ABSTRACT
Acute diarrheal disease (ADD) is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries and is one of the causes of mortality in children under five. ADD etiologic agents include viruses, bacteria and parasites in that order. Escherichia coli bacteria it is classified as a major diarrheagenic agent and transmitted by consuming contaminated water or undercooked foods. This review compiled updates on information virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms involved in adhesion and colonization of seven pathotypes of E. coli called enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and diffusely-adherent E. coli (DAEC). A final pathotype, adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) associated with Crohn's disease was also reviewed. The diarrheagenic pathotypes of E. coli affect different population groups and knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction with the human is important to guide research towards the development of vaccines and new tools for diagnosis and control.
Subject(s)
Diarrhea/microbiology , Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Diarrhea/virology , Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli/classification , Feces/microbiology , Humans , Virulence FactorsABSTRACT
Acute diarrheal disease (ADD) is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries and is one of the causes of mortality in children under five. ADD etiologic agents include viruses, bacteria and parasites in that order. Escherichia coli bacteria it is classified as a major diarrheagenic agent and transmitted by consuming contaminated water or undercooked foods. This review compiled updates on information virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms involved in adhesion and colonization of seven pathotypes of E. coli called enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and diffusely-adherent E. coli (DAEC). A final pathotype, adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) associated with Crohn's disease was also reviewed. The diarrheagenic pathotypes of E. coli affect different population groups and knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction with the human is important to guide research towards the development of vaccines and new tools for diagnosis and control.
La enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA) es un problema de salud pública mundial, especialmente en los países en vía de desarrollo y es una de las causas de mortalidad en niños bajo cinco años de edad. Los agentes etiológicos de EDA incluyen virus, bacterias y parásitos, en ese orden. Dentro de las bacterias, Escherichia coli está clasificada como uno de los principales agentes diarreagénicos y se trasmite por el consumo de agua y alimentos contaminados o mal cocidos. Esta revisión recopiló información actualizada sobre los factores de virulencia y los mecanismos de patogenicidad implicados en la adhesión y colonización de siete patotipos de E. coli denominados, E. coli enteropatógena (ECEP), E. coli enterotoxigénica (ECET), E. coli enteroinvasora (ECEI), E. coli shigatoxigénica (ECST), E. coli enteroagregativa (ECEA) y E. coli de adherencia difusa (ECAD). Un último patotipo, E. coli adherente invasor (ECAI) asociado a la enfermedad de Crohn también fue revisado. Los patotipos diarreagénicos de E. coli afectan a diferentes grupos poblacionales y el conocimiento de los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la interacción con el humano es importante para orientar las investigaciones hacia el desarrollo de vacunas o nuevas herramientas para su diagnóstico y control.