ABSTRACT
Lactobacilli probiotics have been suggested to reduce cholesterol with low side effects to host. Bacteriocins and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) production are two meaningful examples of functional applications of lactobacilli in the food industry. Eight Lactobacillus strains were isolated from some Egyptian fermented food and tested for their probiotic properties. Analysis of the monosaccharide composition by thin layer chromatography showed the presence of glucose, galactose and unknown sugar. The main functional groups of EPSs were elucidated by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Their fermentation cultures displayed powerful antioxidant activities extending from 97.5 to 99%, 40-75% for their EPSs and free cells, respectively, and exhibited in vitro cholesterol downgrading from 48 to 82% and 72 to 91% after 48 and 120 h, respectively. Their EPSs showed good anticancer activities against carcinoma cells with low IC50 values for HCT-116, PC-3 and HepG-2 cells. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports on the potential of Lactobacillus EPSs activity against PC-3. The selected strains, L. plantarum KU985433 and L. rhamnosus KU985436 produced two different bacteriocins as detected by gel permeation chromatography with good antimicrobial activities. In vivo study demonstrated that feeding Westar rats with fermented milk exhibited greater cholesterol, LDL and blood triglyceride reduction for both strains. Whereas, HDL was increased by about 43 and 38%, respectively, and the atherogenic indices decreased.
Subject(s)
Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Hypercholesterolemia/therapy , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/pharmacology , Probiotics/pharmacology , Animals , Anticholesteremic Agents/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Bacteriocins , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cholesterol, HDL/agonists , Cholesterol, HDL/metabolism , Cholesterol, LDL/antagonists & inhibitors , Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Egypt , Fermented Foods/microbiology , HCT116 Cells , Hep G2 Cells , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism , Hypercholesterolemia/pathology , Lactobacillus plantarum/chemistry , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolism , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/chemistry , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/metabolism , Male , PC-3 Cells , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Probiotics/isolation & purification , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Triglycerides/antagonists & inhibitors , Triglycerides/metabolismABSTRACT
Wound healing following skin injury is a natural phenomenon that usually lacks quality, rapidity, and aesthetics. Thus, the purpose of this study was to fabricate a new easily applied in situ gel of cefadroxil (CDX) loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CDX-CSNPs) that could promote wound healing, capable of inhibiting the possible accompanying bacterial infection. The nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsion technique and the influence of formulation parameters on drug entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP) were investigated using a full factorial design. The results show that the optimized CDX-CSNP1 composed of low molecular weight chitosan (0.2%w/v) was spherical with EE%, PS, PDI and ZP of 84.25⯱â¯0.02, 408.30⯱â¯53.17â¯nm, 0.458⯱â¯0.048 and 22.80⯱â¯0.57â¯mV, respectively. DSC and XRD studies confirmed the amorphous nature of the drug. After ensuring the safety and non toxicity of CDX-CSNP1 in situ gel through cytotoxic study, the antibacterial activity was evaluated using a rat skin infection model against Staphylococcus aureus. Compared to the rats treated with free CDX, the CDX-CSNP1 treated group revealed a remarkable accelerated wound healing process and bacterial clearance which was further confirmed by the histopathological examination of skin biopsies.