Osteolytic Lesions (Brown Tumors) of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Report of Two Cases.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by excessive production of parathyroid hormone. As the condition progresses, bone loss primarily occurs due to resorption. A complication of this condition is the formation of fibrotic and cystic changes in the bone, known as brown tumors. These lesions occur in areas of significant bone resorption, where fibrovascular tissue and giant cells replace bone tissue, often accompanied by hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposits. These brown lesions are rare, with an occurrence rate ranging from 1.5% to 4.5%. We present two cases of middle-aged women who had presentations consistent with hyperparathyroidism and presented with complications such as bone pain and numbness. Both underwent parathyroidectomy to manage the cause and recovered after the surgery. These cases emphasize the importance of recognizing primary hyperparathyroidism as a potential cause of abnormal lesions and highlight the diverse presentations associated with this condition.

Implementation of an "opt-out" tobacco treatment program in six hospitals in South Carolina.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the screening, referral, and treatment delivery associated with an opt-out tobacco treatment program (TTP) implemented in six hospitals varying in size, rurality and patient populations. METHODS: Between March 6, 2021 and December 17, 2021, adult patients (≥ 18 years) admitted to six hospitals affiliated with the Medical University of South Carolina were screened for smoking status. The hospitals ranged in size from 82 to 715 beds. Those currently smoking were automatically referred to one of two tobacco treatment options: 1) Enhanced care (EC) where patients could receive a bedside consult by a trained tobacco treatment specialist plus an automated post-discharge follow-up call designed to connect those smoking to the South Carolina Quitline (SCQL); or 2) Basic care (BC) consisting of the post-discharge follow-up call only. An attempt was made to survey patients at 6-weeks after hospitalization to assess smoking status. RESULTS: Smoking prevalence ranged from 14 to 49% across the six hospitals; 6,000 patients were referred to the TTP.The delivery of the bedside consult varied across the hospitals with the lowest in the Charleston hospitals which had the highest caseload of referred patients per specialist. Among patients who received a consult visit during their hospitalization, 50% accepted the consult, 8% opted out, 3% claimed not to be current smokers, and 38% were unavailable at the time of the consult visit. Most of those enrolled in the TTP were long-term daily smokers.Forty-three percent of patients eligible for the automated post-discharge follow-up call answered the call, of those, 61% reported smoking in the past seven days, and of those, 34% accepted the referral to theSCQL. Among the 986 of patients surveyed at 6-weeks after hospitalization quit rates ranged from 20%-30% based on duration of reported cessation and were similar between hospitals and for patients assigned to EC versus BC intervention groups. CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrate the broad reach of an opt-out TTP. Elements of treatment delivery can be improved by addressing patient-to-staffing ratios, improving systems to prescribe stop smoking medications for patients at discharge and linking patients to stop smoking services after hospital discharge.

Implementation, enrollment, and engagement in an opt-out telehealth pharmacist-assisted tobacco treatment program for patients seen in oncology outpatient clinics.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the workflow, reach, cost, and self-reported quit rates for an opt-out tobacco treatment program (TTP) for patients seen in 43 oncology outpatient clinics. METHODS: Between May 25, 2021, and December 31, 2022, adult patients (≥18 years) visiting clinics affiliated with the Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center were screened for smoking status. Those currently smoking were referred to a telehealth pharmacy-assisted TTP. An attempt was made to contact referred patients by phone. Patients reached were offered free smoking cessation counseling and a 2-week starter kit of nicotine replacement medication. A random sample of 420 patients enrolled in the TTP were selected to participate in a telephone survey to assess smoking status 4 to 12 months after enrollment. RESULTS: During the reference period 35,756 patients were screened and 9.3% were identified as currently smoking. Among the 3319 patients referred to the TTP at least once, 2393 (72.1%) were reached by phone, of whom 426 (12.8%) were ineligible for treatment, 458 (13.8%) opted out of treatment, and 1509 (45.5%) received treatment. More than 90% of TTP enrollees smoked daily, with an average of 13.1 cigarettes per day. Follow-up surveys were completed on 167 of 420 patients, of whom 23.4% to 33.5% reported not smoking; if all nonresponders to the survey are counted as smoking, the range of quit rates is 9.3% to 13.3%. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate the feasibility of reaching and delivering smoking cessation treatments to patients from a diverse set of geographically dispersed oncology clinics.

Validity of the International Diabetes Federation risk stratification score of Ramadan fasting in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the validity of the new International Diabetes Federation-Diabetes and Ramadan International Alliance (IDF-DAR) risk stratification tool for Ramadan fasting in predicting diabetic patients' ability to fast safely. METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out during Ramadan 2022 at the Diabetes Center, King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. The IDF-DAR risk stratification tool was used to calculate fasting risk for diabetic patients pre-Ramadan. The patients were allocated into 3 categories: high, moderate, and low risk. Fasting was left up to the patients and their healthcare providers. Participants filled out a log-sheet each day of Ramadan showing whether they completed the fast. A final interview was carried out after Ramadan to assess patients' fasting experiences. RESULTS: We included 466 patients with diabetes: 79.4% with T2DM and 20.6% with T1DM. Based on the IDF-DAR score, 265 (56.9%) patients were classified as high risk, 115 (24.7%) as moderate risk, and 86 (18.4%) as low risk. Non-fasting the whole month of Ramadan was statistically relevant to the IDF-DAR risk stratification score. High-risk individuals were more likely to experience hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia than those with a moderate or low risk. But overall, 70.4% of people at moderate risk and 53.2% of the ones at high risk observed Ramadan's complete fast. CONCLUSION: The IDF-DAR has proven to be reliable and valid for predicting the risk of adverse events associated with fasting in diabetic patients. Nonetheless, it might overestimate the risk of fasting for some patients.

Who Is Invited to the Metaverse? Analyzing Media Coverage of an Emerging Virtual World.

As a new technology awaiting widespread immersive usage, public awareness and understanding of the metaverse is likely significantly shaped by its coverage in the media. This study explored how the metaverse is framed in U.S. news media coverage, including who the media targets as metaverse users, and reflects on how this could shape public attitudes and engagement with the metaverse. Specifically, this study asked: which people and institutions are included and excluded from media coverage of the metaverse? To answer this question, a systematic content analysis of 526 U.S. news articles was conducted, drawing from three media databases. Findings reveal that the media frames the metaverse as a corporate space for those with buying power: investors, technology experts, and consumers. Users without buying power and users from marginalized groups were rarely considered in media coverage. Despite this, most coverage of the metaverse was descriptive, with only 11 percent of articles critiquing this space. These findings raise broad questions about commodification, exclusion, and inequality in the metaverse.

The Impact of Vitamin D on Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has multiple biological effects on the body. Recent findings have also linked vitamin D deficiency to a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of this review article is to provide insight into the metabolism of vitamin D and its effect on the body, especially on the brain, and to recognize the role of vitamin D in some neuropsychiatric disorders. Vitamin D is well-known as a neuroactive steroid that modulates brain functions and development. There is strong evidence to show that optimal vitamin D levels are important to protect against neuropsychiatric disorders. Vitamin D has also been proposed to alter neurotransmitter pathways in the central nervous system. Abnormalities in these neurotransmitters have been implicated in various neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and depression. Vitamin D also has some reported neurosteroid-like actions, including regulation of calcium homeostasis, clearance of amyloid-peptide, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as possible protection against the neurodegenerative mechanisms associated with Alzheimer's disease and autism. Vitamin D is an important modulator of brain development and has many functions in the brain. Several studies found that vitamin D has a protective role in neuropsychiatric disorders, and its supplementation decreases the development of these disorders and lowers their symptoms. Therefore, evidence shows that early intervention to maintain vitamin D concentrations at sufficiently high levels is crucial to slow, prevent, or improve neurocognitive decline.

Implementation of an "Opt-Out" Tobacco Treatment Program in Six Hospitals in South Carolina.

Objective: To describe the implementation an opt-out tobacco treatment program (TTP) in 6 diverse hospitals located in different regions of South Carolina. Methods: Between March 8, 2021 and December 17, 2021, adult patients (≥ 18 years) admitted to 6 hospitals affiliated with the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) were screened for their cigarette status. Patients who smoked cigarettes were referred to an TTP offering a brief bedside consult and automated post-discharge follow-up calls with an opportunity to receive a referral to the South Carolina Quitline (SCQL). The hospitals included in this study ranged in size from 82 to 715 beds with diverse patient populations. Herein, we report on the results of screening and referring patients to the TTP, delivery of smoking cessation treatments, and patient smoking status assessed in a sample of patients followed 6-weeks after discharge from the hospital. Results: Smoking prevalence ranged from 14-49% across the 6 hospitals. Among eligible patients reached, 85.6% accepted the bedside consult. Only 3.4% of patients reached were deemed ineligible because they claimed not to be currently smoking cigarettes. The automated post-discharge follow-up calls were answered by 43% of patients, with about a third of those who had relapsed back to smoking accepting the offer of a referral to the SCQL. Overall, about half of the 6,000 patients referred to the TTP received some type of treatment. Self-reported smoking abstinence rates assessed 6-weeks after discharge were similar across the five acute care hospitals ranging from about 20-30%. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the broad reach of implementing an opt-out TTP for patients in hospitals of varying size, rurality and patient populations.

A Systematic Review of Tactile Functioning in Blind Children From a Clinical Perspective.

In the literature, there is a lot of variation in how well visually impaired youngsters can distinguish between tactile images. This systematic review investigated tactile functioning approaches' clinical perspective on blind children. PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to include the relevant literature. Rayyan QCRI was used throughout this systematic approach. The study included nine studies with a total of 394 children, 246 (62.4%) were males, and 148 (37.6%) were females. Textured graphical objects, images, drawings, and illustrations were used as stimuli to test tactile functioning in blind children. The findings of this comprehensive review showed that tactile stimuli for blind children were most effective in the form of textured images, words, and objects. It has been shown that the complexity, familiarity, and category information all influence how easy or challenging picture recognition is. Blind people can effectively use pictorial displays, but when foreshortening is used in complex representations of three-dimensional objects, they may benefit from instruction.

A culture of care: How Lotus House Women's Shelter heals program participants through genuineness, space, high expectations, dignity, individualized attention, and community.

The present study was designed to examine perceptions of Lotus House Women's Shelter from the perspective of former program participants, for the purpose of informing shelter programming and policies. Our qualitative research followed a community-based participatory research framework. Fifty diverse women graduates of Lotus House Women's Shelter participated in eight focus groups to discuss their experiences with Lotus House and other shelters. Findings from this study highlight the elements that create a "culture of care" within an organization. Participants described Lotus House shelter culture as genuine, defined by dignity and respect, having high expectations for guest independence and accountability, giving space to rest and recuperate, recognizing and accommodating individual needs and experiences, and fostering a sense of community. Creating an organizational "culture of care" is an avenue by which any shelter or related organization can enhance the experience of program participants.

Case Report: Reactive Lymphohistiocytic Proliferation in Infant With a Novel Nonsense Variant of IL2RG Who Received BCG Vaccine.

We present here a male young infant with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (MIM#300400) due to the novel nonsense variant of IL2RG (interleukin 2 receptor, gamma; MIM#308380), NM_000206.2(IL2RG):c.820_823dup p.Ser275Asnfs*29. He developed aggressive reactive lymphohistiocytic proliferation after receiving the live-attenuated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine at birth. This report advocates for modifying the current practice of early use of BCG. The natural history of his disease also suggests considering IL2RG variants as a potential cause of "X-linked recessive Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease" (MSMD). His reactive lymphohistiocytic proliferation and massive hepatosplenomegaly simulated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH, likely triggered by the BCG disease). This entity was masked by the absence of fever and markedly elevated inflammatory biomarkers. Thus, his findings stimulate discussion on the need to modify the diagnostic criteria of HLH, in order to accommodate conditions, such IL2RG variants that block systemic inflammation.

Case Report: A Case of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency, Type III Presenting With Impaired Platelet Function, Lymphocytosis and Granulocytosis.

Fermitin family homolog 3 (FERMT3), alternatively kindlin-3 (KIND3), is an integrin binding protein (of 667 residues) encoded by the FERMT3 gene. The molecule is essential for activating integrin αIIbß3 (the fibrinogen receptor) on platelets and for the integrin-mediated hematopoietic cell (including platelets, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and granulocytes) adhesion. Its defects are associated with impaired primary hemostasis, described as "Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (MIM#273800)-like bleeding problem." The defects are also associated with infections, designated as "LAD1 (leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type I; MIM#116920)-like immune deficiency." The entity that joins the impaired primary hemostasis with the leukocyte malfunction has been termed "leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type III" (LAD3, autosomal recessive, MIM#612840), representing a defective activation of the integrins ß1, ß2, and ß3 on leukocytes and platelets. Here, we report a male toddler with novel compound heterozygous variants, NM_178443.2(FERMT3):c.1800G>A, p.Trp600* (a non-sense variant) and NM_178443.2(FERMT3):c.2001del p.*668Glufs*106 (a non-stop variant). His umbilical cord separated at about 3 weeks of age. A skin rash (mainly petechiae and purpura) and recurrent episodes of severe epistaxis required blood transfusions in early infancy. His hemostatic work-up was remarkable for a normal platelet count, but abnormal platelet function screen with markedly prolonged collagen-epinephrine and collagen-ADP closure times. The impaired platelet function was associated with reduced platelet aggregation with all agonists. The expression of platelet receptors was normal. Other remarkable findings were persistent lymphocytosis and granulocytosis, representing defects in diapedesis due to the integrin dysfunction. The natural history of his condition, structure and sequence analysis of the variations, and comparison with other LAD3 cases reported in the literature are presented.

How contextual performance influences perceptions of personality and leadership potential / Cómo influye el desempeño contextual en las percepciones de la personalidad y el potencial de liderazgo

Research has found that employees high in cooperative and persistent personality traits tend to engage in more contextual performance at work—extra-role behaviors that support and maintain organizational structure. In a between-subjects experiment, we examined whether descriptions of employees engaged in contextual performance affected inferences about their personality traits and leadership potential. We also examined whether the effects of interpersonal facilitation on perceptions of agreeableness, and perceptions of agreeableness on leadership emergence, were moderated by target employee gender. As predicted, the positive relationship between interpersonal facilitation and leadership emergence was explained by increased perceptions of extraversion and agreeableness, though no effects of target gender emerged. By engaging in interpersonal facilitation, employees may be able to increase others' confidence in their leadership potential through personality inferences (AU)[

La investigación ha encontrado que los empleados que puntúan alto en los rasgos de personalidad de cooperación y persistencia tienden a implicarse en más desempeño contextual en el trabajo -conductas extra rol que apoyan y mantienen la estructura organizacional. En un experimento entre sujetos, examinamos si las descripciones de empleados implicados en desempeño contextual afectaban a las inferencias sobre sus rasgos de personalidad y su potencial de liderazgo. También examinamos si el género del empleado moderaba los efectos de la facilitación interpersonal sobre las percepciones de amigabilidad y las percepciones de amigabilidad sobre la emergencia del liderazgo. Como predijimos, la relación positiva entre la facilitación interpersonal y la emergencia del liderazgo fue explicada por un incremento de las percepciones de extraversión y amigabilidad, aunque no emergieron los efectos debidos al género. Al implicarse en facilitación interpersonal, los empleados pueden ser capaces de aumentar la confianza de los demás en su potencial de liderazgo a través de inferencias de personalidad (AU)

Adolescent girls with a history of Commercial Sexual Exploitation (CSE): Perceptions and characteristics of social networks.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that social support systems such as family, peers, or social services can play a role in adolescent girls' involvement in commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) (Hargreaves- Cormany & Patterson, 2016; Phillips, 2015, Reid & Piquero, 2016). OBJECTIVES: Few studies have specifically explored the meanings adolescent girls with a history of CSE give to their social networks and how these may be associated with CSE vulnerability. The current study examines how important networks are labeled and characterized by these youth. PARTICIPANTS: This study identifies the social networks used by eight racial/ethnic minority adolescent girls who have experienced CSE. METHODS: Using individual interviews, participants were asked to identify individuals and systems with which they interact and provide meanings about these social supports' roles and value in their lives. Additionally, the degree to which participants viewed each source as influential was explored. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Social Network Theory guided the analysis. RESULTS: Two major themes emerged from the data: a) the social networks perceived as influential in the participants' daily lives and b) the perception of the social network's characteristics as negative or positive. Both positive and negative social networks contained some of the same members. CONCLUSION: The current findings point to key social networks for racial/ethnic minority adolescent girls and the potential role of these networks regarding girls' CSE vulnerability. The duality of some network members illustrate the importance of viewing the role of social networks as both complex and dynamic for girls who have experienced CSE. Clinicians should take care to consider the role of intersectional factors when treating members of this community.

Hispanic women's perceptions of teenage sexting: qualitative analyses using a sexual scripting framework.

Research on sexting perceptions and practices among high school students is extensive; however, this work has focused on predominately White samples, ignoring Hispanic adolescent young women's experiences and interpretations related to sexting. This study used qualitative methods to examine Hispanic college women's reflections on their engagement in and perceptions of image-based sexting during high school. A total of 56 Hispanic college women participated in individual-interviews about high school sexting. Approximately 20% of participants reported sexting images of themselves during high school. The common perception among participants who did not sext was that girls who sent sexualised images of themselves in high school were attention seekers or responding to a request from a boy. Those who sent sexts reported having sent the images of themselves within the context of a romantic relationship. Teenage girls whose sexualised images were widely circulated were viewed negatively by both sexters and non-sexters and faced negative social repercussions. The results highlight the influence of traditional gendered sexual scripting norms on sexting perceptions irrespective of behavioural intentions.

Nonconsensual Porn as a Form of Intimate Partner Violence: Using the Power and Control Wheel to Understand Nonconsensual Porn Perpetration in Intimate Relationships.

Over the last decade, nonconsensual porn (NCP), or the sharing of sexually explicit material without a person's consent, has become a growing problem with potentially far-reaching adverse consequences for victims. The purpose of this article is to propose and consider a framework for advancing the field's understanding of NCP within the context of intimate relationships including situating NCP relative to other forms of relational abuse. Specifically, we examined the extent to which NCP in intimate partner relationships was perpetrated using tactics from the Power and Control Wheel through a summative content analysis of U.S. news stories on NCP from 2012 to 2017. This analysis established that NCP has been perpetrated using all eight of the abuse metatactics in the Power and Control Wheel, with the three most common being emotional abuse, coercion and threats, and denial/blame/minimization. Treating NCP in relationships as a potential form of partner violence provides a basis on which to understand the etiology, manifestation, motives, and impact of this form of abuse and informs practitioners' ability to design prevention efforts and engage a trauma-informed response to survivors.

Examining the effects of perceived pregnancy discrimination on mother and baby health.

Over the last decade, more than 50,000 pregnancy discrimination claims were filed in the United States (United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [U.S. EEOC], 2018a). While pregnancy discrimination claims remain prevalent, research examining the effects of pregnancy discrimination on the well-being and health of working mothers and their babies is lacking. As such, we aim to examine the role of perceived pregnancy discrimination in the workplace on health outcomes for mothers and their babies via mother's stress. We draw on the occupational stress literature and medical research to propose that perceived pregnancy discrimination indirectly relates to mother and baby health via the mother's perceived stress. In our first study, we examine the effects of perceived pregnancy discrimination on mothers' postpartum depressive symptoms via perceived stress. In our second study, we replicate and extend our first study and examine the effects of perceived pregnancy discrimination on mothers' postpartum depressive symptoms and babies' gestational age, Apgar scores, birth weight, and number of doctors' visits, through the mechanism of perceived stress. We find that perceived pregnancy discrimination indirectly relates to increased levels of postpartum depressive symptoms for the mothers, and lower birth weights, lower gestational ages, and increased number of doctors' visits for the babies, via perceived stress of the mothers during pregnancy. Implications for theory and practice, limitations, and future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Public psychology: Introduction to the special issue.

Psychology's role in public life and social issues has been of longstanding concern throughout the discipline. In a historical moment of tremendous social, political, and economic strife and a global pandemic, this special issue of American Psychologist seeks to extend important discourse about the concept of public psychology. The articles included in the special issue address a range of interconnected themes, including: (a) centering social problems, (b) engaging diverse publics in knowledge creation, (c) communicating and democratizing psychological knowledge, and (d) rethinking what constitutes psychology. In this introduction, the guest editors contextualize the special issue, identify its aims, and highlight the key contributions of the included articles. The guest editors argue that realizing an expansive and transformative public psychology will require structural, substantive changes within the discipline to place community concerns at the center of psychology. Nonetheless, bolstered by the insights of the special issue's contributors, the guest editors conclude with cautious optimism that psychology has much to offer in addressing the most pressing social problems of the 21st century. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Improving the Quality of Visualization Dashboards in Critical Care: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Intensive care units (ICUs) lack both standardized performance indicators to better understand the effectiveness of interventions and uniform platforms to present these indicators. The goal of this study was to identify ICU metrics meaningful to stakeholders to help guide the development of a local visualization dashboard. Individual ICU directors were interviewed to collate their input on metrics important to their units. These qualitative data were used to develop a dashboard draft, after which the authors surveyed 20 stakeholders from different hospital departments for feedback on its content and structure. The varied survey results reinforced the inherent difficulties of adapting previously developed measurement tools while also selecting ICU performance measures that are simultaneously widely accepted yet relevant to local practice. These results also call attention to the importance of interdisciplinary input in quality dashboard development, thereby enabling more successful implementation and utilization for ICU quality improvement.

Preparation and characterization of novel mesoporous chitin blended MoO3-montmorillonite nanocomposite for Cu(II) and Pb(II) immobilization.

A novel mesoporous chitin blended MoO3-Montmorillonite nanocomposite was prepared through three-steps synthesis. First, chitin was extracted from prawn shell then MoO3-MMT was prepared, and lastly, chitin was blended with MoO3-MMT. Chitin-MoO3-MMT was applied for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater. XRD characterization revealed MoO3 solubility in MMT interlayers, SEM showed a nanocomposite formation with sharp nanorods like-structure and length ranging from 60 to 77.7 nm. FTIR exhibited fundamental changes in the surface functional groups after adsorption. XPS analysis before and after adsorption showed the domination of chemical bonding with N and O. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm displayed H3-type hysteresis loop and a pore size diameter of 10.67 nm confirming the mesoporous nature. Adsorption efficiency was studied as a function of pH, time, metal concentration and adsorbent mass. Adsorption capacity (Qe) values were 19.03 and 15.92 mg.g-1 for Cu(II) and Pb(II) respectively. The metal surface coverage mapping was 1.87 × 10^19 and 4.34 × 10^18 atoms/m2 for Cu(II) and Pb(II) respectively. Adsorption followed Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics suggesting a monolayer chemisorption domination. Intraparticle diffusion (IPD) model showed a boundary layer control. Thermodynamically, the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic with activation energies 25.94 and 29.37 kJ.mol-1 for Cu(II) and Pb(II) respectively.

Qualifications and Characteristics North American Dental Deans Seek in Department Chairpersons.

The aim of this study was to determine whether deans of North American dental schools perceived that one category of department chairperson skills (leadership or management) was more important than the other for their chairpersons to be successful. A secondary purpose was to determine the professional qualifications and personal characteristics these deans perceived contributed most to the success of department chairpersons and whether those differed by the research emphasis of the school. An email survey was sent in 2016 to all 75 deans of U.S. and Canadian dental schools with graduating classes. Section one of the survey was an open response section asking deans to list the five most essential characteristics of a successful department chairperson. Section two asked deans to rank the importance of eight listed professional qualifications, and the last section asked deans to rate the importance of four leadership and four management traits that could contribute to the success of their chairpersons. Questions about characteristics of the deans and the schools were also included. A response rate of 46.7% was obtained. The most frequent characteristics listed in the open response section were in the categories of vision, academic expertise, and integrity. The three most highly ranked professional qualifications were previous teaching experience, previous administrative experience, and history of external research funding. Four of the eight professional qualifications were ranked differently by deans of high compared to moderate research-intensive schools (p<0.05). Overall, the respondents rated leadership skills more highly than management skills (p=0.002) as important for departmental chairpersons.