Subject(s)
Dermatomycoses/diagnosis , Hyphae/isolation & purification , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Adult , Dermatomycoses/drug therapy , Dermatomycoses/immunology , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Graft Rejection/immunology , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , MaleABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Frequency and distribution of HPV types in HIV-infected women with and without cervical neoplasia and their determinants have not been widely studied in India. We report and discuss HPV prevalence and type distribution in HIV-infected women. METHODS: HPV genotyping was done using cervical samples from 1109 HIV-infected women in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Any HPV was detected in 44.8% and high-risk ones in 41.0% women. Frequency of single and multiple high-risk infections were 26.7% and 14.3%, respectively. Frequencies of high-risk HPV infections in women with and without cervical neoplasia were 73.5% and 37.6%, respectively. HPV16 was the most common genotype, present in 11.5%, and 58.5% of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3. Other most common high-risk HPV types in CIN 2-3 lesions were HPV 31 (22.6%); 56 (13.2%); 18 and 68a (11.3%) and 33, 35 and 51 (9.4%); and 70 (7.5%). Women under 30 or over 44 years, no abortions, and women with diagnosis of HIV infection within the last 5 years were at high risk of multiple oncogenic HPV infection. CONCLUSION: We observed a very high frequency of high-risk HPV and multiple infections in HIV-infected women.
Subject(s)
Coinfection/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Adult , Coinfection/virology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Genotype , HIV Infections/virology , Humans , India/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Papillomaviridae/classification , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Young Adult , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virologyABSTRACT
In the process development of lovastatin using Aspergillus terreus DRCC 152 in solid state fermentation, we have isolated a new butyrolactone-IV (3) along with the previously reported butyrolactone-I (1) and butyrolactone-II (2) produced under submerged conditions. The structure of compound 3 has been characterized as 3-hydroxy-5-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2(R)-2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furan- 5 ylmethyl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-(5R)-2,5-dihydro-2 -furanone on the basis of spectroscopic studies. The absolute stereochemistry has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of these compounds were determined.
Subject(s)
4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives , Anti-Infective Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Aspergillus/chemistry , 4-Butyrolactone/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Fermentation , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Models, Chemical , Models, Molecular , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Several D-ring modified analogues of podophyllotoxin were prepared viz semi-synthesis starting from naturally occurring podophyllotoxin and determined their in vitro anti-cancer activity. Most of the analogues have shown good activity towards human cancer cell lines.