The effects of Sambucus nigrapolyphenols on oxidative stress and metabolic disorders in experimental diabetes mellitus

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The paper focuses on certain natural polyphenolic extracts from common elder fruit (Sambucus nigra), and also on their effects in diabetes mellitus. The results reveal that the glycosylated hemoglobin values are much higher in the diabetic group and they are significantly lower in the group protected by polyphenols. The natural polyphenol compounds reduce the lipids peroxides, neutralize the lipid peroxil radicals and inhibit the LDL oxidation. Following the perturbation of the lipid metabolism in the diabetic rats, atherogen risk has significantly increased values in comparison to the rats from the witness groups. It is found that due to the polyphenolic protection of the rats from the diabetic group treated with polyphenols, the atherogen risk is preserved at normal limits. The serum activity of glutathione-peroxidase and superoxide-dismutase has significantly lower values in the diabetic group as compared to the group protected by polyphenols. Through the hypoglycemiant, hypolipemiant and antioxidant effects,Sambucus nigra represents a possible dietary adjunct for the treatment of diabetes and a potential source for the discovery of new orally active agent(s) for future diabetes therapy. Understanding the mechanism through which the natural polyphenols have effects on the functionality of the endothelium cells, including on the membrane sensitivity and intracellular signalling, could represent a new way of therapeutically approaching chronic metabolic diseases and cardiovascular illnesses (AU)

The effects of Sambucus nigra polyphenols on oxidative stress and metabolic disorders in experimental diabetes mellitus.

The paper focuses on certain natural polyphenolic extracts from common elder fruit (Sambucus nigra), and also on their effects in diabetes mellitus. The results reveal that the glycosylated hemoglobin values are much higher in the diabetic group and they are significantly lower in the group protected by polyphenols. The natural polyphenol compounds reduce the lipids peroxides, neutralize the lipid peroxil radicals and inhibit the LDL oxidation. Following the perturbation of the lipid metabolism in the diabetic rats, atherogen risk has significantly increased values in comparison to the rats from the witness groups. It is found that due to the polyphenolic protection of the rats from the diabetic group treated with polyphenols, the atherogen risk is preserved at normal limits. The serum activity of glutathione-peroxidase and superoxide-dismutase has significantly lower values in the diabetic group as compared to the group protected by polyphenols. Through the hypoglycemiant, hypolipemiant and antioxidant effects,Sambucus nigra represents a possible dietary adjunct for the treatment of diabetes and a potential source for the discovery of new orally active agent(s) for future diabetes therapy. Understanding the mechanism through which the natural polyphenols have effects on the functionality of the endothelium cells, including on the membrane sensitivity and intracellular signalling, could represent a new way of therapeutically approaching chronic metabolic diseases and cardiovascular illnesses.

Protecting antioxidative effects of vitamins E and C in experimental physical stress

Like every redox-active compound vitamin E may exert pro-oxidative and antioxidativeeffects depending on the reaction partners present. In this work we evaluatedthe intensity of oxidative stress produced by a physical exercise through swimmingas well as of protecting action of antioxidant vitamins E and C. Antioxidantsystems include antioxidant enzymes: superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as of components with an antioxidant actionof the reduced glutathion type (GSH) and vitamins E and C. We determine the activitiesof these enzymes in the erythrocytes and heart homogenate. Our results pointsout a protective effect against oxidative stress produced by swimming in animalstreated with vitamins E and C, which are expressed through the diminution of themalondialdehyde (MDA) quantity both in erythrocytes and in the heart, and throughthe conservation of GSH content in both products. CAT and GSH-Px activitiesdecrease while that of SOD increases on both tissues, but with different intensities inaccordance with the variation of protection degree performed by the vitamin coupleon these tissues. The obtained data underline the necessity of intensifying the meansof endogenous antiradical defence with exogenous antioxidant vitamins C and E.This study highlights the need of a proper vitamin supplement in organism understress (AU)

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Protecting antioxidative effects of vitamins E and C in experimental physical stress

Like every redox-active compound vitamin E may exert pro-oxidative and antioxidativeeffects depending on the reaction partners present. In this work we evaluatedthe intensity of oxidative stress produced by a physical exercise through swimmingas well as of protecting action of antioxidant vitamins E and C. Antioxidantsystems include antioxidant enzymes: superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as of components with an antioxidant actionof the reduced glutathion type (GSH) and vitamins E and C. We determine the activitiesof these enzymes in the erythrocytes and heart homogenate. Our results pointsout a protective effect against oxidative stress produced by swimming in animalstreated with vitamins E and C, which are expressed through the diminution of themalondialdehyde (MDA) quantity both in erythrocytes and in the heart, and throughthe conservation of GSH content in both products. CAT and GSH-Px activitiesdecrease while that of SOD increases on both tissues, but with different intensities inaccordance with the variation of protection degree performed by the vitamin coupleon these tissues. The obtained data underline the necessity of intensifying the meansof endogenous antiradical defence with exogenous antioxidant vitamins C and E.This study highlights the need of a proper vitamin supplement in organism under stress (AU)

No disponible

No disponible

Protecting antioxidative effects of vitamins E and C in experimental physical stress.

Like every redox-active compound vitamin E may exert pro-oxidative and antioxidative effects depending on the reaction partners present. In this work we evaluated the intensity of oxidative stress produced by a physical exercise through swimming as well as of protecting action of antioxidant vitamins E and C. Antioxidant systems include antioxidant enzymes: superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as of components with an antioxidant action of the reduced glutathion type (GSH) and vitamins E and C. We determine the activities of these enzymes in the erythrocytes and heart homogenate. Our results points out a protective effect against oxidative stress produced by swimming in animals treated with vitamins E and C, which are expressed through the diminution of the malondialdehyde (MDA) quantity both in erythrocytes and in the heart, and through the conservation of GSH content in both products. CAT and GSH-Px activities decrease while that of SOD increases on both tissues, but with different intensities in accordance with the variation of protection degree performed by the vitamin couple on these tissues. The obtained data underline the necessity of intensifying the means of endogenous antiradical defence with exogenous antioxidant vitamins C and E. This study highlights the need of a proper vitamin supplement in organism under stress.

[Immunoisolation strategies for the transplantation of pancreatic islets]. / Strategii de imunoizolare pentru transplantul insulelor pancreatice.

Several different types of systems employing selectively permeable membranes and matrix supports for cells have been successfully tested in animals. Results in diabetic animals indicate that these systems can function for periods of several months to several years without the use of any of immunosuppression. This approach has the potential not only to allow the transplantation of islets across wide species barriers but that it can be achieved using injectable microreactors fabricated from biodegradable polymers. A new prototype of minimal volume alginate/polyaminoacidic microcapsules which retain immunoisolatory, biocompatibility and functional properties that seem to match those of conventional-size microcapsules was developed. Since coherent microcapsules tightly envelop each islet, any redundant space between membrane and islet is virtually eliminated. Consequently, these microcapsules occupy an extremely this space, thus addressing a major problem associated with conventional size microspheres.

[Occupational stress--risk factor in essential arterial hypertension]. / Stresul ocupational--factor de risc în hipertensiunea arteriala esentiala.

The stress was recorded taking into consideration the epidemiological interview, using a standard methodology by filling in the type card the occupational stress (OS) and the family stress (FS). The constitutional factors (behaviour type A, body weight index > 25 Kg/m2) as well as the consumption in excess of salt, have significantly correlated themselves, both in individuals with OS and FS, and in those with the exclusively OS. The modification of biochemical constants (total cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) significantly associate themselves in persons to which the presence of OS and FS, of the occupational one, respectively was put into evidence (chi 2 = 94.10 for 5 freedom degrees and p < 0.001, chi 2 = 118.94 and p < 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of persons with pathologic values of total lipids was 58.7%, of triglycerides 35.7%, of total cholesterol 12.7%, of LDL cholesterol 27%, and of HDL-cholesterol 44.4%. Measuring the values of systolic and diastolic arterial hypertension an increase above the normal values of limit systolic arterial hypertension at 23.8% and at 12.3% for illness systolic arterial hypertension was found. The evaluation of association of certain cardiovascular risking factors in individuals with occupational stress has permitted a global understanding, useful for the elaboration of some preventive programmes.

Hepatic artery hemodynamics in acute viral hepatitis.

In order to evaluate the effect of the acute viral hepatitis on arterial blood flow we performed duplex Doppler US on 30 patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and compared the results with those obtained on 20 normal volunteers. Hepatic artery flow (HAF) was significantly increased with the patients suffering from acute viral hepatitis. The data obtained show that the increase of arterial blood flow is not always associated with the increase of arterial velocities. We could put in evidence the presence of the hepatic artery response to altered portal blood flow (arterial buffer) during a AVH. If the increase of HAF is absolutely necessary for recovery from hepatitis, excessive increase of HAF seems to increase the time of recovery. In our study, the evolution of acute viral hepatitis was good when the HAF values did not exceed 65% of liver supply. The increase of arterial blood flow over 65% seems to limit the portal supply of the liver and in this way the amounts of regenerating substances which bathe the liver cells. The HAF value plays an important role in acute viral hepatitis evolution, so that the exploration of HAF and hepatic artery velocities may be a reliable examination in order to monitor the evolution of this disease.

[The significance of desmosomes in pathology]. / Implicarea desmozomilor în patologie.

Considerable progress has been made in our knowledge of desmosomes and their components. Molecular cloning of the desmosomal glycoproteins has established that desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 are targets for autoantibodies in the blistering diseases pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris respectively. New evidence suggests that another desmosomal glycoprotein, desmocollin 1, is the major target antigen in the upper epidermal form of intercellular IgA dermatosis. In human cancer there is accumulating evidence which suggests a role for desmosomes in the prevention of the invasion and metastasis. The possibility exists that a mutation in a desmosomal glycoprotein gene is responsible for an inheritable human disease, the striated form of palmoplantar keratoderma.

[The normal functions of integrins and their involvement in pathology]. / Functiile normale ale integrinelor si implicarea lor în patologie.

Ordered cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesive interactions are a fundamental feature of all multicellular organisms. Numerous studies in recent years have confirmed that both types of cell adhesion are mediated by cell surface receptors known as "adhesion molecules". These receptors can be divided into a limited number of families. Knowledge gained from basic research into cell adhesion is now being applied to clinical problems, and some of these have been summarized here. Integrins are heterodimeric proteins mediating cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesive connections and signal transduction across the plasma membrane. The important roles of integrins are in Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency, in viral diseases, neural development and cancer. Suggestive data now points to roles in functions characterized in part by morphological rearrangements, such as learning and memory, and injury responses.

The diminution of platelet activity in vitamin E-treated diabetic rats.

BACKGROUND: Because vitamin E deficiency has been demonstrated in platelets obtained from diabetic subjects, in our research we investigated the platelet activity and the oxidative stress in alloxan diabetic rats supplemented with vitamin E. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The platelet activity was estimated by the adhesion index (AI) and the oxidative stress was correlated with the determined level of malondialdehyde (MDA) an end product of lipid peroxidation. RESULTS: We found that alloxanic diabetes was associated with significant increase in the both MDA level and AI (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The AI was better correlated to the MDA level (r = +0.60) than to the hyperglycemia. The administration of vitamin E before and after alloxan was accompanied by a significant decrease of both MDA level and AI comparing to untreated diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that vitamin E supplementation may improve the increased platelet adhesion as a consequence of an increased oxidative stress and therefore the incidence of diabetic angiopathy may be reduced.

[The involvement of vitamins C and E in changing the immune response]. / Implicarea vitaminelor C si E în modularea raspunsului imun.

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is just one of mechanisms through which activated polymorphonuclear neutrophiles contribute to the myocardium injury in ischemia and infarct. In the employed experimental model, the physical effort through swimming has determined the suppression of neutrophile activity and activation of serum complement. The vitamins E and C have stimulated the phagocytosis capacity of neutrophiles in the peripheral blood but they did not influence the serum complement. Our results suggest that these vitamins with their known antioxidant properties may be used together with other immunomodulators for the adapting defence of organism.

Adenomyxoma of eccrine sweat gland--case report.

Although eccrine adenoma is usually situated on the distal portions of the extremities, we present a case localized in the vicinity of a mammary gland near axilla. The clinical diagnosis was of a mammary fibroadenoma with associated apocrine type of adenomere, supported by a myxomatous stromal tissue. The diagnosis was of an eccrine adenomyxoma. We continue with a review of the problems of microscopical differential diagnosis.

[The reduction of dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in experimental diabetes mellitus treated with probucol]. / Reducerera dislipidemiei si a stressului oxidativ în diabetul zaharat experimental tratat cu probucol.

There is considerable controversy regarding the role of oxidative stress in development of macro and microangiopathy in diabetes--a free radical associated disease. Increasing the oxidative glycosylation of plasma lipoproteins by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction of scavenging system under conditions of hyperglycemia may accelerate diabetic vascular disease. We have investigated the effect of Probucol (P) a drug with strong lipophilic radical scavenger action, on plasma lipoproteins variations, malondialdehid (MDA) production, atherosclerotic index (total Cholesterol/HDL Cholesterol), glycemia and glucosuria in Wistar male alloxanic rats with/without enriched cholesterol diet. The inhibition of lipoproteins oxidation, resulting from diminishing MDA, in our study, would furthermore delay the absorption and penetration of lipids and lipoproteins into deeper vascular layers and thereby reduce the risk of atherosclerotic vascular lesion. Our result suggest that treatment with inhibitors of lipoproteins oxidation may reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.

[Carcinosarcoma of the corpus uteri--a case report]. / Carcinosarcomul corpului uterin--consideratii pe marginea unui caz.

Sarcomas account for fewer than 5% of all cancers of the uterine corpus. We present the last classification of The International Society of Gynecology Pathologists for pure sarcomas and also for mixed epithelial-nonepithelial tumors of the uterine corpus. The paper concerns with the study of a case of carcinosarcoma, treated in the III-rd Clinic of Gynecology from Iasi. This morphological diagnostic represents the most common epithelial-nonepithelial tumor affecting the uterus. Immunohistochemistry with EMA confirms the theory of the combined tumor with a unique origin.

[Adenocarcinoma of an eccrine sweat gland--the diagnostic problems]. / Adenocarcinom de glanda sudoripara ecrina--probleme de dignostic.

Eccrine adenocarcinomas rarely present a clinical aspect that suggests a malignancy. We present a case of an adenocarcinoma of an eccrine sweat gland with a moderate degree of differentiation associated with a verruca vulgaris (papilloma). The verrucous tissue contained a large number of melanocytes giving the macroscopical aspect of a malignant melanoma. The light microscopy elucidated the problems of diagnosis. The immunological status may be responsible for this association between a benign tumour of the epidermis with a viral histogenesis and the carcinoma of an eccrine sweat gland.

[The etiopathogenesis of esophageal cancer]. / Etiopatogenia cancerului esofagian.

Cancer of the oesophagus is a challenging clinical problem. Overall survival is poor, but patients who present early are eminently curable. Most cancers of the middle and upper oesophagus are squamous cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma is the most common cancer of the third of the oesophagus; this is not surprising when the usual distribution of Barrett's mucosa is considered. The geographical variation in the prevalence of oesophagus cancer is important. In most parts of the world, alcohol consumption and tobacco usage are the principal risk factors. Other risk factors have been identified in "the high-risk areas": a diet high in nitrosamines, deficient in trace elements, in vitamins (C.A, E) and the hereditary conditions like: Barrett's oesophagus, achalasia, caustic strictures.

[A clinico-etiopathogenic update on mental stress as a cardiovascular risk factor]. / Actualitati clinico-etiopatogenice privind stresul psihic ca factor de risc cardio-vascular.

In the psychic stress, ADH releases at the same time with CRF which intensifies the effects of it. Endogenous opioids cause above all the analgesia and paradoxical euphoria of stress. Psychic stress needs through the risk of heart frequency a higher capacity and it aggravates the valvular insufficiency and the valvular stenosis. The patient with rheumatic mitral stenosis could have a genetic psychic location predisposed to a higher vulnerability for psychic stress.