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1.
Pathogens ; 13(9)2024 Sep 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39339005

ABSTRACT

Temperature is a determining factor for the viral cycle. In this study, we investigate the effect of different temperatures on the cycles of two important arboviruses-Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV)-in Vero (mammalian) and C6/36 (mosquito) cells. We compare genome quantification to infectivity at 28 °C and 37 °C in both cell types. Virus-cell interaction was also examined by transmission electron microscopy, allowing the observation of phenomena such as virus-surfing and giant forms for CHIKV, as well as the the scarcity of ZIKV in C6/36 cells compared to its cycle in mammalian cells.

2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39072771

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Describe the characteristics and changes in the profile of women who sought care after experiencing sexual violence (SV) during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a Brazilian city. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study. Data from emergency care and legal abortion requests of women assisted at the Women's Health Care Center Hospital (School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil) due to SV experienced between March 23 and August 23, 2020 (Quarantine Group, QG), were collected and compared with data from the same period of the previous biennium (Comparison Group, CG). χ2 and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare groups; the significance level was 5%. RESULTS: Data for 236 women were analyzed; 70 women were included in the QG and 166 in the CG. In the QG, there was a restriction in the area of origin of women, with a higher proportion of women who lived in Campinas (P = 0.0007) and a higher frequency of chronic SV (P = 0,035). There were no rapes associated with the use of social media or apps in the QG, but 9.8% of women in the CG experienced rape associated with the use of social media or apps. There were higher rates of domestic violence (P = 0.022) and intimidation through physical force (P = 0.011) in the first two months. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 quarantine affected the profile of women who sought care after experiencing SV. The quarantine resulted in changes in the area of origin of patients, hindering access to health services and leading to higher rates of chronic and domestic SV, particularly in the first 2 months of the pandemic.

3.
Primate Biol ; 11(1): 1-11, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39045308

ABSTRACT

​​​​​​​The so-called arc of deforestation is a major agricultural and industrial frontier in southern Amazonia and northern Cerrado of Brazil. As arboreal mammals, the primates in this region are therefore threatened by forest loss and fragmentation. At the same time, knowledge about the taxonomic diversity and distribution ranges of these taxa is incomplete, which might hamper efficient conservation measurements. New species have been recently discovered in this region, and their ranges remain imprecise because only a few occurrence records are available for each species. Here we present 192 new records of 22 species and subspecies of Alouatta, Aotus, Ateles, Cebus, Chiropotes, Lagothrix, Leontocebus, Pithecia, Plecturocebus, Saimiri, and Sapajus, collected in 56 different localities during 10 field expeditions across the arc of deforestation between 2015 and 2018. Based on these new records, we extend the ranges of Alouatta puruensis, Ateles chamek, and Saimiri collinsi; identify potential hybridization zones between A. puruensis and A. discolor, and between At. chamek and At. marginatus; redefine the range of Plecturocebus moloch; and clarify the ranges of P. baptista and P. hoffmannsi. Moreover, these results and the dataset are valuable for further research on, for example, species distribution and habitat use modeling, for assessing species extinction risks, and for supporting efforts for the conservation of species increasingly threatened on a global deforestation frontier.

4.
Pharmaceutics ; 16(6)2024 Jun 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38931948

ABSTRACT

Nanocapsules provide selective delivery and increase the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. In this study, we examined the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential of Fridericia chica (crajiru) extract encapsulated in nanocapsules targeting myeloid leukemias. Nanocapsules containing crajiru (nanocapsules-CRJ) were prepared via interfacial polymer deposition and solvent displacement. Size and polydispersity were measured by dynamic light scattering. Biological assays were performed on leukemia cell lines HL60 and K562 and on non-cancerous Vero cells and human PBMC. The anticancer activity was evaluated using cytotoxicity and clonogenic assays, while the immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by measuring the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in PBMC supernatants treated with concentrations of nanocapsules-CRJ. Nanocapsules-CRJ exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against HL60 and K562 cells at concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 50 µg/mL, with the greatest reductions in cell viability observed at 50 µg/mL (p < 0.001 for HL60; p < 0.01 for K562), while not affecting non-cancerous Vero cells and human PBMCs. At concentrations of 25 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL, nanocapsules-CRJ reduced the formation of HL60 and K562 colonies by more than 90% (p < 0.0001). Additionally, at a concentration of 12 µg/mL, nanocapsules-CRJ induced the production of the cytokines IL-6 (p = 0.0002), IL-10 (p = 0.0005), IL-12 (p = 0.001), and TNF-α (p = 0.005), indicating their immunomodulatory potential. These findings suggest that nanocapsules-CRJ hold promise as a potential therapeutic agent with both cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties.

5.
J Voice ; 2024 May 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38760252

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze self-esteem, self-satisfaction with voice, and self-assessment with descriptive terms of one's own voice among Brazilian LGBTQIAPN+ people. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational, qualitative-quantitative study. METHODS: The study included any person who identified as Brazilian LGBTQIAPN+ and excluded those under 18 years old. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Descriptive terms of one's own voice (which were analyzed with text processing techniques). The 10 terms most listed as positive or negative were selected for simple logistic regression associated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The alpha level of significance used in all analyses was 5%. RESULTS: The study considered the responses from 411 participants. It is noteworthy that 92.45% (n = 380) of the studied population identified as cisgender. Among the participants, 28 were classified as having unsatisfactory self-esteem, 208 as having average self-esteem, and 178 as having satisfactory self-esteem. Individuals with unsatisfactory scores described themselves using terms such as "high," "boring," "ugly," "unfriendly," and "masculine," while those with average scores used terms like "insecure," "nasal," "out of tune," and "high." Those with satisfactory scores associated themselves with terms such as "expressive," "sympathetic," "kind," "pleasant," and "stable." The terms "cheerful," "adequate," and "boring" significantly associated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.score. CONCLUSION: LGBTQIAPN+ people with unsatisfactory self-esteem referred to their voices with negative descriptive terms, similar to people with average self-esteem, who often did not select any positive term. On the other hand, people with satisfactory self-esteem assessed their voices with positive descriptive terms and few negative adjectives. People with satisfactory scores are more likely to think that their voice is "cheerful" and less likely to consider it "adequate" or "boring" than people with unsatisfactory scores on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The majority of participants were cisgender homosexual males, thus caution should be exercised in generalizing the data to the entire community.

6.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care ; 29(3): 131-137, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38683765

ABSTRACT

METHODS: Retrospective cohort study with review of medical records of women assisted between 2015 and 2020. The variables were socio-demographic and SV characteristics, gestational age, reactions towards pregnancy and outcome. We compared outcome groups using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance level was 5%. RESULTS: We evaluated the medical records of 235 women, of which 153(65%) had undergone to abortion; 17(7.2%) had a spontaneous abortion; 19(8%) remained pregnant; 25(10.6%) had an abortion denied; and 21(8.9%) had been lost to follow-up. Out of the total number of women, 44(18.7%) were adolescents, 152(65.2%) were white and 201(88.5%) had an education ≥9 years. Women who remained pregnant had a known aggressor, disclosed the pregnancy (p < 0.001) and were more ambivalent (p < 0.001) than the other groups. Gestational age was higher in the denied abortion group than in the performed abortion group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Feelings related to decision-making about abortion affected all groups, with differences. It is important to give women space to be heard, so they can make their own decisions.


Abortion care is possible in places with restrictive laws; however, women with more vulnerable characteristics did not seek the service. Legal restrictions interfere with women's decision-making about abortion and can promote inequality in gaining access to health services.


Subject(s)
Abortion, Legal , Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Brazil , Adult , Abortion, Legal/legislation & jurisprudence , Abortion, Legal/statistics & numerical data , Abortion, Legal/psychology , Young Adult , Adolescent , Abortion, Induced/legislation & jurisprudence , Abortion, Induced/psychology , Abortion, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Gestational Age , Pregnancy Outcome , Abortion, Spontaneous/psychology , Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology
7.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535322

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Adaptar lingüística y culturalmente el cuestionario Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI) al español chileno. Metodología: Se realizó la traducción directa al español chileno del SVHI y posteriormente la retrotraducción al idioma original inglés; ambas traducciones fueron revisadas por un juicio de expertos bilingües, quienes definieron qué ítems conformarían la primera versión de la herramienta traducida. Esta versión fue respondida por 15 cantantes chilenos con diagnóstico de disfonía, con el objetivo de identificar discrepancias, las que fueron revisadas y consensuadas por el comité de expertos; una segunda versión modificada fue aplicada a 5 cantantes más con diagnóstico de disfonía, no encontrándose en esta fase preguntas incomprendidas o inapropiadas para la cultura chilena. Resultados: Se modificaron 5 de los 9 ítems cuestionados para llegar la versión final que refleja la versión original del inglés, tanto en la cantidad de ítems como en los dominios de la encuesta. Limitaciones: Por la cantidad de personas participantes, se pudo realizar solamente la adaptación cultural y no la validación del instrumento que considere puntajes de corte para la población estudiada. Por lo tanto, la herramienta puede ser usada para realizar un análisis cualitativo y no cuantitativo. Valor: Contar con esta encuesta traducida, siguiendo un proceso metodológico riguroso, permite que cantantes chilenos manifiesten su desventaja vocal relacionada con el canto, además de identificar los dominios más afectados y, de esa forma, planificar de manera más específica la intervención vocal. Conclusión: Se cuenta con el cuestionario Índice de desventaja en voz cantada para el español chileno para su aplicación al idioma y cultura chilena.


Purpose: To adapt the Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI) questionnaire linguistically and culturally to Chilean Spanish. Methodology: The SVHI was directly translated into Chilean Spanish and later back-translated into the original English language; both translations were reviewed by a judgment of bilingual experts, who defined which items would make up the first version of the translated tool. This version was answered by 15 Chilean singers with a diagnosis of dysphonia, with the aim of identifying discrepancies, which were reviewed and agreed upon by the committee of experts; a second modified version was applied to 5 more singers with a diagnosis of dysphonia, not finding misunderstood or inappropriate questions for Chilean culture at this stage. Results: 5 of the 9 items questioned were modified to reach the final version that reflects the original English version, both in the number of items and in the domains of the survey. Limitations: Due to the number of participating people, only the cultural adaptation could be carried out and not the validation of the instrument that considers cut-off scores for the population studied. Therefore, the tool can be used to carry out a qualitative and not quantitative analysis. Value: Having this survey translated, following a rigorous methodological process, allows Chilean singers to express their singing-related vocal disadvantage and identify the most affected domains and, thus, plan the vocal intervention more specifically. Conclusion: The Singing Voice Disadvantage Index questionnaire for Chilean Spanish is available for its application to the Chilean language and culture.

8.
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet ; 45(11): e661-e675, 2023 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38029768

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the loss to follow-up after emergency care and during 6-months of outpatient follow-up, and the associated variables, among adolescent sexual violence survivors. METHODS: This is a retrospective study with review of the medical records of 521 females, aged 10 to 18 years, who received emergency care in a referral service in São Paulo, Brazil. The variables were sociodemographic; personal history; characteristics of abuse, disclosure, and reactions triggered after abuse (physical and mental disorders as well as social changes), psychotropic prescription needs, and moment of abandonment: after emergency care and before completing 6 months of outpatient follow-up. To compare groups of patients lost to follow-up at each time point, we used the Chi-square and Fisher exact tests followed by multiple logistic regression with stepwise criterion for selection of associated variables. We calculated the odds ratio with confidence interval (OR, CI 95%). The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: A total of 249/521 (47.7%) adolescents discontinued follow-up, 184 (35.3%) after emergency care and 65 (12.4%) before completing outpatient follow-up. The variables of living with a partner (OR = 5.94 [CI 95%; 2.49-14.20]); not having a religion (OR = 2.38 [CI 95%;1.29-4.38)]), having a Catholic religion [OR = 2.11 (CI 95%; 1.17-3.78)]; and not disclosing the abuse [OR = 2.07 (CI 95%; 1.25-3.44)] were associated with loss to follow-up after emergency care. Not needing mental disorder care (OR = 2.72 [CI 95%; 1.36-5.46]) or social support (OR = 2.33 [CI 95%; 1.09-4.99]) were directly associated with loss to outpatient follow-up. CONCLUSION: Measures to improve adherence to follow-up should be aimed at adolescents who live with a partner and those who do not tell anyone about the violence.


OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a perda de seguimento de adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual após o atendimento de emergência, durante o seguimento ambulatorial e as variáveis associadas. MéTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com a revisão de prontuários de 521 mulheres de 10 a 18 anos, que buscaram atendimento de emergência em um serviço de referência em São Paulo, Brasil. As variáveis foram sociodemográficas; antecedentes pessoais; características do abuso, atitude de revelação e reações desencadeadas após o abuso (distúrbios físicos, mentais e mudanças sociais), necessidades de prescrição de psicotrópicos e momento do abandono: após atendimento de emergência e antes de completar 6 meses de seguimento ambulatorial. Para comparar os grupos de perda de seguimento em cada momento, foram utilizados os testes do qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, seguidos de regressão logística múltipla com critério stepwise para seleção das variáveis associadas. Calculamos a razão de probabilidade com intervalo de confiança (RP, IC 95%). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Um total de 249 (47,7%) das adolescentes descontinuaram o acompanhamento, 184 (35.3%) após o atendimento de emergência e 65 (12.4%) antes de completar o seguimento ambulatorial. As variáveis de viver com companheiro [RP = 5,94 (IC 95%; 2,49­14,20]; não ter religião [RP = 2,38 (IC 95%;1,29­4,38)], ter religião católica [RP = 2,11 (IC 95%; 1,17­3,78)] e não revelar o abuso [RP = 2,07 (IC 95%; 1,25­3,44)] foram associadas à perda de seguimento após o atendimento de emergência. Não necessitar de cuidados de saúde mental (RP = 2,72 [IC 95%; 1,36­5,46]) ou apoio social (RP = 2,33 [IC 95%; 1,09­4,99]) foram as variáveis associadas à perda do seguimento ambulatorial. CONCLUSãO: Medidas para melhorar a adesão ao seguimento devem ser direcionadas às adolescentes que vivem com parceiro e às que não revelam a violência sofrida.


Subject(s)
Emergency Medical Services , Sex Offenses , Humans , Adolescent , Female , Retrospective Studies , Outpatients , Follow-Up Studies , Brazil
9.
Invest New Drugs ; 41(5): 629-637, 2023 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37452982

ABSTRACT

The discovery and development of effective novel compounds is paramount in oncology for improving cancer therapy. In this study, we developed a new derivative of spiroindolone (7',8'-Dimethoxy-1',3'-dimethyl-1,2,3',4'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,5'- pyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin]-2-one) and evaluated its anticancer- and immunomodulatory potential in a vitro model of chronic leukemia. We utilized the chronic leukemia cell line K562, as well as non-cancerous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Vero cells (kidney epithelium of Cercopithecus aethiops). We assessed the cytotoxicity of the compound using the MTT assay, and performed cell cycle assays to determine its impact on different stages of the cell cycle. To evaluate its antineoplastic activity, we conducted a colony formation test to measure the effect of the compound on the clonal growth of cancer cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of the compound by measuring the levels of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The study findings demonstrate that the spiroindolone-derived compound exerted noteworthy cytotoxic effects against K562 cells, with an IC50 value of 25.27 µg/mL. Additionally, it was observed that the compound inhibited the clonal proliferation of K562 cells while displaying minimal toxicity to normal cells. The compound exhibited its antiproliferative activity by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest, preventing the entry of K562 cells into mitosis. Notably, the compound demonstrated an immunomodulatory effect by upregulating the production of cytokines IL-6 and IL-12/23p40. In conclusion, the spiroindolone-derived compound evaluated in this study has demonstrated significant potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Further investigations are warranted to explore its clinical applications.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Humans , Animals , Chlorocebus aethiops , Leukocytes, Mononuclear , Vero Cells , Cell Proliferation , Apoptosis , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , K562 Cells , Cytokines/pharmacology , Indoles/pharmacology
10.
J Immunol Methods ; 518: 113503, 2023 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37263391

ABSTRACT

In recent years dengue has become a rapidly growing public health problem worldwide, however, the availability of accurate and affordable diagnostic immunoassays is limited, partly due to the difficulty of producing large quantities of purified antigen. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has shown to be a good candidate for inclusion in diagnostic assays and for serosurveys, particularly in endemic countries as a prerequisite for vaccination. In this work the NS1 antigen derived from dengue virus type-1 (DENV1) was expressed in HEK293-T cells and purified by affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein was recovered properly folded as dimers, highly purified and with good yield (1.5 mg/L). It was applied as a serological probe in an indirect ELISA developed in this work to detect human IgG antibodies. Preliminary comparative performance values of 81.1% sensitivity and 83.0% specificity of the developed and preliminary validated iELISA, relative to a commercial kit were obtained, suggesting that the purified recombinant DENV1 NS1 antigen is suitable to detect IgG antibodies, indicative of past DENV infection.


Subject(s)
Dengue Virus , Dengue , Virus Diseases , Animals , Humans , Dengue Virus/genetics , Dengue/diagnosis , HEK293 Cells , Sensitivity and Specificity , Antibodies, Viral , Viral Nonstructural Proteins , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Immunoglobulin G/metabolism , Mammals
11.
Article in Portuguese | CONASS, Coleciona SUS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1512120

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O ambulatório do Núcleo de Estudos, Pesquisa, Extensão e Assistência à Pessoa trans Professor Roberto Farina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Núcleo TransUnifesp (NTU) - desenvolve um conjunto de atividades transdisciplinares sobre transgeneridade e intersexualidade. Sua equipe é composta por profissionais de diferentes áreas que possuem como diretriz o cuidado do sujeito em sua integralidade. Objetivos: Descrever, na forma de relato de experiência, o perfil sociodemográfico das pessoas atendidas. Métodos: Estudo transversal exploratório sobre as características sociodemográficas das pessoas atendidas no ambulatório do NTU entre 2017 e 2022 (5 anos). As informações foram obtidas por autodeclaração a partir do preenchimento do cadastro por ocasião do acolhimento. Resultados: Dos 255 cadastros, verificamos que a idade das pessoas variou de 18 aos 73 anos (média 29,8 anos). Dessas, 109 (42,5%) declararam terem feito a retificação de seus documentos. Quanto à raça/cor, 143 (56,0%) se declararam brancas, 66 (25,8%) pardas, 29 (11,3%) pretas, 4 (1,5%) amarelas, 3 (1,1%) indígenas e de 10 (3,9%) não obtivemos informação. Do total, 191 (74,9%) referiram ser casadas, 48 (18,9%) solteiras e 16 (6,2%) não informaram. Em relação ao gênero, 122 (47,8%) são mulheres, 87 (34,1%) homens trans, 22 (8,6%) travestis, 10 (3,9%) não binárias, 3 (1,2%) sem gênero; 2 (0,8%) queer; 1 (0,4%) cross-dresser, 4 (1,5%) outra e 4 (1,5%) não informaram. Quanto à escolaridade, 21 (8,2%) possuem o fundamental incompleto, (2,3%) fundamental completo, 19 (7,4%) médio incompleto, 87 (34,1%) médio completo; 70 (27,4%) superior incompleto, 37 (14,5%) superior completo, 8 (3,1%) com pós-graduação e 7 (2,7%) não informaram. Quanto a procedência, 105 (41,2%) moram na capital (São Paulo) e 143 (56,1%) fora. Em relação à orientação sexual, 137 (53,7%) se declararam heterossexuais, 22 (8,6%) bissexuais, 17 (6,7%) homossexuais, 7 (2,7%) assexuais, 4 (1,6%) pansexuais, 6 (2,4%) com outras orientações e 62 (24,3%) não informaram. Do total, 41 (16%) eram estudantes, 38 (14,9%) trabalhadores(as) de serviços, 30 (11,7%) do comércio, 19 (7,4%) desempregadas, 17 (6,6%) trabalham como técnicas de nível médio, 16 (6,2%) na indústria, 12 (4,7%) em serviço administrativo, 12 (4,7%) e 11 (4,3%) como profissionais das ciências sociais ou humanas e ciências biológicas ou da saúde respectivamente, 10 (3,9%) educadoras, 7 (2,7%) do lar; 4 (1,5%) trabalhadoras da lavoura, 23 (9%) em outras ocupações e 15 (5,9%) não informaram. Três pessoas declararam serem trabalhadoras do sexo. Quanto aos procedimentos realizados previamente, 139 (54,5%) fizeram hormonização sem orientação de profissional de saúde, das quais 83 (59,7%) eram mulheres trans, 34 (24,4%) homens trans, 14 (10,0%) travestis, 4 (2,8%) pessoas de gênero não binário e outras 4 com outra identidade. Do total, 25 pessoas (9,8%) relataram a aplicação de silicone industrial. Quanto às demandas em saúde, a busca na clínica pela endocrinologia e saúde mental (psicologia e psiquiatria), e a mastectomia e neovulvovaginoplastia na cirurgia, foram as mais procuradas. Conclusões: A experiência de equipe do NTU reconhece a importância da atenção primária transdisciplinar como porta de entrada para o atendimento de pessoas trans, e da atenção especializada ofertada em rede, especialmente quando ligado à universidade, na produção de conhecimento e formação de profissionais, garantindo maior suporte em situações de demandas complexas, contribuindo com a ampliação do atendimento integral e com o acesso aos equipamentos de saúde específicos.

12.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 47(3): e097, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507849

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Introdução: Médicos e alunos de Medicina são grupos de risco para o suicídio e comportamento suicida. Comportamentos suicidas abrangem fenômenos que vão desde pensamentos, planejamentos, tentativas e até a morte por suicídio. Sabe-se pouco sobre o comportamento suicida entre estudantes de Medicina brasileiros. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a prevalência de ideação, planejamentos e tentativas suicidas em uma amostra de estudantes de graduação em Medicina do Brasil, e identificar os fatores sociodemográficos, de vida estudantil e de saúde mais associados a esses comportamentos. Método: Participaram do estudo 722 alunos do curso de Medicina da Unicamp, durante os anos de 2017 e 2018, que responderam de forma voluntária e anônima a um questionário amplo, que incluía dados sociodemográficos, de vida acadêmica e de comportamento suicida. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste de qui-quadrado, do teste de Mann-Whitney e da regressão logística múltipla. Adotou-se o nível de significância estatística de 95%. Resultado: As prevalências de pensamentos, planejamento e tentativas de suicídio ao longa da vida foram respectivamente 196 (27,3%), 64 (8,9%) e 26 (3,6%). Nos 30 dias que antecederam a pesquisa, 36 (5%) pensaram seriamente em pôr fim à própria vida, e 11 (1,5%) planejaram concretamente colocar fim a própria vida. Bullying, presença de transtorno mental, procura de assistência em saúde mental na universidade, uso de calmante sem prescrição médica, baixo nível socioeconômico, morar sozinho, religião (ateus, agnósticos e espiritualistas) e grau de religiosidade são os fatores que, conjuntamente, melhor explicam a chance de comportamento suicida. Conclusão: Alunos de Medicina apresentam prevalências importantes de comportamento suicida.


Abstract: Introduction: Physicians and medical students constitute groups at risk for suicide and suicidal behavior. Suicidal behaviors encompass phenomena ranging from thoughts, planning, and finally death by suicide. Little is known about suicidal behavior among Brazilian medical students. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning and suicide attempt in a sample of undergraduate medical students in Brazil, as well as to identify the sociodemographic, student life aspects and health factors most often associated with suicidal behavior. Method: A total of 722 medical students at Unicamp, during 2017 and 2018, voluntarily and anonymously answered a broad questionnaire, including sociodemographic data, aspects of academic life and suicidal behavior. A statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and multivariate logistic regression. A statistical significance level of 95% was adopted. Results: The lifetime prevalence rates of suicidal thoughts, planning and attempts were respectively 196 (27.3%), 64 (8.9%), and 26 (3.6%). In the 30 days prior to the survey, 36 (5%) seriously thought about ending their own lives, and 11 (1.5%) concretely planned to end their own lives. Bullying, presence of mental disorder, seeking mental health care at the university, use of sedatives without a prescription, low socioeconomic level, living alone, religion (atheists, agnostics and spiritualists) and degree of religiousness are the factors that, together, best explain the chance of suicidal behavior. Conclusion: Medical students show important prevalence rates of suicidal behavior.

13.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol. (En línea) ; 22(1): 1-17, 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451246

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio buscó adaptar lingüística y culturalmente el cuestionario de autovaloración vocal norteamericano Voice Handicap Index (VHI) al español chileno. Para esto se realizaron cuatro traducciones directas del VHI al español chileno de forma independiente. Luego, se consensuó una traducción general (TG) a partir del juicio de tres profesionales de la fonoaudiología. Esta TG fue traducida inversamente al idioma original para ser comparada con la versión original por el mismo grupo de profesionales de la fonoaudiología, llegando a la primera versión del Índice de Desventaja Vocal Chileno(IDV-Cl). Esta versión fue aplicada a veinte personas con diagnóstico de disfonía, considerando una escala Likert de frecuencia. Durante la adaptación, se consideró pertinente dejar constancia de las consignas no comprendidas o que resultaron inapropiadas culturalmente para el vocabulario chileno. De acuerdo con las observaciones recogidas, se revisó y modificó el instrumento, dando paso a la segunda versión del IDV-Cl, que fue aplicada a seis personas con diagnóstico de disfonía. En esta etapa no se plantearon nuevas sugerencias de cambio. El IDV-Cl refleja la versión original del inglés, tanto en la cantidad de ítems, como en los subcomponentes físico, funcional y emocional que lo conforman. Mediante la síntesis de esta encuesta se pudo obtener también una versión abreviada, que consta de diez ítems (IDV-Cl-10). En conclusión, se establece la equivalencia cultural y lingüística del cuestionario VHI en español chileno, del que se origina la versión IDV-Cl e IDV-Cl-10.


The present study aimed to linguistically and culturally adapt the North American vocal self-assessment questionnaire, Voice Handicap Index (VHI), to Chilean Spanish. To this end, four direct translations of the VHI were carried out independently into Chilean Spanish. Subsequently, a general translation (GT) was agreed upon based on the judgment of three speech-language therapists. This GT was back-translated into the original language and compared with the original version by the same group of speech therapy professionals, which resulted in the first version of the Chilean Índice de Desventaja Vocal [Vocal Disadvantage Index] (IDV-Cl). This version was then applied to twenty people diagnosed with dysphonia, using a Likert scale for frequency. During the adaptation, it was deemed pertinent to make a note of the statements that were not understood or were culturally inappropriate for the Chilean vocabulary. The instrument was revised and modified based on the observations made by the participants, thus creating a second version of the IDV-Cl, which was then applied to six people diagnosed with dysphonia. No new suggestions for change were made at this stage. The IDV-Cl reflects the original version in English, both in the number of items and in the physical, functional, and emotional subcomponents that comprise it. Through the synthesis of this survey, it was also possible to obtain an abbreviated version, consisting of ten items (IDV-Cl-10). In conclusion, the cultural and linguistic equivalence of the VHI questionnaire in Chilean Spanish is established, resulting in the IDV-Cl and IDV-Cl-10 versions of this instrument.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Surveys and Questionnaires , Dysphonia/diagnosis , Dysphonia/psychology , Psychometrics , Quality of Life , Translating , Chile , Self-Testing
14.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet;45(11): 661-675, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529890

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To assess the loss to follow-up after emergency care and during 6-months of outpatient follow-up, and the associated variables, among adolescent sexual violence survivors. Methods This is a retrospective study with review of the medical records of 521 females, aged 10 to 18 years, who received emergency care in a referral service in São Paulo, Brazil. The variables were sociodemographic; personal history; characteristics of abuse, disclosure, and reactions triggered after abuse (physical and mental disorders as well as social changes), psychotropic prescription needs, and moment of abandonment: after emergency care and before completing 6 months of outpatient follow-up. To compare groups of patients lost to follow-up at each time point, we used the Chi-square and Fisher exact tests followed by multiple logistic regression with stepwise criterion for selection of associated variables. We calculated the odds ratio with confidence interval (OR, CI 95%). The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results A total of 249/521 (47.7%) adolescents discontinued follow-up, 184 (35.3%) after emergency care and 65 (12.4%) before completing outpatient follow-up. The variables of living with a partner (OR = 5.94 [CI 95%; 2.49-14.20]); not having a religion (OR = 2.38 [CI 95%;1.29-4.38)]), having a Catholic religion [OR = 2.11 (CI 95%; 1.17-3.78)]; and not disclosing the abuse [OR = 2.07 (CI 95%; 1.25-3.44)] were associated with loss to follow-up after emergency care. Not needing mental disorder care (OR = 2.72 [CI 95%; 1.36-5.46]) or social support (OR = 2.33 [CI 95%; 1.09-4.99]) were directly associated with loss to outpatient follow-up. Conclusion Measures to improve adherence to follow-up should be aimed at adolescents who live with a partner and those who do not tell anyone about the violence.


Resumo Objetivos Avaliar a perda de seguimento de adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual após o atendimento de emergência, durante o seguimento ambulatorial e as variáveis associadas. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com a revisão de prontuários de 521 mulheres de 10 a 18 anos, que buscaram atendimento de emergência em um serviço de referência em São Paulo, Brasil. As variáveis foram sociodemográficas; antecedentes pessoais; características do abuso, atitude de revelação e reações desencadeadas após o abuso (distúrbios físicos, mentais e mudanças sociais), necessidades de prescrição de psicotrópicos e momento do abandono: após atendimento de emergência e antes de completar 6 meses de seguimento ambulatorial. Para comparar os grupos de perda de seguimento em cada momento, foram utilizados os testes do qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, seguidos de regressão logística múltipla com critério stepwise para seleção das variáveis associadas. Calculamos a razão de probabilidade com intervalo de confiança (RP, IC 95%). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Um total de 249 (47,7%) das adolescentes descontinuaram o acompanhamento, 184 (35.3%) após o atendimento de emergência e 65 (12.4%) antes de completar o seguimento ambulatorial. As variáveis de viver com companheiro [RP = 5,94 (IC 95%; 2,49-14,20]; não ter religião [RP = 2,38 (IC 95%;1,29-4,38)], ter religião católica [RP = 2,11 (IC 95%; 1,17-3,78)] e não revelar o abuso [RP = 2,07 (IC 95%; 1,25-3,44)] foram associadas à perda de seguimento após o atendimento de emergência. Não necessitar de cuidados de saúde mental (RP = 2,72 [IC 95%; 1,36-5,46]) ou apoio social (RP = 2,33 [IC 95%; 1,09-4,99]) foram as variáveis associadas à perda do seguimento ambulatorial. Conclusão Medidas para melhorar a adesão ao seguimento devem ser direcionadas às adolescentes que vivem com parceiro e às que não revelam a violência sofrida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Rape , Sex Offenses , Retrospective Studies , Lost to Follow-Up
15.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 10(10)2022 Oct 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36292544

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to describe the health conditions (the psychosocial aspects, sleep quality, and musculoskeletal symptoms) among Brazilian healthcare workers in the context of the pandemic. Workers answered an online questionnaire, including the short version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The most unfavourable psychosocial factors were work pace (61%; 95% CI: 52-69%), emotional work demands (75%; 95% CI: 67-82%), predictability (47%; 95% CI: 39-56%), work-family conflict (55%; 95% CI: 46-64%), burnout (86%; 95% CI: 78-91%), and stress (81%; 95% CI: 73-87%). Most workers (74%; 95% CI: 66-81%) were classified as poor sleepers. Musculoskeletal symptoms were frequent in the neck (64%; 95% CI: 55-72%), shoulders (62%; 95% CI: 54-70%), upper back (58%; 95% CI: 50-67%), and lower back (61%; 95% CI: 52-69%). Depressive symptoms were also highly prevalent (mild: 22%; 95% CI: 15-30%, moderate: 16%; 95% CI: 11-23%, severe: 8%; 95% CI: 4-14%). Most healthcare workers experience unfavourable psychosocial factors, poor sleep quality, as well as musculoskeletal and depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the urgent need to acknowledge and address psychological and physical distress to improve the personal and professional well-being of this population.

16.
Rev. Bras. Odontol. Leg. RBOL ; 9(2): 72-85, 2022-10-10.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1524834

ABSTRACT

A estimativa da idade utilizando dentes humanos é realizada por várias ciências. Enquanto na odontologia e antropologia forense o significado desta estimativa está associado à idade cronológica em indivíduos vivos ou mortos, na arqueologia o significado é outro, e reflete o tempo decorrido desde a formação do dente até a sua descoberta no sítio arqueológico, a chamada datação arqueológica. Diante do potencial uso da datação para identificação de corpos antigos (fossilizados) na área forense, o objetivo deste trabalho é abordar a estimativa da idade de dentes sob a perspectiva da arqueologia, por meio do principal método de datação utilizado: o da espectroscopia por ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (RPE). Com o intuito de verificar as principais aplicações deste método na datação de dentes humanos, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura. Os 18 artigos selecionados mostram que a espectroscopia RPE encontra-se consolidada como método de datação para dentes humanos e tem sido aplicada com sucesso nas últimas décadas, na solução de problemas de diversas pesquisas arqueológicas, ajudando a elucidar questionamentos acerca da dinâmica de ocupação, interações interespecíficas e extinção de várias espécies humanas que habitaram a Terra nas últimas centenas de milhares de anos


Age estimation using human teeth is performed by several fields of knowledge. While in forensic dentistry and anthropology the meaning of this estimate is associated with chronological age in living or dead individuals, in archaeology, the meaning is different and reflects the time elapsed from the formation of the tooth until its discovery at the archaeological site, the so-called archaeological dating. Faced with the potential use of archaeological dating to identify ancient (fossilized) bodies in the forensic area, the aim of this work is to approach the age estimation of teeth from the perspective of archaeology, through the main dating method used: Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. In order to verify the main applications of this method for the dating of human teeth, a literature review was carried out. 18 articles were selected and show that ESR spectroscopy is consolidated as a dating method for human teeth and it has been applied, successfully over the last few decades, in the solution of problems of several archaeological researches, helping to clarify questions about the dynamics of occupation, interspecific interactions and extinction of several human species that have inhabited the Earth in the last few hundred thousand years

17.
Trop Med Infect Dis ; 7(7)2022 Jun 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35878126

ABSTRACT

Using collection methods for Aedes adults as surveillance tools provides reliable indices and arbovirus detection possibilities. This study compared the effectiveness of different methods for collecting Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and detecting arboviruses circulating in field-caught female specimens. Collection sites were defined in urban, peri-urban, and rural landscapes in two Brazilian cities. Collections were performed using Adultraps (ADT), BG-Sentinel (BGS), CDC-like traps (CDC), and indoor (ASP-I) and outdoor (ASP-O) aspiration during the rainy and dry seasons of 2015 and 2016. Generalized linear mixed models were used to model the effectiveness of each collection method. A total of 434 Ae. aegypti and 393 Ae. albopictus were collected. In total, 64 Ae. aegypti and sixteen Ae. albopictus female pools were tested for DENV, CHIKV, ZIKV, or YFV; none were positive. Positivity and density were linear at low densities (<1 specimen); thereafter, the relationship became non-linear. For Ae. aegypti, ADT and CDC were less effective, and ASP-I and ASP-O were as effective as BGS. For Ae. albopictus, all collection methods were less effective than BGS. This study highlights the need for an integrated surveillance method as an effective tool for monitoring Aedes vectors.

18.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet;44(7): 667-677, July 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394808

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To compare the sexual violence suffered by women in early and late adolescence, the reactions triggered after the aggression, and the care provided. Methods A retrospective study in which we reviewed the medical records of 521 female adolescents treated by a multidisciplinary team at a reference hospital in the city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed sociodemographic variables, and those pertainin to the characteristics of the episodes of violence, the emergency care, and the physical and psychological reactions observed during the follow-up. For the analysis, the sample was divided into groups of early (10 to 14 years) and late (15 to 18 years) adolescence. We used the Chi-squared/Fisher Exact, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare the groups; the level of significance adopted was 5%. Results The early group (n= 242) contained more adolescents who were enrolled in school (p< 0.001), suffered more daytime aggressions (p= 0.031), in their residences (p< 0.001), by an aggressor with whom they were acquainted (p< 0.001), had greater need of legal protection (p= 0.001), and took longer to seek care (p= 0.048). Feelings of guilt, shame, and the perception of violence were similar between the groups. In the late group (n= 279), there was greater consumption of alcohol during the aggression (p= 0,005); they received significantly more prophylaxis treatments; reported more physical symptoms (p= 0.033), sleep disorders (p= 0.003), symptoms of anxiety (p= 0.045), and feelings of anguish (p= 0.011); and had more prescriptions of psychotropics (p= 0.005). Only 52% completed the 6-month follow-up, with no differences between the groups. Conclusion The age groups showed differences in the characteristics of the episodes of violence; early adolescents took longer to seek help, and the late group presented more intense symptoms and psychological worsening during the follow-up. Measures of prevention and specific care aimed at this population are needed.


Resumo Objetivo Comparar a violência sexual sofrida por vítimas no início e no final da adolescência, as reações desencadeadas após a agressão, e o cuidado de saúde dispensado. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, em que foram revisados os prontuários de 521 mulheres adolescentes atendidas por equipe multiprofissional em hospital de referência em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. As variáveis foram sociodemográficas, e aquelas relativas às características da violência, ao atendimento de emergência, e às reações físicas e psicológicas observadas durante o seguimento nos grupos de adolescentes de idade precoce (10a 14 anos) e tardia (15 a 18 anos). Utilizamos os testes do Qui-quadrado/Exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis para comparar os grupos; adotamos o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados O grupo precoce (n= 242) continha maior número de estudantes (p< 0,001), que sofreram mais agressões diurnas (p= 0,031), em suas residências (p< 0,001), por agressor conhecido (p< 0,001), tiveram maior necessidade de proteção legal (p= 0,001), e demoraram mais a procurar atendimento (p= 0,048). Sentimentos de culpa, vergonha e a percepção da violência foram similares entre os grupos. No grupo tardio (n= 279) houve maior consumo de álcool durante a agressão (p= 0,005); as adolescentes receberam significativamente mais tratamentos de profilaxia; relataram mais sintomas físicos (p= 0,033), distúrbios do sono (p= 0,003), sintomas de ansiedade (p= 0,045), e sentimentos de angústia (p= 0,011); e receberam mais prescrições de psicotrópicos (p= 0,005). Apenas 52% completaram o seguimento de 6 meses, sem diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão Os grupos apresentaram diferenças nas características da violência; as adolescentes precoces chegaram mais tardiamente ao serviço, e o grupo tardio apresentou maior sintomatologia e piora psicológica no seguimento. São necessárias medidas de prevenção e cuidados específicos voltados a essa população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Sex Offenses , Mental Health , Retrospective Studies , Emergency Medical Services
19.
Insects ; 13(5)2022 May 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35621811

ABSTRACT

Culex Flavivirus (CxFV) is a classical insect-specific virus, which has aroused interest after the first indication that it can produce in nature superinfection exclusion of viruses of medical interest such as West Nile. Despite the detection of CxFV in different regions, CxFV ecology and the influence of co-circulation of arboviruses remains poorly understood. Therefore, our primary goals are to observe the occurrence of CxFV infection in mosquitoes trapped in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, characterize the virus circulating, and provide isolates. A prospective study was carried out for eight months on the campus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, trapping adult mosquitoes. The CxFV minimum infection rates were determined in this period, and the virus isolation process is fully described. Samples from this study were grouped into genotype 2, along with CxFV sequences from Latin America and Africa.

20.
J Am Nutr Assoc ; 41(8): 788-795, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35512757

ABSTRACT

Dysbiosis is recognized as a new cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor in hemodialysis (HD) patients because it is linked to increased generation in the gut of uremic toxins such as trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) from dietary precursors (choline, betaine, or L-carnitine). Nutritional strategies have been proposed to modulate the gut microbiota and reduce the production of these toxins. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of amylose-resistant starch (RS) supplementation on TMAO plasma levels in HD patients.We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT02706808) with patients undergoing HD enrolled in a previous pilot study. The participants were allocated to RS or placebo groups to receive 16 g/d of RS or placebo for 4 weeks. Plasma TMAO, choline, and betaine levels were measured with LC-MS/MS. Fecal microbiome composition was evaluated by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, followed by a search for TMA-associated taxa. Anthropometric, routine biochemical parameters, and food intake were evaluated.Twenty-five participants finished the study, 13 in the RS group, and 12 in the placebo group. RS supplementation did not reduce TMAO plasma levels. Moreover, no significant alterations were observed in choline, betaine, anthropometric, biochemical parameters, or food intake in both groups. Likewise, RS was not found to exert any influence on the proportion of potential TMA-producing bacterial taxa in fecal matter.RS supplementation did not influence plasma TMAO, choline, betaine, or fecal taxa potentially linked to TMAO. Thus, RS does not seem to modify the TMA-associated bacterial taxa, precursors of TMAO.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2021.1967814 .


Subject(s)
Betaine , Resistant Starch , Humans , Pilot Projects , Chromatography, Liquid , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Choline , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Bacteria , Dietary Supplements
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