ABSTRACT
Childhood obesity is a significant public health problem. Studies show that obese children are more likely to become obese adults. In an attempt to ascertain the factors associated with childhood obesity, research has shown that this condition is associated with changes in food consumption and masticatory performance. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate food consumption and masticatory performance in normal weight, overweight and obese children aged 7 - 12 years. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 92 children aged 7 - 12 years, of both sexes, from a public school in a Brazilian municipality. The children were divided into the following groups: normal weight (n = 48), overweight (n = 26) and obese (n = 18). Anthropometric parameters, food consumption, food consistency preference, and masticatory performance were evaluated. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. To compare numerical variables, the one-way ANOVA test was applied. For variables not conforming to a normal distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Our results show that the children with obesity consumed fewer fresh foods (median = 3, IQI = 4.00-2.00, p = 0.026), consumed more ultra-processed foods (median = 4, IQI = 4.00-2.00, p = 0.011), performed fewer mastication sequences (median = 2, IQI = 3.00-2.00, p = 0.007), and ate faster (median = 58.50, IQI = 69.00-48.00, p = 0.026) compared to children of normal weight. We conclude that children with obesity exhibit differences in food consumption and masticatory performance compared to children of normal weight.
Subject(s)
Overweight , Pediatric Obesity , Male , Adult , Female , Humans , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Anthropometry , Mastication , Body Mass IndexABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e correlacionar os aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos de pacientes disfágicos em atendimento fonoaudiológico de um Centro Especializado em Reabilitação de Alagoas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, com análise quantitativa a partir de prontuários dos pacientes em atendimento nos anos de 2015 e 2016. Os dados foram coletados em ficha estruturada, seguindo como referência o Protocolo Fonoaudiológico de Avaliação do Risco para Disfagia. Foi utilizado o teste de Qui-quadrado, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram analisados 27 prontuários, sendo 40,74% de adultos, 55,56% do gênero masculino, 47,08% aposentados, 88,89% provenientes da capital, com baixa escolaridade (37,04%) e encaminhados por neurologistas (33,33%); 88,89% apresentavam disfagia de origem neurogênica, 55,56% de grau leve; 29,63% foram acometidos por Encefalopatia Crônica Não Progressiva e 18,52% Acidente Vascular Encefálico, apresentando sinais e sintomas disfágicos coexistentes, sendo 88,89% correspondendo a engasgos, 81,48% tosse, 62,96% escape oral e 55,56% deglutições múltiplas; 51,85% apresentaram complicadores associados à disfagia. 77,78% não utilizavam via alternativa de alimentação; 55,56% realizaram somente avaliação clínica para o diagnóstico da disfagia; 66,67% nunca realizaram terapia fonoaudiológica anteriormente e 59,10% conseguiram estabelecer a alimentação por via oral. Foi encontrada significância (p ≤ 0,0001) na relação da via de alimentação com o grau da disfagia. Conclusão: Foi possível evidenciar uma população com características heterogêneas, no que se refere aos achados sociodemográficos e clínicos, sendo possível traçar informações sobre as caraterísticas apresentadas por esses pacientes, contribuindo positivamente para a realização de ações mais diretivas e efetivas, proporcionando olhar especializado e direcionado a esta população.
Objectives: To describe the characteristics of dysphagia patients in speech therapy at a Specialized Rehabilitation Outpatient Program in Alagoas. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study was carried out, with quantitative descriptive analysis of medical records of patients in therapy in 2015 and 2016. Data were collected in a structured record, following as reference the Dysphagia Risk Evaluation Protocol (DREP). Chi-square test was used, considering 5% significance level. Results: 27 medical records were analyzed, 40,74% were adults, 55,56% were men, 47,08% were retired, 88,89% from the capital, with low schooling (37,04) and forwarded by neurologists (33,33%); 88,89% presented neurogenic dysphagia, 55,56% low-grade dysphagia; 29,63% were affected by chronic non progressive encephalopathy and 18,52% encephalic vascular accident, showing coexistent dysphagia signals and symptoms, being 88,89% cough and choking, 81,48% cough, 62,96% oral escape and 55,56% multiple swallowing; 51,85% showed complications associated with dysphagia; 77,78% did not use alternative feeding methods; 55,56% did only clinical evaluation for the dysphagia diagnosis; 66,67% never did speech therapy previously and 59,10% were able to establish oral feeding. It was found significance (p ≤ 0, 0001) between feeding method with dysphagia grade. Conclusion: It was possible to evidence a population with heterogeneous characteristics regarding socialdemographic and clinical findings, being possible to track information about characteristics showed by those patients, contributing positively to execute actions more directive and effective, providing a specialized and targeted looking to this population.
Objetivos: Describir el perfil epidemiológico y correlacionar los aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos de los pacientes difásicos en atendimiento fonoaudiológico en un Centro Especializado en Rehabilitación de Alagoas. Métodos: Estudio trasversal, descriptivo y exploratorio, con análisis cuantitativa de las fichas clínicas de los pacientes en atendimiento en los años de 2015 y 2016. Los datos fueron recogidos en fichas estructuradas, según el Protocolo Fonoaudiológico de Evaluación del Riegos para la Disfagia. Fue utilizado el test Qui-quadrado, considerando el nivel del significancia del 5%. Resultados: Fueran analizados 27 fichas clínicas, donde 40,74% correspondía a adultos, 55,56% al género masculino, 47,08% a jubilados, 88,89% advenidos de la capital, con baja escolaridad (37,04%) y advenido por neurólogos (33,33%). Los 88,89% presentaba la disfagia de origen neurológica, 55,56% de grado leve; 29,63% acometidos por Encefalopatía Crónica no Evolutiva y 18,52% por Accidente Vascular Cerebral, presentando síntomas disfágicos coexistentes, donde 88,89% correspondía a atragantamiento, 81,48% tos, 62,96% escape oral y 55,56% degluciones múltiples; 51,85% presentan complicaciones asociadas a la disfagia; 77,78% no utilizan vía alternativa para alimentación; 55,56% realizaron la avaluación clínica para el diagnóstico de la disfagia; 66,67% nunca han realizado terapia fonoaudiológica anteriormente y 59,10% conseguirán restablecer la alimentación por la boca. Fue encontrada significancia (p≤ 0,0001) en la relación de la vía de la alimentación con el grado de la disfagia. Conclusión: Fue posible evidenciar una población con características heterogéneas, en lo que se refiere a los hallazgos sociodemográficos y clínicos. Es posible trazar informaciones sobre las características presentadas por esos pacientes, contribuyendo positivamente en la realización de acciones más directivas y efectivas, proporcionando atención especializada y dirigida a esta población.