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1.
Genes (Basel) ; 13(12)2022 11 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36553472

ABSTRACT

Achieving accurate STR genotyping by using next-generation sequencing data has been challenging. To provide the forensic genetics community with a reliable open-access STR database, we conducted a comprehensive genotyping analysis of a set of STRs of broad forensic interest obtained from 1000 Genome populations. We analyzed 22 STR markers using files of the high-coverage dataset of Phase 3 of the 1000 Genomes Project. We used HipSTR to call genotypes from 2504 samples obtained from 26 populations. We were not able to detect the D21S11 marker. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis coupled with a comprehensive analysis of allele frequencies revealed that HipSTR was not able to identify longer alleles, which resulted in heterozygote deficiency. Nevertheless, AMOVA, a clustering analysis that uses STRUCTURE, and a Principal Coordinates Analysis showed a clear-cut separation between the four major ancestries sampled by the 1000 Genomes Consortium. Except for larger Penta D and Penta E alleles, and two very small Penta D alleles (2.2 and 3.2) usually observed in African populations, our analyses revealed that allele frequencies and genotypes offered as an open-access database are consistent and reliable.


Subject(s)
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Microsatellite Repeats , Humans , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Heterozygote , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods
2.
Forensic Sci Int Genet ; 58: 102676, 2022 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35144075

ABSTRACT

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are particularly difficult to genotype with rapid evolving next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Long amplicons containing repetitive sequences result in alignment and genotyping errors. Stutters arising from polymerase slippage often result in reads with additional or missing repeat copies. Many tools are available for analysis of STR markers from NGS data. This study has evaluated the concordance of the HipSTR, STRait Razor, and toaSTR tools for STR genotype calling; NGS data obtained from a highly genetically diverse Brazilian population sample have been used. We found that toaSTR can retrieve a larger number of genotypes (93.8%), whereas HipSTR (84.9%) and STRait Razor present much lower genotype calling (75.3%). Accuracy levels for genotype calling are very similar (identical genotypes ~95% and correct alleles ~ 97.5%) across the three methods. All the markers presenting the same genotype through the methods are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We found that combined match probability and combined exclusion power are 2.90 × 10-28 and 0.99999999982, respectively. Although toaSTR has varying locus-specific differences and better overall performance of toaSTR, the three programs are reliable genotyping tools. Notwithstanding, additional effort is necessary to improve the genotype calling accuracy of next-generation sequencing datasets.


Subject(s)
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Microsatellite Repeats , Alleles , Brazil , DNA Fingerprinting , Genotype , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods , Humans , Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
3.
GEN ; 54(4): 287-291, oct.-dic. 2000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-305916

ABSTRACT

El hígado es un órgano primordial en el metabolismo de las drogas, sobre todo para aquellas de administración oral, algunas de las cuales pueden causar efectos tóxicos sobre el mismo, pudiendo los mismo semejar cualquier patrón de injuria hepática (hepatocelular, colestática, granulomatosa, vascular etc.). El daño hepático inducido por drogas depende de múltiples factores tanto inherentes al fármaco en cuestión (mecanismo de toxicidad, asociación con otras drogas) como al paciente (edad, sexo, estado nutricional, factores genéticos y hepatopatías previas). La severidad del daño hepático puede variar desde alteraciones específicas de la estructura y función hepática hasta cuadros de insuficiencia hapática fulminante, cirrosis y cáncer hepático, por lo cual es esencial sospechar y buscar activamente el consumo de fármacos en pacientes con hepatopatía ya sea de presentación aguda o crónica. En el presente trabajo, presentamos el primer caso de hepatotoxicidad severa por trovafloxacina, reportado en Venezuela


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatic Insufficiency , Venezuela
4.
Rev. venez. cir ; 53(4): 158-165, dic. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-333972

ABSTRACT

Evaluar la utilidad de la laparoscopia diagnóstica en pacientes con traumatismo abdominal. Estudio prospectivo desde 1996 a 1998, en trauma abdominal producto de heridas por arma blanca, fuego y accidentes de tránsito, sometiéndose a la laparoscopia diagnóstica bajo 3 modalidades anestésicas y usando 1,2 o tres puertos de acuerdo al sitio del trauma. Se tomó en cuenta el sexo, grupo etario, mecanismo de acción del trauma, examen abdominal, estabilidad hemodinámica, lugar de realización del procedimiento, número de puertos usados, lugar de colocación del primer puerto, hallazgos laparoscopicos como penetración, hemoperitoneo, órganos lesionados, tiempo quirúrgico, sensibilidad, problemas técnicos, porcentaje de reducción de laparotomías, relación entre laparoscopia diagnóstica y laparotomías no terapéuticas y estadía hospitalaria. Unidad de politraumatizados, quirófanos de emergencia, quirófano ambulatorio del Servicio de Cirugía III y Unidad de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital General del Este "Dr. Domingo Luciani". Caracas. La población predominante fue de tipo masculino 89 por ciento (48) con edad promedio de 20 a 30 años. El ambiente físico correspondió en 70 por ciento (38) de los procedimientos a la Unidad de Politraumatizados en el área de emergencia; las heridas por arma de fuego constituyeron el mecanismo de acción más frecuente 41 por ciento (22) seguido por arma blanca 31 por ciento (17) y traumatismo abdominal cerrado 28 por ciento (15). Un solo puerto de entrada se necesitó en la mayoría de los procedimientos 78 por ciento (42) para realizar el diagnóstico, un tiempo quirúrgico promedio de 25 min, con sensibilidad y especificidad diagnóstica del 98 por ciento y 100 por ciento respectivamente. El porcentaje de complicación fue de 15 por ciento todas de orden menor. En uno de cada 3 pacientes se evitó la laparotomía innecesaria posterior al diagnóstico laparoscópico con disminución de la estadía hospitalaria a 3,5 días promedio. La laparoscopia diagnóstica en pacientes con traumatismo abdominal es aplicable en este centro hospitalario y permite un excelente margen de seguridad y pocas complicaciones


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Wounds, Gunshot , Laparoscopy , Abdominal Injuries , Accidents, Traffic , Venezuela , General Surgery
5.
GEN ; 45(1): 65-8, ene.-mar. 1991. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-113340

ABSTRACT

El ameboma es una complicación rara de la ambiasis intestinal que requiere de su sospecha y diagnóstico preciso para instalar el adecuado tratamiento médico específico, que permita al paciente una mejor evolución


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Dysentery, Amebic/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Dysentery, Amebic/parasitology , Dysentery, Amebic/pathology , Dysentery, Amebic/therapy
6.
Eur J Neurosci ; 2(9): 762-768, 1990.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12106276

ABSTRACT

The role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) in brain physiology and pathology has been the focus of several studies. However, the source of this lymphokine in the central nervous system and the regulation of its synthesis is still poorly understood. We have therefore used purified astrocytes and brain macrophages in culture to compare the abilities of these two cell types to synthesize TNF-alpha and its mRNA. We find that, in the Swiss mouse, no significant TNF activity or TNF-alpha mRNA are produced by astrocytes, even following activation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). On the other hand, purified microglial cells express a cytotoxic activity able to kill TNF-sensitive LM cells. Part of this activity is released into the culture medium and part remains bound to the membrane after mild paraformaldehyde treatment, demonstrating the existence in the culture of the soluble and membrane-bound forms of TNF activity. The fact that amoeboid microglial cells, and not astrocytes, are the actual source of TNF in brain cultures was further demonstrated by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization using a TNF-alpha specific oligonucleotide probe. The definition of the cell type which, in the CNS, is responsible for TNF synthesis will allow the regulation of this lymphokine to be analysed and opens the way for a better understanding of the interactions between amoeboid microglial cells and the other cell types which make up the nervous system.

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