Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Constipation.

Functional constipation is a common clinical diagnosis that affects approximately 14% of the world's population. Non-pharmacological therapies often represent the initial steps in management and may include lifestyle adjustments or changes such as physical activity and diet. Pharmacological options have been used when the non-pharmacological approach has been ineffective. Biofeedback therapy, surgery, sacral nerve stimulation, botulinum toxin injection, and vibrating capsules can be considered in scenarios where the laxatives are ineffective. Biofeedback therapy is highly effective and safe in treating dyssynergic defecation, which affects more than half of patients with chronic constipation. This paper overviews non-pharmacological therapies for functional constipation.

Safety of Biologics and Small Molecules for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Organ Transplant Recipients.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the safety of biologics and small molecules for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in patients receiving antirejection therapies after organ transplants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients with IBD who received organ transplants at the Asan Medical Center between January 1989 and December 2021. We compared the parameters of patients receiving biologics or small molecules to those of patients without those therapies. RESULTS: This study included a total of 53 patients (ulcerative colitis, 41; Crohn's disease, 6; and gastrointestinal Behçet's disease, 6). Among them, 15 patients were receiving biologics or small molecules and 38 were not. During a mean follow-up of 119 months, the proportion of patients experiencing severe infections was significantly higher in those treated with biologics or small molecules than in those not treated. However, other safety outcomes (e.g., malignancies, adverse events, including organizing pneumonia or hepatic failure, and death) were not different between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed no significant difference in the safety outcome rate related to the use of biologics or small molecules. During follow-up, eight patients underwent bowel resections for IBD. The rate of bowel resection was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The use of biologics or small molecules for patients with IBD who received organ transplants did not show a significant difference in safety outcomes. However, the possibility of severe infections must be considered.

Double-guidewire technique for selective biliary cannulation does not increase the rate of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in patients with naïve papilla.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to compare the safety of the double-guidewire technique (DGT) with that of the conventional single-guidewire technique (SGT) in real-world situations. METHODS: A total of 240 patients with naïve papilla who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) at Daegu Catholic University Medical Center between January 2021 and December 2021 were included. The primary outcome was the rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in the SGT and DGT groups. RESULTS: A total of 163 patients (67.9%) belonged to the SGT group, and 77 (32.1%) belonged to the DGT group. The rates of successful biliary cannulation were 95.7% and 83.1% in the SGT and DGT groups, respectively (p=0.002). In the study group, PEP occurred in 14 patients (5.8%). The PEP rates were not significantly different between the SGT and DGT groups (4.3% vs. 9.1%, p=0.150). In the multivariate analysis, the age of <50 years (odds ratio [OR], 9.305; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.367-63.358; p=0.023) and hyperlipidemia (OR, 7.384; 95% CI, 1.103-49.424; p=0.039) were significant risk factors for PEP in the DGT group. CONCLUSION: DGT did not increase the PEP rate in patients with naïve papilla. In addition, the age of <50 years and hyperlipidemia were significant risk factors for PEP in the DGT group.

Efficacy of 7-day Tailored Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication based on Clarithromycin Resistance.

Background/Aims: Increasing resistance to clarithromycin (CAM) of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the main causes of recent decrease in eradication rate of standard triple therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 7-day tailored therapy based on the existence of CAM resistance. Methods: From January 2017 to May 2022, a total of 481 consecutive patients with H. pylori infection were recruited in Daegu Catholic University Medical Center. Treatment regimen was selected based on the result of CAM resistance test. Patients with CAM resistance (R group) were treated with bismuth-based quadruple therapy for 7 days. Patients without CAM resistance (S group) were treated with standard triple therapy for 7 days. Results: The overall H. pylori eradication rate was 89.4% (379 of 424) by per-protocol (PP) analysis. Patients with CAM resistance mutation included 166 patients (34.5%). The eradication rates of each group were 88.8% (135 of 152) and 89.7% (244 of 272) by PP analysis, for R and S group respectively. By intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, the eradication rates were 81.3% (135 of 166) and 77.5% (244 of 315) for R and S group. CAM resistance was identified with a dual-priming oligonucleotide-based multiplex PCR. Conclusions: In spite of this high CAM resistance (34.5%), the eradication rate of 7-day tailored therapy based on the existence of CAM resistance was 89.4%. The 7-day tailored therapy based on CAM resistance could be an acceptable treatment selection strategy for H. pylori eradication.

Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Receiving Palliative Chemotherapy: Incidence and Effect on Prognosis.

Background/Aims: This study evaluated the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at the authors' institution and analyzed the risk factors associated with VTE and the overall survival (OS). Methods: One hundred and seventy patients with locally advanced or metastatic PDAC who received palliative chemotherapy at Daegu Catholic University Medical Center from January 2011 to December 2020 were included. Results: During a median follow-up period of 341 days, 24 patients (14.1%) developed VTE. Cumulative incidence values of VTE were 4.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.39-9.22) at 90 days, 9.9% (95% CI, 6.14-15.59) at 180 days, and 16.9% (95% CI, 11.50-24.36) at 360 days. Multivariate analysis showed that a carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) level over 1,000 U/mL (hazard ratio [HR], 2.666; 95% CI, 1.112-6.389; p=0.028) and a history of alcohol consumption (HR, 0.327; 95% CI, 0.109-0.981; p=0.046) were significant factors associated with VTE. Patients with VTE showed a shorter median survival (347 days vs. 556 days; p=0.041) than those without VTE. Multivariate analysis revealed VTE (HR, 1.850; 95% CI, 1.049-3.263; p=0.033) and CA 19-9 level over 1,000 U/mL (HR, 1.843; 95% CI, 1.113-3.052; p=0.017) to be significant risk factors associated with OS. Conclusions: The cumulative incidence of VTE in patients with advanced PDAC was 16.9% at 360 days. While a history of alcohol consumption was a protective factor, a high CA19-9 level was a risk factor for VTE. In addition, the occurrence of VTE was associated with poor prognosis.