Treatment outcomes and associated factors among tuberculosis patients attending Gurage Zone Public Hospital, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Tuberculosis remains the most important global health problem. Worldwide, tuberculosis is the cause of a single infectious agent and the ninth leading cause of death, ranking above human immunodeficiency virus. In high-burden settings, one of the mechanisms to control tuberculosis is to identify patients' problems during treatment. Nevertheless, the problem is still a countrywide issue, and there is a shortage of research to show treatment outcomes and associated factors of tuberculosis in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Regions in the Gurage Zone. Methods: An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 347 medical records of tuberculosis patients from 20 July 2016 to 30 July 2021 at Gurage Zone Public Hospitals. The tool includes data about socio-demographic characteristics, as well as tuberculosis-related, and tuberculosis treatment outcome status. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significantly associated variables with successful tuberculosis treatment outcomes. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p-value of < 0.05 was used to claim statistical association. Results: In this study, the overall prevalence of successful tuberculosis treatment outcomes was 79.3%. HIV-negative tuberculosis patients (AOR = 4.33; 95% CI: 1.91, 9.79), patients aged < 20 years (AOR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.74), and married participants (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.88) were significantly associated with successful tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Conclusion and recommendations: The prevalence of successful tuberculosis treatment outcomes was low. HIV-TB co-infection, single marital status, and age >20 years negatively affected the treatment outcomes of tuberculosis, thus more effort and better attention should be given to better outcomes of tuberculosis patients, especially for HIV-TB co-infected participants.

Symptomatic pelvic floor disorders and its associated factors in South-Central Ethiopia.

INTRODUCTION: Pelvic floor disorders (PFD) are gynecologic health problems containing a wide variety of clinical problems; the most prevalent problems are pelvic organ prolapse, fecal incontinence, and urinary incontinence. It is a significant women's health problem for both developed and developing countries. One in five women in Ethiopia experiences at least one major type of pelvic floor disorders. Despite the severity of the problem, due attention was not given, and no study has been conducted on pelvic floor disorders in the Gurage Zone. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders among women living in Gurage Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2020. METHODOLOGY: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2020 among 542 women residing in the Gurage Zone. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select the participants. Interviewer administered, pretested questionnaires containing questions related to pelvic organ prolapse, urinary, and fecal incontinence was used. The urinary incontinence severity index questionnaire was used to assess the severity of urinary incontinence. Epi-Info x7 was used to record data, and SPSS was used to analyze the data. Binary logistic regression with 95% CI was used to explore the relationship between PFD and other independent variables. After multivariable logistic regression analysis variables with P-value less than 0.05 was used to determine significant association. RESULT: A total of 542 participants were included in this study. Overall, 41.1% of the participants reported one or more symptoms of pelvic floor disorders. Urinary incontinence had the highest prevalence (32.8%), followed by pelvic organ prolapse (25.5%) and fecal incontinence (4.2%). History of weight lifting >10 Kg (AOR = 3.38; 95% CI: 1.99, 5.72), ≥5 vaginal delivery (AOR = 11.18; 95% CI: 1.53, 81.58), and being in menopause (AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.40, 8.07) were identified as possible contributing factors in the development of a pelvic floor disorders. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of symptomatic PFD was higher compared to other similar studies in Ethiopia. Heavy weight lifting, repetitive vaginal deliveries and menopause were factors significantly associated with PFD. Expansion of technologies and building basic infrastructures, health education on kegel exercise and promotion of family planning should be considered as a prevention strategy.

Newborn Care Practice and Associated Factors among Mothers of One-Month-Old Infants in Southwest Ethiopia.

Newborn care refers to the care that is provided to the baby from birth to one-month-old by a caregiver or by the mothers including thermal care, hygienic care, cord care, eye care, breastfeeding, immunization, and identification of newborn danger signs. According to Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016, the neonatal mortality rate was 29 deaths per 1000 live births, and the postneonatal mortality rate was 19 deaths per 1000 live births with neonates contributing 48 deaths per 1000 of the infant mortality. Neonatal mortality accounts for approximately two-thirds of all infant mortality worldwide. Objective. The objective of this study was to assess newborn care practice and associated factors among mothers with babies of one-month-old in Hossana town, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 422 mothers with babies of one-month-old in Hossana town, southwest Ethiopia. The data were entered to EpiData 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied, and frequencies and odds ratios were calculated to determine the prevalence and associated factors, respectively. Results. In this study, 31% of participants had good newborn care practice based on three composite variables such as 84% who have done early breastfeeding initiation, 32.9% who have done safe cord care, and 30.6% who have done thermal care. Educational status of the mother's, primary (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.027-7.637), secondary (AOR = 2.596, 95% CI: 0.921-7.316), and college and above (AOR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.056-12.492); mothers who practiced handwashing (hygiene) before touching a newborn (AOR = 2.552, 95% CI: 1.092-5.963); and mothers who had good knowledge on newborn care practice (AOR = 15.638, 95% CI: 3.599-67.943) were significantly associated with newborn care practice. Conclusion and Recommendation. The present study indicated that the level of comprehensive newborn care practice was unsatisfactory; all responsible bodies were giving attention and intervene on the predictors to improve newborn care practice and provide health education regarding newborn care practice. Education level, health education (counseling) on hygiene, and knowledge of mother on newborn care practice were independent predictors of newborn care practice.

Depression and Its Predictors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Treatment in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at twice the risk of developing depression than the general population. The coexistence of diabetes and depression largely contributes to increased morbidity and mortality and results in high healthcare cost. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to assess severity of depression and its determinants in diabetes outpatients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia. METHODS: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was done using a systematic sampling method. To assess the magnitude of depression, the patient health questionnaire-9 scale was used. Then, the data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 software. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between dependent variable and independent variables. RESULTS: The magnitudes of depression were found to be 41.5%. The potential predictors were adhering to alcohol intake (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.52, 9.06), loss of someone very close or spouse (AOR = 6.83, 95% CI 3.07, 15.19), having no social support (AOR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.63, 8.29), not adhering to the recommended dietary regimen (AOR = 6.83, 95% CI 3.07, 15.19), not adhering to physical activity (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.86,9.014), not adhering to medication (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.7, 10.31), and not having raised blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg and above (AOR = 7.42, 95% CI: 3.40, 16.17). CONCLUSION: Depression was a common comorbidity associated with diabetes occurring in more than four in ten of the participants.

Magnitude and associated factors of diabetic complication among diabetic patients attending Gurage zone hospitals, South West Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude of diabetic complication and associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients attending in Gurage zone hospitals. RESULTS: According to this study the magnitude of diabetic complication among diabetic patients were 61% and the marital status; divorced [AOR: 0.252 (0.11, 0.59); p = 0.002], poor glycemic control [AOR: 1.88 (1.04, 3.39); p = 0.036], body mass index > 25 [AOR: 4.42 (1.32, 14.86); p = 0.016] and duration of illness > 6 years [AOR :1.79 (1.02, 3.17); p = 0.044] and 10 years [AOR: 4.68 (2.07, 10.61); p = < 0.001] were significantly associated with diabetic complication.