ABSTRACT
This study was performed to evaluate the impact of dietary protein levels on nutrient digestibility and water and nitrogen balances in conditioning eventing horses. Twenty-four Brazilian Sport Horses, male and female (8.0 to 15.0 yr; 488 ± 32 kg BW), were used in a randomized design with 4 levels of CP diets: 7.5%, 9.0%, 11.0%, and 13.0%. A digestion assay was performed with partial feces collection over 4 d, followed by 1 d of total urine collection. Data were submitted to regression analysis and adjusted to linear and quadratic models (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the intake of DM, OM, EE, ADF, and NDF as a function of dietary protein levels. Dry matter intake average was 1.7% of BW. CP and N intake showed a linear increase as a function of increasing protein level in diets. A quadratic response (P < 0.05) was observed on the CP and NDF digestibility coefficients, with the maximum estimated level of digestibility at 11.6% and 11.4% CP in the diet, respectively. There was a linear effect on ADF digestibility coefficients, digestible DM and protein intake, and CP/DE ratio according to dietary protein levels. There was no impact of dietary protein levels on daily water intake, total water intake, or fecal water excretion. Urinary excretion values showed a linear increase in response to increased dietary protein levels, but no impact was observed on water balance, with an average of 8.4 L/d. Nitrogen intake (NI), N absorption (NA), and urinary N increased linearly as a function of increasing dietary protein levels. There was no impact of dietary protein levels on N retention (NR), with an average of 7.5 g N/d. Nitrogen retention as a percentage of NI or NA showed no significant changes in the function of dietary protein levels. There was an impact of dietary protein levels on the digestibility coefficient of CP, NDF, ADF, and digestible protein intake on conditioning eventing horses. The 11.6% CP level in the diet provided an intake of 2.25 g CP/kg BW and 0.37 g N/kg BW, and this intake was the most appropriate for the conditioning of intensely exercised horses, considering the responses related to NI, NA, and the estimated NR to NA ratio. The NDF and ADF responses indicated that dietary fiber was more digested with an increased amount of N in the digestive tract.
Subject(s)
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/drug effects , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Proteins/pharmacology , Food , Horses/metabolism , Nitrogen/metabolism , Water/metabolism , Animal Feed , Animals , Brazil , Digestion/drug effects , Digestion/physiology , Feces , Female , Male , Models, Statistical , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiologyABSTRACT
Avaliaram-se a hematologia e a bioquímica sérica em equinos de concurso completo de equitação (CCE) em treinamento durante testes de esforço incremental em esteira ergométrica de alta velocidade. Foram utilizados 16 equinos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, utilizando-se como fontes de variação nos tratamentos a idade e o histórico de treinamento em CCE. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos testes incrementais realizados nas fases inicial e final do treinamento. As subparcelas foram representadas pelos tempos de avaliação e coletas. Os equinos do grupo experimental novos iniciantes apresentaram valor médio do hematócrito de 43,24%, sendo inferior ao hematócrito do grupo adultos iniciantes, 45,63%, novos experientes, 46,39%, e competidores, 47,74%. Houve diferença (P<0,05) entre os testes físicos realizados nas fases inicial e final do treinamento, com redução na concentração plasmática de glicose, de 112 para 98,88mg/dL, nas concentrações séricas de creatinina, de 1,41 para 1,29mg/dL, e de proteínas totais, de 6,52 para 6,38g/dL, na contagem de monócitos, de 0,54 para 0,48 10³/mm³, e com aumento na concentração plasmática de lactato, de 3,31 para 3,79mmol/L, na concentração sérica de ácido úrico, de 1,44 para 1,77mg/dL, no hematócrito, de 44,19 para 46,90%, na concentração de hemoglobina, de 14,33 para 15,10g/dL, e na contagem de leucócitos totais, de 9,26 para 9,61 10³/mm³. O treinamento dos equinos de CCE aumentou o condicionamento físico dos equinos, com maior capacidade de metabolização do lactato após o exercício e aumento nos valores basais do hematócrito e da concentração de hemoglobina.
Was evaluated the hematology and serum biochemistry in event horses (CCE) in training during incremental treadmill tests. Sixteen horses were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four repetitions in subdivided parcels, using age and previous history of training in events as sources of treatment variation. The parcels constituted of incremental treadmill tests performed at the beginning and end of training. The subparcels were represented by the time of evaluation and collection of samples. The equines of new beginners group had mean hematocrit value of 43.24%, being lower than the hematocrit of adult beginners group, 45.63%, new experienced group, 46.39%, and competitors group, 47.74%. There were differences (P<0.05) between the tests performed at the beginning and end of training, with reduction in glucose plasma concentration, from 112 to 98,88mg/dL, in seric concentration of creatinine, 1.41 to 1.29mg/dL, and total protein, 6.52 to 6.38 g/dL, in monocyte count, 0.54 to 0.48 10³/mm³, and an increase of lactate plasma concentration, from 3.31 to 3.79mmol/L, in seric concentration of uric acid, 44 to 1.77mg/dL, in hematocrit, 44.19 to 46.90%, in hemoglobin concentration, 14.33 to 15.10 g/dL, and blood cell count, 9.26 to 9.61 10³/mm³. The training of event horses improves physical performance of horses, with increased capacity of lactate metabolism after exercise and increased basal hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration.
Subject(s)
Animals , Hemoglobins/analysis , Leukocytes/cytology , Biochemical Phenomena , Horses/classification , Blood Cell CountABSTRACT
The pectoralis minor myocutaneous, osteomyocutaneous, and osteomuscular flaps were used in 14 patients. Thirteen cases had mandibular replacement, with bilateral flap application in three. The first eight flaps incorporated the fifth rib and the last eight flaps included the sixth rib. In the last four cases, the flap was transferred through a subclavicular tunnel. A mentum defect was present in 11 patients. There was one total flap necrosis due to venous thrombosis caused by surgical trauma. The flap provides rich vascularization and versatility, requires a small volume, and does not present serious sequelae to the donor site. It may be performed by a two-team approach and is a valid option for head and neck reconstruction.
Subject(s)
Lip Neoplasms/surgery , Mandibular Neoplasms/surgery , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Pharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteosarcoma/surgery , Pectoralis Muscles/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
The results of a technical modification of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap are presented in which the clavicular bundles, the first two or three sternocostal bundles, and the lateral border of the muscle were preserved. The flap was delivered into the neck through a subclavicular tunnel. The procedure was performed in 55 patients, with a bilateral simultaneous flap used in one. Four instances of flap necrosis occurred, although it was felt that they were not related to the modified technique, and no damage to the subclavian vessel occurred. In the first 25 flaps, we did not identify the neurovascular bundle supplying the preserved musculature. Eighteen of these flaps were evaluated, and atrophy was encountered in 10. Of the latter 31 patients, only one suffered atrophy of the sternocostal bundle. The technical modification of preserving part of the muscle and its neurovascular supply is especially important in manual workers. Twenty-eight of 38 patients with preserved muscle function at the donor site were manual workers, and 10 of them returned to normal activity. None of the patients who developed atrophy of the pectoralis major muscular remnant was able to return to work within 1 year or longer after treatment. In the successful cases, there were no functional sequelae of the arm, visible depressions in the infraclavicular area, or loss of the anatomic configuration of the anterior axillary line.
Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Muscular Atrophy/etiology , Necrosis , Pectoralis Muscles/blood supply , Pectoralis Muscles/pathology , Postoperative ComplicationsABSTRACT
Os autores analisam 100 casos de cancer primitivo de pulmao, atendidos no periodo de 1957 - 1976, no Departamento de Cirurgia Toracica do Hospital A.C. Camargo da Fundacao Antonio Prudente, cujo primeiro exame realizado foi a abreugrafia. Apenas 6 casos (6,0%) nao apresentavam sintomatologia pulmonar e, desses, 2 casos eram do ECI. Em 28,0% dos casos a abreugrafia nao foi acompanhada de relatorio medico e em 29,2% dos casos o diagnostico foi discordante de cancer de pulmao. A deteccao precoce dessas neoplasias malignas, atraves de exame radiologico dos pulmoes e exame citologico oncotico de escarro a cada 4 meses, deve ser incentivada, apesar da maioria dos estudos nao ter mostrado uma melhoria da sobrevida dos pacientes; o aumento da ressecabilidade do tumor justifica essas medidas, especialmente entre nos cuja inoperabilidade a primeira consulta e ainda elevada, com uma ressecabilidade pequena. Um maior aprimoramento tecnico e controle dos servicos de abreugrafia poderiam ser de grande utilidade para a utilizacao desse exame, associado a citologia oncotica de escarro, num programa de deteccao de cancer de pulmao em grupos de alto risco, pelo seu menor custo
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Lung Neoplasms , PhotofluorographySubject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Esophagoplasty , Pectoralis Muscles , Pharynx , Surgical FlapsABSTRACT
Os AA. apresentam tres casos de hernia diafragmatica traumatica, atendidos em hospitais de urgencia em Fortaleza-Ce., salientando a importancia do diagnostico precoce, muitas vezes negligenciado, que e de suma importancia no tratamento deste padecimento. A facilidade com que pode ser realizado o reparo precoce contrasta com os problemas advindos da correcao tardia onde as visceras herniadas podem encontrar-se firmemente aderidas, alongando o tempo cirurgico em pacientes com serios problemas cardio-respiratorios. Os casos sao apresentados sob os aspectos da sintomatologia, conduta operatoria e resultados
Subject(s)
Hernia, Diaphragmatic, TraumaticABSTRACT
Os autores fazem a apresentacao de 2 casos de diverticulo de Zenker. Enfantizam sua conduta cirurgica utilizando a endoscopia transoperatoria que facilita a disseccao do saco diverticular notadamente na presenca de peridiverticulite. Comentam acerca da fisiopatologia, quadro clinico e fazem uma analise critica dos procedimentos cirurgicos utilizados
Subject(s)
Diverticulum, Esophageal , Surgical Procedures, OperativeABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam sua experiencia com o retalho miocutaneo peitoral maior na cirurgia reparadora do cancer da regiao da cabeca e pescoco. Mostram em detalhes a tecnica e tatica cirurgica e apresentam uma modificacao na qual o retalho e passado por baixo da clavicula
Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms , Surgery, Plastic , Surgical FlapsABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam um caso inedito de reconstrucao imediata total do arco mandibular e assoalho de boca com retalho osteomiocutaneo bilateral do trapezio e escapula, seguindo resseccao de cancer avancado da boca, num unico tempo cirurgico. Sao apresentadas uma descricao detalhada das consideracoes anatomicas e tecnica cirurgica. Os varios tipos de retalhos osseos para reconstrucao mandibular sao discutidos. Experiencia com este retalho sugere que ele pode ser o mais versatil e confiavel em largas reparacoes de mandibula e assoalho de boca