ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, poses a significant global health threat. The spike glycoprotein S1 of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is known to induce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, contributing to hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients. Triphala, an ancient Ayurvedic remedy composed of dried fruits from three plant species-Emblica officinalis (Family Euphorbiaceae), Terminalia bellerica (Family Combretaceae), and Terminalia chebula (Family Combretaceae)-shows promise in addressing inflammation. However, the limited water solubility of its ethanolic extract impedes its bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to develop nanoparticles loaded with Triphala extract, termed "nanotriphala", as a drug delivery system. Additionally, we investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of nanotriphala and its major compounds, namely gallic acid, chebulagic acid, and chebulinic acid, in lung epithelial cells (A549) induced by CoV2-SP. The nanotriphala formulation was prepared using the solvent displacement method. The encapsulation efficiency of Triphala in nanotriphala was determined to be 87.96 ± 2.60% based on total phenolic content. In terms of in vitro release, nanotriphala exhibited a biphasic release profile with zero-order kinetics over 0-8 h. A549 cells were treated with nanotriphala or its active compounds and then induced with 100 ng/mL of spike S1 subunit (CoV2-SP). The results demonstrate that chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid are the active compounds in nanotriphala, which significantly reduced cytokine release (IL-6, IL-1ß, and IL-18) and suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-18, and NLRP3) (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, nanotriphala and its active compounds notably attenuated the expression of inflammasome machinery proteins (NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the nanoparticle formulation of Triphala enhances its stability and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties against CoV2-SP-induction. This was achieved by suppressing inflammatory mediators and the NLRP3 inflammasome machinery. Thus, nanotriphala holds promise as a supportive preventive anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19-related chronic inflammation.
ABSTRACT
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is renowned for its aggressive and highly metastatic nature. In recent years, there has been a surge in interest regarding the therapeutic potential of traditional medicinal plants. Dracaena loureirin (D. loureirin), Ficus racemosa Linn. (F. racemosa), and Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr. (H. perforata) are prominent traditional medicinal herbs in Thailand, recognized for their diverse biological activities, including antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, their prospective anti-cancer properties against NSCLC remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer attributes of ethanolic extracts obtained from D. loureiri (DLEE), F. racemosa (FREE), and H. perforata (HPEE) against the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay results revealed that only DLEE exhibited cytotoxic effects on A549 cells, whereas FREE and HPEE showed no such cytotoxicity. To elucidate the anti-cancer mechanisms of DLEE, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were performed. The findings demonstrated that DLEE inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in A549 cells through the downregulation of key cell cycle regulator proteins, including cyclin D1, CDK-2, and CDK-4. Furthermore, DLEE treatment facilitated apoptosis in A549 cells by suppressing anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and survivin) and enhancing apoptotic proteins (cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP-1). In summary, our study provides novel insights into the significant anti-cancer properties of DLEE against A549 cells. This work represents the first report suggesting that DLEE has the capability to impede the growth of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells through the induction of apoptosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is recognized for its aggressive nature and propensity for high rates of metastasis. The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway plays a vital role in the progression of NSCLC. This study aimed to investigate the effects of S. exigua extract and its active compounds on NLRP3 regulation in NSCLC using an in vitro model. Methods: S. exigua was extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol to obtain S. exigua hexane fraction (SE-Hex), S. exigua ethyl acetate fraction (SE-EA), and S. exigua ethanol fraction (SE-EtOH) respectively. The active compounds were identified using column chromatography and NMR analysis. A549 cells were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for activated NLRP3 inflammasome. The anti-inflammatory properties were determined using ELISA assay. The anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis properties against LPS-ATP-induced A549 cells were determined by colony formation, cell cycle, wound healing, and trans-well migration and invasion assays. The inflammatory gene expressions and molecular mechanism were determined using RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: SE-EA exhibited the greatest anti-inflammation properties compared with other two fractions as evidenced by the significant inhibition of IL-1ß, IL-18, and IL-6, cytokine productions from LPS-ATP-induced A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The analysis of active compounds revealed exiguaflavanone A (EGF-A) and exiguaflavanone B (EGF-B) as the major compounds present in SE-EA. Then, SE-EA and its major compound were investigated for the anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis properties. It was found that SE-EA, EGF-A, and EGF-B could inhibit the proliferation of LPS-ATP-induced A549 cells through cell cycle arrest induction at the G0/G1 phase and reducing the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins. Furthermore, SE-EA and its major compounds dose-dependently suppressed migration and invasion of LPS-ATP-induced A549 cells. At the molecular level, SE-EA, EGF-A, and EGF-B significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of IL-1ß, IL-18, IL-6, and NLRP3 in LPS-ATP-induced A549 cells. Regarding the mechanistic study, SE-EA, EGF-A, and EGF-B inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation through suppressing NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1(p50 form), and cleaved-caspase-1(p20 form) expressions. Conclusion: Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway holds promise as a therapeutic approach to counteract pro-tumorigenic inflammation and develop novel treatments for NSCLC.
ABSTRACT
The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway during infectious pathogen-induced immunopathology can lead to chronic inflammation and various adverse health outcomes. Identification of functional foods with anti-inflammatory properties is crucial for preventing inflammation triggered by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction obtained from red rice germ and bran against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced condition in A549 lung cells. The proanthocyanidin-rich fraction from Yamuechaebia 3 red rice extract (YM3-PRF) was obtained using column chromatography with Sephadex LH20, and its total proanthocyanidin content was determined to be 351.43 ± 1.18 mg/g extract using the vanillin assay. A549 lung cells were pretreated with YM3-PRF at concentrations of 5-20 µg/mL prior to exposure to LPS (1 µg/mL) and ATP (5 nM). The results showed that YM3-PRF significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory mRNAs (NLRP3, IL-6, IL-1ß, and IL-18) and the secretion of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1ß, and IL-18) in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, YM3-PRF exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB translocation and downregulating proteins associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved-caspase-1). These findings suggest that the proanthocyanidin-rich fraction from red rice germ and bran has protective effects and may serve as a potential therapeutic option for chronic inflammatory diseases associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Subject(s)
Oryza , Pneumonia , Proanthocyanidins , NF-kappa B , Inflammasomes , Interleukin-18 , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein , Interleukin-6 , Lipopolysaccharides , Proanthocyanidins/pharmacology , Inflammation , Functional Food , Adenosine Triphosphate , Lung , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Chronic inflammation and tissue damage can result from uncontrolled inflammation during SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 infections, leading to post-acute COVID conditions or long COVID. Curcumin, found in turmeric, has potent anti-inflammatory properties but limited effectiveness. This study developed nanocurcumin, a curcumin nanoparticle, to enhance its physical and chemical stability and investigate its in vitro anti-inflammatory properties upon CoV2-SP induction in lung epithelial cells. Nanocurcumin was prepared by encapsulating curcumin extract in phospholipids. The particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of nanocurcumin were measured using dynamic light scattering. The encapsulated curcumin content was determined using HPLC analysis. The encapsulation efficiency of curcumin was 90.74 ± 5.35% as determined by HPLC. Regarding the in vitro release of curcumin, nanocurcumin displayed a higher release content than non-nanoparticle curcumin. Nanocurcumin was further investigated for its anti-inflammatory properties using A549 lung epithelial cell line. As determined by ELISA, nanocurcumin showed inhibitory effects on inflammatory cytokine releases in CoV2-SP-stimulated conditions, as evidenced by a significant decrease in IL-6, IL-1ß and IL-18 cytokine secretions compared with the spike-stimulated control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, as determined by RT-PCR, nanocurcumin significantly inhibited the CoV2-SP-stimulated expression of inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-18, and NLRP3) compared with the spike-stimulated control group (p < 0.05). Regarding the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome machinery proteins by Western blot, nanocurcumin decreased the expressions of inflammasome machinery proteins including NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and the active form of caspase-1 in CoV2-SP-stimulated A549 cells compared with the spike-stimulated control group (p < 0.05). Overall, the nanoparticle formulation of curcumin improved its solubility and bioavailability, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects in a CoV2-SP-induced scenario by inhibiting inflammatory mediators and the NLRP3 inflammasome machinery. Nanocurcumin shows promise as an anti-inflammatory product for preventing COVID-19-related airway inflammation.
ABSTRACT
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced form of prostate cancer associated with poor survival rates. The high proliferation and metastasis rates have made CRPC one of the most challenging types of cancer for medical practitioners and researchers. In this study, the anti-cancer properties and inhibition of CRPC progression by S. neglecta extract and its active constituents were determined using two CRPC cell lines, DU145 and PC3. The ethyl acetate fraction of S. neglecta (SnEA) was obtained using a solvent-partitioned extraction technique. The active constituents of SnEA were then determined using the HPLC technique, which showed that SnEA mainly contained syringic acid, pyrogallol, and p-coumaric acid phenolic compounds. After the determination of cytotoxic properties using the SRB assay, it was found that pyrogallol, but not the other two major compounds of SnEA, displayed promising anti-cancer properties in both CRPC cell lines. SnEA and pyrogallol were then further investigated for their anti-proliferation and apoptotic induction properties using propidium iodide and Annexin V staining. The results showed that SnEA and pyrogallol inhibited both DU145 and PC3 cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and significantly decreased the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK-2, and CDK-4, p < 0.001). SnEA and pyrogallol treatments also promoted apoptosis in both types of CRPC cells through significantly downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins (survivin, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl, p < 0.001) and upregulating apoptotic proteins (cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP-1, p < 0.001). Mechanistic study demonstrated that SnEA and pyrogallol inactivated the Akt signaling pathway leading to enhancement of the active form of GSK-3ß in CRPC cell lines. Therefore, the phosphorylation of ß-catenin was increased, which caused degradation of the protein, resulting in a downregulation of ß-catenin (unphosphorylated form) transcriptional factor activity. The current results reflect the potential impact of S. neglecta extract and pyrogallol on the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Subject(s)
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant , Spirogyra , Male , Humans , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology , Pyrogallol/pharmacology , Spirogyra/metabolism , Neglecta , beta Catenin/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Signal Transduction , ApoptosisABSTRACT
Black rice has numerous health benefits and one of the well-known functional foods throughout the world. To encourage the increasing trend of the consumer interest in health-promoting functional foods, special varieties of rice have been developed offering greater nutrient values and exhibiting biological activities that are beneficial to the consumer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the associations of the phytochemical contents, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory properties among eight selected black rice germ and bran extracts (BR extracts) from 4 non-glutinous and 4 glutinous rice varieties. Accordingly, glutinous BR extracts possessed higher degree of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), Peonidin-3-O-glucoside (P3G) contents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties than the non-glutinous BR extracts. Pearson's correlation indicated that the amount of C3G in the BR extracts had a strong positive association with the antioxidant properties (DPPH; r = 0.846, ABTS; r = 0.923, and FRAP; r = 0.958, p < 0.01). While P3G exhibited a strong positive association with the anti-inflammatory properties (r value = 0.717 and 0.797 for IL-6 and TNF-α inhibition, respectively, p < 0.05). Lastly, the principal component analysis (PCA) categorized the black rice varieties into three groups: Group A with high C3G content and superior antioxidant properties, Groups B with a high amount of P3G and potent anti-inflammatory properties, and Group C with a lower amount of phytochemical contents and less potent bioactivities. Overall, the outcomes of this study could provide vital information to food industries in selecting the variety of black rice for the functional food based on the anthocyanin contents that could benefit to consumers for new normal healthy lifestyle.
ABSTRACT
Inhibition of inflammatory responses from the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (Spike) by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome has recently been developed as an alternative form of supportive therapy besides the traditional anti-viral approaches. Clerodendrum petasites S. Moore (C. petasites) is a Thai traditional medicinal plant possessing antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, C. petasites ethanolic root extract (CpEE) underwent solvent-partitioned extraction to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction of C. petasites (CpEA). Subsequently, C. petasites extracts were determined for the flavonoid contents and anti-inflammatory properties against spike induction in the A549 lung cells. According to the HPLC results, CpEA significantly contained higher amounts of hesperidin and hesperetin flavonoids than CpEE (p < 0.05). A549 cells were then pre-treated with either C. petasites extracts or its active flavonoids and were primed with 100 ng/mL of spike S1 subunit (Spike S1) and determined for the anti-inflammatory properties. The results indicate that CpEA (compared with CpEE) and hesperetin (compared with hesperidin) exhibited greater anti-inflammatory properties upon Spike S1 induction through a significant reduction in IL-6, IL-1ß, and IL-18 cytokine releases in A549 cells culture supernatant (p < 0.05). Additionally, CpEA and hesperetin significantly inhibited the Spike S1-induced inflammatory gene expressions (NLRP3, IL-1ß, and IL-18, p < 0.05). Mechanistically, CpEA and hesperetin attenuated inflammasome machinery protein expressions (NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1), as well as inactivated the Akt/MAPK/AP-1 pathway. Overall, our findings could provide scientific-based evidence to support the use of C. petasites and hesperetin in the development of supportive therapies for the prevention of COVID-19-related chronic inflammation.
Subject(s)
Antipyretics , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Clerodendrum , Hesperidin , Petasites , A549 Cells , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Caspase 1/metabolism , Clerodendrum/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolism , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Hesperidin/pharmacology , Humans , Inflammasomes/metabolism , Interleukin-18 , Interleukin-6 , Lung/metabolism , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , SARS-CoV-2 , Solvents , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus , Transcription Factor AP-1ABSTRACT
Black rice is a functional food that is high in anthocyanin content, primarily C3G and P3G. It possesses nutraceutical properties that exhibit a range of beneficial effects on human health. Currently, the spike glycoprotein S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 (SP) has been reported for its contribution to pathological inflammatory responses in targeting lung tissue and innate immune cells during COVID-19 infection and in the long-COVID phenomenon. Our objectives focused on the health benefits of the C3G and P3G-rich fraction of black rice germ and bran (BR extract) on the inhibition of inflammatory responses induced by SP, as well as the inhibition of NF-kB activation and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in an in vitro model. In this study, BR extract was identified for its active anthocyanins, C3G and P3G, using the HPLC technique. A549-lung cells and differentiated THP-1 macrophages were treated with BR extract, C3G, or P3G prior to exposure to 100 ng/mL of SP. Their anti-inflammatory properties were then determined. BR extract at concentrations of 12.5−100 µg/mL exhibited anti-inflammation activity for both A549 and THP-1 cells through the significant suppression of NLRP3, IL-1ß, and IL-18 inflammatory gene expressions and IL-6, IL-1ß, and IL-18 cytokine secretions in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). It was determined that both cell lines, C3G and P3G (at 1.25−10 µg/mL), were compatibly responsible for the significant inhibition of SP-induced inflammatory responses for both gene and protein levels (p < 0.05). With regard to the anti-inflammation mechanism, BR extract, C3G, and P3G could attenuate SP-induced inflammation via counteraction with NF-kB activation and downregulation of the inflammasome-dependent inflammatory pathway proteins (NLRP3, ASC, and capase-1). Overall, the protective effects of anthocyanins obtained from black rice germ and bran can be employed in potentially preventive strategies that use pigmented rice against the long-term sequelae of COVID-19 infection.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Oryza , Anthocyanins/pharmacology , COVID-19/complications , Glucosides/pharmacology , Humans , Inflammasomes , Interleukin-18 , Lung/metabolism , Macrophages/metabolism , NF-kappa B/metabolism , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics , Oryza/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2 , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus , Post-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeABSTRACT
Objective: The multi-systemic inflammation as a result of COVID-19 can persevere long after the initial symptoms of the illness have subsided. These effects are referred to as Long-COVID. Our research focused on the contribution of the Spike protein S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 (Spike S1) on the lung inflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome machinery and the cytokine releases, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1beta, and IL-18, in lung epithelial cells. This study has attempted to identify the naturally- occurring agents that act against inflammation-related long-COVID. The seed meal of Perilla frutescens (P. frutescens), which contains two major dietary polyphenols (rosmarinic acid and luteolin), has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammation activities. Therefore, we have established the ethyl acetate fraction of P. frutescens seed meal (PFEA) and determined its anti-inflammatory effects on Spike S1 exposure in A549 lung cells. Methods: PFEA was established using solvent-partitioned extraction. Rosmarinic acid (Ra) and luteolin (Lu) in PFEA were identified using the HPLC technique. The inhibitory effects of PFEA and its active compounds against Spike S1-induced inflammatory response in A549 cells were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA. The mechanistic study of anti-inflammatory properties of PFEA and Lu were determined using western blot technique. Results: PFEA was found to contain Ra (388.70 ± 11.12 mg/g extract) and Lu (248.82 ± 12.34 mg/g extract) as its major polyphenols. Accordingly, A549 lung cells were pre-treated with PFEA (12.5-100 µg/mL) and its two major compounds (2.5-20 µg/mL) prior to the Spike S1 exposure at 100 ng/mL. PFEA dose-dependently exhibited anti-inflammatory properties upon Spike S1-exposed A549 cells through IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-18, and NLRP3 gene suppressions, as well as IL-6, IL-1ß, and IL-18 cytokine releases with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Importantly, Lu possesses superior anti-inflammatory properties when compared with Ra (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, PFEA and Lu effectively attenuated a Spike S1-induced inflammatory response through downregulation of the JAK1/STAT3-inflammasome-dependent inflammatory pathway as evidenced by the downregulation of NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved-caspase-1 of the NLRP3 inflammasome components and by modulating the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3 proteins (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggested that luteolin and PFEA can modulate the signaling cascades that regulate Spike S1-induced lung inflammation during the incidence of Long-COVID. Consequently, luteolin and P. frutescens may be introduced as potential candidates in the preventive therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation causes skin damage via deleterious effects including oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation. The photoprotective effects of a hyperoside-enriched fraction obtained from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (H. cordata) on the attenuation of UVB-induced skin aging in human fibroblasts were investigated. The solvent-partition technique was used to establish the hyperoside-enriched fraction of H. cordata (HcEA). The active compounds identified in the H. cordata extracts were hyperoside, quercitrin, chlorogenic acid, and rutin. With regard to the photoprotective effects of H. cordata on UVB-irradiated dermal fibroblasts, HcEA and hyperoside inhibited intracellular ROS production and inflammatory cytokine secretions (IL-6 and IL-8), while increasing collagen type I synthesis along with downregulating MMP-1 gene and protein expressions. Mechanistically, the hyperoside-enriched fraction obtained from H. cordata inhibited UVB-irradiated skin aging through regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway by attenuating the activation of JNK/ERK/c-Jun in human dermal fibroblasts. The hyperoside-enriched fraction of H. cordata exerted potent anti-skin aging properties against UVB exposure. The findings of this study can be applied in the cosmetics industry, as H. cordata extract can potentially be used in pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulations as a photoprotective or anti-skin aging agent.
ABSTRACT
Recently, the global trend toward the use of natural extracts and antioxidant agents in the cosmetic cream industry to produce whitening effects has been increasing. This has also been a persistent trend in Thailand. In this study, samples of commercial cosmetic creams on the Thai market were assessed for a functional evaluation of their antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibitory effects, and phenolic contents. Samples were extracted using hot water and sonication extraction method to obtain the functional cream extracts. Total phenolic contents in all samples were within the range of 0.46-47.92 mg GAE/30 g cream. Antioxidant activities of the cream extracts were within the range of 3.61-43.98 mg Trolox equivalent/30 g cream, while tyrosinase inhibition activities were within the range of 2.58-97.94% of inhibition. With regard to the relationship between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the cosmetic creams, Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a moderately positive relationship with an r value of 0.6108. Furthermore, the relationship between the antioxidant activity and the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the cosmetic creams was highly positive with an r value of 0.7238. Overall, this study demonstrated that the total phenolic contents in the functional cosmetic creams could play a role in antioxidant activity and anti-tyrosinase activities. The findings indicate how the whitening and antioxidant effects of cosmetic creams could be maintained after the products have been formulated, as this concern can affect the consumer's decision when purchasing cosmetic products.
ABSTRACT
Auricularia auricula-judae, a nutrient-rich mushroom used in traditional medicine, is a macrofungi that exhibits various biological properties. In this study, we have reported on the mechanisms that promote the wound-healing effects of a water-soluble polysaccharide-rich extract obtained from A. auricula-judae (AAP). AAP contained high amounts of polysaccharides (349.83 ± 5.00 mg/g extract) with a molecular weight of 158 kDa. The main sugar composition of AAP includes mannose, galactose, and glucose. AAP displayed antioxidant activity in vitro and was able to abort UVB-induced intracellular ROS production in human fibroblasts in cellulo. AAP significantly promoted both fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation, migration, and invasion, along with augmentation of the wound-healing process by increasing collagen synthesis and decreasing E-cadherin expression (All p < 0.05). Specifically, the AAP significantly accelerated the wound closure in a mice skin wound-healing model on day 9 (2.5%AAP, p = 0.031 vs. control) and day 12 (1% and 2.5%AAP with p = 0.009 and p < 0.001 vs. control, respectively). Overall, our results indicate that the wound-healing activities of AAP can be applied in an AAP-based product for wound management.