A multidimensional analysis of corporate governance mechanisms and their impact on sustainable economic development: A case study of Ghana's financial sector.

Efficiency remains pivotal to the banking sector, serving as a linchpin for resource allocation and competitive prowess. This study delves into the intricate dynamics between corporate governance and banking efficiency in Ghana, with an analytical lens on cost efficiency (CE) and total efficiency (TE). Utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), our investigation spans over a decade (2008-2019) and encompasses a data set of 23 Ghanaian banks. The study findings unveils that rigorous corporate governance mechanisms, as quantified by the Corporate Governance Index (CGI), exert a salutary influence on both cost and total efficiencies. Moreover, a well-defined Risk Management Index (RMI) positively correlates with cost efficiency, albeit without a substantial impact on total efficiency. Conversely, the study identifies a counterintuitive effect: the current make-up of supervisory boards, as gauged by the Supervisory Board Index (SBI), inversely impacts both efficiency metrics, signaling sub-optimal governance structures. Significantly, the research also highlights a pressing concern: the average total efficiency of Ghanaian banks lags behind the global benchmarks prescribed by the World Bank. This discrepancy underscores an exigency for efficiency optimization within the sector. The study thereby offers invaluable insights for multiple stakeholders-including regulatory bodies, investment communities, and policymakers-by delineating the governance variables that can enhance or impede banking efficiency. It also identifies actionable avenues for improvement, specifically in the realms of risk management and board composition, with the potential to catalyze a transformation in Ghana's banking landscape.

An in-silico approach leads to explore six genes as a molecular signatures of lung adenocarcinoma.

Due to heterogenetic-specific nature of the available biomarkers, the incidence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is on the rise worldwide. Previously reported LUAD-related hub genes were searched from the medical literature via literature mining and were processed to identify few top genes via degree method. Later, a comprehensive in silico methodology was applied on the selected real hub genes to identify their tumor driving, diagnostic, and prognostic roles in LUAD patients with divers clinicopathological variables. Out of total 145 extracted hub genes, six genes including CDC6, PBK, AURKA, KIF2C, OIP5, and PRC1 were identified as real hub genes. The expression analysis showed that all these genes were significantly up-regulated across LUAD samples of different clinicopathological variables. In addition, a variety of unique correlations among the expression and of real hub genes and some other parameters including promoter methylation status, overall survival (OS), genetic changes, tumor purity, and immune cell infiltration have also been explored in the present study. Moreover, via TFS-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, one important TF (E2F1) and one important miRNAs (hsa-mir-34a-5p) that targeted all the real hub genes were also identified. Finally, a variety of drugs also predicted to be very useful in treating LUAD. The discovery of the real hub genes, TFS-miRNA-mRNA network, and chemotherapeutic drugs associated with LUAD provides new insights into underlying mechanisms and treatment of LUAD overcoming heterogeneity barriers.

A pan-cancer analysis of HAVCR1 with a focus on diagnostic, prognostic and immunological roles in human cancers.

OBJECTIVES: Cancer is one of the most prominent causes of death world wide. Identification of novel cancer biomarkers woud help with cancer diagnosis and possible treatment. METHODS: In this study, we comprehensively studied the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic values of the hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1) gene across multiple cancers from a pan-cancer point of view via a detailed in silico approach. RESULTS: HAVCR1 expression was up-regulated in a variety of malignancies. The up-regulated HAVCR1 was closely related to the poor prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Moreover, DAVID analysis showed that HAVCR1, along with different other associated genes, was involved in numerous cancer-associated signaling pathways across ESCA, STAD, and LUAD. Furthermore, in these cancers, HAVCR1 was also found closely associated with some other parameters such as promoter methylation, tumor purity, level of CD8+ T immune cells, genomic alterations, and chemotherapeutic drugs. CONCLUSION: HAVCR1 was overexpressed in multiple tumors. However, the up-regulated HAVCR1 is a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker as well as a therapeutic target in only ESCA, STAD, and LUAD patients.