[THE ROLE OF LYMPHOCYTIC RNA IN THE INTERCELLULAR INFORMATION EXCHANGE AND IN THE REGULATION OF REGENERATIVE PROCESSES].

The review presents facts telling about the involvement of RNA of lymphocytes into regulation of proliferation and differentiation of cells in various tissues. There are considered: transport mechanisms of exogenous RNAs in cells, the role of non-coding RNAs molecules in the regulation of embryonic and postnatal morphogenesis. The long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs of T-lymphocytes are characterized, also there is made a comparative analysis of different microR-NAs expression in T cells and the regulatory effects of these molecules in reparative processes. There are described the RNA technologies, stimulating the anti-tumor immunity and regeneration of damaged tissues used in clinical practice, and also the perspectives of creating new treatments based on the use of RNA preparations.

[INFLUENCE OF TOTAL RNA SPLENIC LYMPHOID CELLS ON ERYTHROPOIESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL POLYCYTHEMIA].

Total RNA, isolated from rat spleen's lymphoid cells during the period of hematopoietic tissue's reparative regeneration, has a remarkable activating effect on the processes of erythroblastic islet formation in vivo and in vitro. Total RNA, isolated from normal rat spleen's lymphoid cells, restores depressed erythropoiesis in erythroblastic islets up to physiological level.

Transfer of signs of aging to young mice by splenic lymphoid cells from old syngeneic donors.

Single intraperitoneal injection of splenic lymphoid cells from 20-month-old mice to 2-month-old syngeneic mice (similarly as 5-day injections of purified brain extract) leads to preterm (4 months earlier than in the control) appearance of aging factor in the blood (the main sign of old age). Combined injections of brain extract and splenic lymphoid cells led to the appearance of aging factor in the blood 5 months earlier than in the control.

Changes in antigenic characteristics of erythrocytes and number metaphase chromosome in bone marrow cells after experimental and clinical bone marrow transplantation.

Transplantation of allogenic bone marrow from HLA-identical sibs to patients with acute and chronic leukemia receiving immunosuppressive therapy is associated with the appearance of erythrocytes simultaneously carrying donor and recipient antigenic markers: AB0 system, rhesus factor and its subtypes, M and N antigens. Integration of genes responsible for each antigen is realized independently presumably at the level of stem cell, which ensures long-term (>3 years) repopulation of these erythrocytes. Experiments on inbred mice showed that transplantation of allogenic bone marrow is associated with an increase of chromosome number in 39% bone marrow cells 4 days after transplantation, which indicate the possibility of integration of whole chromosomes.

[Reparative processes and immunity]. / Reparativnye protsessy i immunitet.

The published and author's data concerning changes in formation of antibodies to T-dependent antigen during regeneration of various organs in mammals are summarized. Significance of stress, functional transgression of the injured organs, products of tissue degradation and degree of organ tissue deficit for postoperative stimulation of antibody formation has been discussed. Interaction between the organ antigens and lymphoid tissue was shown to be important for changes of immunoreactivity. Dependence of the immune system postoperative stimulation on the organ tissue deficit is connected with the increase of the T-helpers/T-suppressors ratio in the spleen of operated animals. It has been proposed that the mechanism underlying the action of organ tissue deficit is connected with the loss of natural immunological tolerance to organospecific autoantigens.

[Morphological equivalents of lymphocytic-epithelial interactions in kidney and liver regeneration]. / Morfologicheskie ékvivalenty limfotsitarno-épitelial'nogo vzaimodeistviia pri vosstanovitel'nykh protsessakh v pochke i pecheni.

The histo- and ultrastructure of the murine kidney and liver is studied 17 and 48 h, respectively, after unilateral nephrectomy or partial hepatectomy. The number of lymphocytes are found to be increased in these organs after the operation. They come in close contact with hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells forming in some cases gap junctions. It occurs more often 48 h after operation. The number of leukocytes is found to be increased also especially in the regenerating liver in which many hepatocytes with cytoplasm partial necrosis are found. Only single epithelial cells are involved in the destruction in the kidney. Possibility of lymphocyte participation in the morphogenetic function realization is discussed.

[Reactive changes of the thymus and spleen in response to surgical intervention]. / Reaktivnye izmeneniia timusa i selezenki v otvet na operativnye vmeshatel'stva.

Histostructure of the thymus and spleen was studied after a sham operation, unilateral nephrectomy and 2/3 hepatectomy. The alterations observed corresponded to those in stress. The differences were seen in intensity and changes in the spleen periarterial zones. These zones were wasted 4-72 hours after the sham operation while their cellularity was increasing after nephrectomy and hepatectomy. The structure of the thymus got partially restored by day 5-7, while blast transformation and plasmatization of splenic cells was not yet completed.

[The phenomenon of the enhancement of the formation of lymphocytotoxic alloimmune antibodies during the use of plasmapheresis]. / Fenomen usileniia obrazovaniia limfotsitotoksicheskikh alloimmunnykh antitel pri primenenii plazmafereza.

Apheresis was applied in 17 patients with hypoplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic renal failure and other diseases sensitized to HLA. Apheresis was done for removal of anti-HLA antibodies and prevention of nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. Multiple massive apheresis led to a marked decrease in the antibody level. After the first or second apheresis with removal of 700.0-2000.0 ml of plasma weekly half of the patients showed increasing titres of lymphocytotoxic antibodies.

[Kinetics of lymphoid cell subpopulations in the mouse spleen in the early period after unilateral nephrectomy]. / Kinetika subpopuliatsii limfoidnykh kletok v selezenke myshei v rannie sroki posle odnostoronnei nefréktomii.

The content of total T- and B-lymphocytes, T-rosette-forming at 37 degrees, T-autorosette-forming (ARF), FcIgM+, FcIgG+ and TDT+ lymphocytes is determined in mice after unilateral nephrectomy. The number of ARF, FcIgM+ and TDT+ lymphocytes increased 17 and 48 hours after the nephrectomy. The coincidence in time of the lymphocyte population increase with acquisition of morphogenetic activity by the spleen lymphoid cells allows one to assume their participation in the regenerative proliferation of renal epithelium. The alterations in the content of other lymphocyte populations were in the limit of random deviations.

[Suppression of epithelial cell proliferation in mice by splenocytes from unilaterally sialoadenectomized syngeneic donors]. / Podavlenie proliferatsii épitelial'nykh kletok u myshei splenotsitami odnostoronne sialadenéktomirovannykh singennykh donorov.

Partially hepatectomized CBA mice immediately after the operation were intra-orbitally injected with splenocytes of intact (I), Sham-operated (SH-0) or unilaterally sialadenectomized (USAE) syngenic donors. It was shown that splenocytes from USAE donors in contrast to their types of splenocytes acutely suppress the mitotic activity of hepatocytes in the regenerating liver 48 and 72 h after their transfer. Splenocytes isolated 17, 144 and 168 h after removal of submandibular (together with sublingual) gland had the biggest inhibiting ability. Similar effect was obtained in respect of corneal epithelium due to administration of USAE mice splenocytes 17, 48 and 72 h after surgery. Operated recipients are more susceptible to the action of splenocytes from USAE donors, than the non-operated ones.

[Variability of immune response in mice immunized at different time intervals after total or partial removal of organs with different reparative capacity]. / Variabel'nost' immunnogo otveta u myshei, immunizirovannykh v raznye sroki posle polnogo i chastichnogo udaleniia tkani organov s neodinakovoi vosstanovitel'noi sposobnost'iu.

The antibody response on sheep erythrocytes in the murine spleen at different time intervals after has been studied in one of the following operations: liver resection (70%), unilateral nephrectomy or sialadenectomy, or castration and bilateral sialadenectomy or castration. It was shown, that the liver and kidney surgery enhance the immune response if immunization was performed immediately or 24 h after the operation. Analogous changes of the immune response were observed under the immunization during 3 days after unilateral nephrectomy. The unilateral sialadenectomy evokes the contrary changes in immune response: immunization immediately or 24 h after the operation is accompanied by decrease of the above, the immunization on 3-7 days after the operation gets the increase of antibody genesis. Unilateral and bilateral castration as well as bilateral sialadenectomy evoke no changes of the immune response.

[Lymphocytes as regulators of proliferation and differentiation of cells of non-lymphoid organs]. / Limfotsity kak reguliatory proliferatsii i differentsirovki kletok nelimfoidnykh organov.

The morphogenetic function of lymphocytes was studied in their adoptive transfer from operated on donors to the syngeneic recipients (mice or rats). Splenocytes isolated at 2-17 h after extirpation of 2/3 of the liver, one kidney, or 1/2 of the small intestine were found to stimulate proliferation of cells in the recipient's organ homologous to the donor's. The morphogenic activity of splenocytes was directly proportional to the quantity of the removed organ tissue. Splenocytes isolated from the donor spleen after resection of 1/4 of the liver or 1/2 of a kidney showed no morphogenic activity. Splenocytes isolated at 36 h after resection of 2/3 of the liver at 48 h after resection of 1/2 of the spleen, or at 17 h after extirpation of one submandibular salivary gland inhibited proliferation of hepatocytes in the regenerating liver of the recipients. The stimulation effect was predominantly organ-specific, while the inhibition effect had no organ specificity. The involvement of lymphocytes (or lymphocytes with macrophages) in the regulation of cell differentiation was studied on a model after massive haemorrhage. The procedure was followed by a special type of erythropoiesis having distinct morphological markers and named the reserve erythropoiesis. It was demonstrated that the transfer of lymphoid cells and macrophages from anemized donors to normal recipients induced the development of signs of reserve erythropoiesis in the latter.