleaching was performed. The following agents and materials were used (n=16): G1- sodium perborate and water (SP); G2- 37% carbamide peroxide (CP); G3- 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); G4- HP + cotton pellet soaked in water (CPW); G5- HP + SP; G6- HP + CP; G7- HP + HP; and G8- CPW (control). Seven days after bleaching treatment the teeth were sectioned into two halves. One half of each tooth was ground to obtain a flat dentin surface. Dentin and enamel fragments were treated with a dentin/enamel resin adhesive. Resin composite was inserted in two increments and polymerized for 20 seconds. Following the restorative procedures, specimens were sectioned into beams with a rectangular cross-sectional area of approximately 1 mm2. Microtensile testing was performed in a universal testing machine. Bond strengths (in MPa) were calculated and the data were submitted to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test (a=0.05). For the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, the exposed pulp chambers (n=5) were fixed, dehydrated, dried in a Critical Point dryer, and gold-sputter coated for analysis at standardized magnifications (500X, 1000X, and 2000X). RESULTS: None of the bleaching techniques reduced the enamel bond strength, the best results observed were with the intracoronal treatments with SP and HP. In dentin all bleaching techniques reduced the bond strength with the exception of the in-office HP application technique. The SEM results demonstrated similar dentin surfaces for the G1, G3, G6, and G7 groups with more open dentin tubules found than in the other groups. CONCLUSION: None of the bleaching techniques tested reduced the bond strength of enamel, but they all reduced the bond strength of dentin with the exception of the group only treated with in-office bleaching using 35% HP. The worst bond strength results to dentin were observed in groups that received intracoronal bleaching with SP.

Influence of fiber-post translucency on the degree of conversion of a dual-cured resin cement.

This study evaluated the degree of conversion of one dual-cured resin cement when used to lute fiber posts with different translucencies. To measure the degree of conversion, polyvinylsiloxane molds were prepared to simulate root canals. The posts, Aestheti-Post or Light-Post, were cemented in these molds and, after photoactivation, were removed to obtain the resin cement spectrum by FT-Raman spectroscopy. Spectra were acquired at three depths: superficial, medium, and deep. For Light-Post, the resin cement at deep depth showed the lowest degree of conversion and no significant difference in degree of conversion was found between the other depths. For Aestheti-Post, the superficial depth presented a higher degree of conversion values than those in the medium and deep depths, which were not significantly different from each other. Light-Post exhibited a higher degree of conversion than that of Aestheti-Post only at medium depth. Light-Post effectiveness regarding the degree of conversion is dependent on the depth.

Effects of sodium hypochlorite gel and sodium hypochlorite solution on dentin bond strength.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 10% NaOCl gel and 10% NaOCl solution on dentin bond strengths of four adhesive systems. One hundred eighty bovine incisors were ground to achieve a flat polished surface, then divided into 12 groups: Gluma One Bond [G1-control; G2-NaOCl solution; G3-NaOCl gel]; Prime & Bond 2.1 [G4-control; G5-NaOCl solution; G6-NaOCl gel]; Single Bond [G7-control; G8-NaOCl solution; G9-NaOCl gel]; Prime & Bond NT [G10-control; G11-NaOCl solution; G12-NaOCl gel]. Dentin was etched, rinsed, and blot dried. For the experimental groups, after acid etching, 10% NaOCl solution or 10% NaOCl gel was applied for 60 s, rinsed, and blot dried. Composite resin was inserted and light cured. Shear bond strengths were tested with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The mean values MPa (SD) were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (alpha < 0.01). Ten percent NaOCl solution significantly increased Gluma One Bond strength. No effect was observed for the other adhesives. The 10% NaOCl gel did not affect bond strengths. Ten percent NaOCl gel was less effective on collagen removal as compared to 10% NaOCl solution. The influence of collagen removal on bond strength is dependent on adhesive system, where both the solvent and the monomer can influence the results.

Microleakage study of three adhesive systems

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de 3 sistemas adesivos hidrófilos na redução da microinfiltração de restaurações classe II. Foram selecionados 60 dentes molares humanos. Foi realizado em cada dente dois preparos classe II do tipo "slot vertical" nas superfícies mesial e distal, com margem cervical em dentina. As 120 cavidades foram sorteadas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos (n = 40), de acordo com o sistema adesivo testado G1: OptiBondo SOLO® (Kerr); G2: Amalgambond Plus® (Parkell); G3: Etch & Prime 3.0® (Degussa). As cavidades foram restauradas com resina composta Z 100 (3M/ESPE). As amostras foram termocicladas 2000 vezes (5 ± 1ºC e 55 ± 1ºC), durante 1 min em cada banho. Após a termociclagem, os dentes foram imersos em uma solução de azul de metileno a 2%, pH 7,0, durante 4 h, seccionados e observados em microscópio ótico MEIJI 2000 (35X). A avaliação foi realizada utilizando-se escores (0-4) e os resultados expressos através da soma das ordens. G1: 1994.00; G2: 2294.00; G3: 2972.00. Os 3 grupos foram significativamente diferentes. Os resultados indicaram que o sistema adesivo auto-condiconante Etch & Prime 3.0 foi menos efetivo no controle da microinfiltração marginal. Já o sistema adesivo OptiBond SOLO foi o mais efetivo no controle da microinfiltração quando comparado com o Amalgambond Plus e o Etch & Prime 3.0.

Microleakage study of three adhesive systems.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of three hydrophilic dentin adhesive systems to reduce class II restoration microleakage. A total of 60 human molar teeth were used in which two box cavities were made on the distal and mesial surfaces, with a cervical margin in dentin. These cavities were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 40 each), according to adhesive system tested: G1: OptiBond SOLO; G2: Amalgambond Plus; G3: Etch & Prime 3.0. The cavities were restored with the composite resin Z-100. The groups were thermocycled 2000 times (5 +/- 1 degrees C and 55 +/- 1 degrees C) with a dwell time of 1 min. The teeth were then immersed in 2% methylene blue, pH 7.0, for 4 h, sectioned and observed with a stereomicroscope MEIJI 2000 (35X). The evaluation was made using scores (0-4) and the results were expressed through the sum of the ranks. G1 = 1994.00; G2 = 2294.00; G3 = 2972.00. The three groups were significantly different. The self-etching adhesive system Etch & Prime 3.0 was less effective in preventing microleakage. The OptiBond SOLO adhesive was the most effective in reducing microleakage in dentin margins when compared with Amalgambond Plus and Etch & Prime 3.0.