Rapid and Sensitive Electrochemical Assay of Cefditoren with MWCNT/Chitosan NCs/Fe2O3 as a Nanosensor.

In this research, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by MWCNT/chitosan NCs/Fe2O3 was prepared for the determination of the cephalosporin antibiotic cefditoren (CFT) using adsorptive stripping differential pulse and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The effects of pH, the scan rate, the deposition potential, the accumulation time, and modification agents on the determination of CFT were analyzed. The results showed that the modified electrode significantly increased the oxidation peak current of CFT. Under optimized conditions, the MWCNT/chitosan NCs/Fe2O3/GCE nanosensor exhibited a linear response between 0.2 µM and 10 µM toward CFT. The limit of detection and quantification were determined to be 1.65 nM and 5.50 nM, respectively. Model drugs (cefdinir, cefpodoxime, cephalexin, and ceftazidime compounds) were used to enlighten the CFT oxidation mechanism. Moreover, the nanosensor was used to analyze CFT in a pharmaceutical dosage form and commercial deproteinated human serum samples. The accuracy of these methods was proven in the recovery studies, with values of 96.98 and 98.62% for the pharmaceutical dosage form and commercial deproteinated human serum sample, respectively.

Advancement in electrochemical strategies for quantification of Brown HT and Carmoisine (Acid Red 14) From Azo Dyestuff class.

Brown HT and carmoisine, which are the most used dyestuffs in pharmaceuticals, textiles, cosmetics and foods, are important components of the Azo family. Although the Azo group is not toxic or carcinogenic under normal conditions, these dyestuffs require great care due to the reduction of the Azo functional group to amines. In particular, fast, reliable, easy, on-site and precise determinations of these substances are extremely necessary and important. In this review, the properties, applications, and electrochemical determinations of brown HT and carmoisine, which are used as synthetic food colorants, are discussed in detail. Up to now, sensor types, detection limits (LOD and LOQ), and analytical applications in the developed electrochemical strategies for both substances were compared. In addition, the validation parameters such as the variety of the sensors, sensitivity, selectivity and electrochemical technique in these studies were clarified one by one. While the electrochemical techniques recommended for brown HT were mostly used for the removal of dyestuff, for carmoisine they included fully quantitative centered studies. The percentiles of voltammetric techniques, which are the most widely used among these electroanalytical methods, were determined. The benefits of a robust electrochemical strategy for the determination of both food colors are summed up in this review. Finally, the brown HT and carmoisine suggestions for future perspectives in electrochemical strategy are given according to all their applications.

Recent advantages in electrochemical monitoring for the analysis of amaranth and carminic acid as food color.

This study provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments in the electrochemical impressions of the important dyestuffs including amaranth and carminic acid. Food colors are organic substances that have important effects on human health and food safety. While these substances do not pose a problem when used in the daily intake (ADI) amounts, they harm human health when consumed excessively. Amaranth and carminic acid are synthetic and natural food colors ingredients, respectively. Analysis of these substances in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and textile samples is extremely important because of their genotoxicity, cytostatic and cytotoxic effects. Electroanalytical methods, which have great advantages over traditional analytical methods, shed light on the scientific world. Electrochemical monitoring modules, which are fast, simple, accurate, reliable, and highly selective, are promising for the determination of both substances. Until now, amaranth and carminic acid food determinations have been carried out successfully with electrochemical monitoring techniques in many numbers in the literature. Voltammetric techniques are the most widely used among these electroanalytical methods. In particular, square wave and differential pulse voltammetric techniques, which have extraordinary properties, have been heavily preferred. Limits of detection (LOD) comparable to the standard analytical method have been achieved using these methods, which have very quick analysis durations, high precision and accuracy, do not require long preprocessing, and have great selectivity. In addition, more sensitive and selective analyses of amaranth and carminic acid in natural samples were carried out with numerous indicator electrodes. The merits of powerful electrochemical monitoring studies for the determination of both food colors during the last decade are presented in this study. Moreover, parameters such as analytical applications, detection limits, electrochemical methods, selectivity, working electrodes, and working ranges are summarized in detail.