Revolutionizing Glucose Monitoring: Enzyme-Free 2D-MoS2 Nanostructures for Ultra-Sensitive Glucose Sensors with Real-Time Health-Monitoring Capabilities.

The growing requirement for real-time monitoring of health factors such as heart rate, temperature, and blood glucose levels has resulted in an increase in demand for electrochemical sensors. This study focuses on enzyme-free glucose sensors based on 2D-MoS2 nanostructures explored by simple hydrothermal route. The 2D-MoS2 nanostructures were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS techniques and were immobilized at GCE to obtain MoS2-GCE interface. The fabricated interface was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy which shows less charge transfer resistance and demonstrated superior electrocatalytic properties of the modified surface. The sensing interface was applied for the detection of glucose using amperometry. The MoS2-GCE-sensing interface responded effectively as a nonenzymatic glucose sensor (NEGS) over a linearity range of 0.01-0.20 µM with a very low detection limit of 22.08 ng mL-1. This study demonstrates an easy method for developing a MoS2-GCE interface, providing a potential option for the construction of flexible and disposable nonenzymatic glucose sensors (NEGS). Moreover, the fabricated MoS2-GCE electrode precisely detected glucose molecules in real blood serum and urine samples of diabetic and nondiabetic persons. These findings suggest that 2D-MoS2 nanostructured materials show considerable promise as a possible option for hyperglycemia detection and therapy. Furthermore, the development of NEGS might create new prospects in the glucometer industry.

Non-enzymatic glucose sensors composed of trimetallic CuO/Ag/NiO based composite materials.

The escalating risk of diabetes and its consequential impact on cardiac, vascular, ocular, renal, and neural systems globally have compelled researchers to devise cost-effective, ultrasensitive, and reliable electrochemical glucose sensors for the early diagnosis of diabetes. Herein, we utilized advanced composite materials based on nanoporous CuO, CuO/Ag, and CuO/Ag/NiO for glucose detection. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of the synthesized materials were ascertained via powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The electro-catalytic properties of the manufactured electrode materials for glucose electro-oxidation in alkaline conditions were probed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Notably, the CuO/Ag/NiO electrode material exhibited exceptional performance as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor, displaying a linear range of 0.001-5.50 mM, an ultrahigh sensitivity of 2895.3 µA mM-1 cm-2, and a low detection limit of 0.1 µM. These results suggest that nanoporous CuO/Ag/NiO-based composite materials are a promising candidate for early diagnosis of hyperglycemia and treatment of diabetes. Furthermore, non-enzymatic glucose sensors may pave the way for novel glucometer markets.