Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 15 de 15
Filter
1.
Pharm. care Esp ; 14(5): 193-201, sept.-oct. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-108978

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir todas las actuaciones profesionales (AP) que se llevan a cabo como respuesta a las demandas realizadas por los usuarios en la farmacia comunitaria (FC). Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, realizado durante 6 meses en dos farmacias comunitarias de Denia (Alicante). La población de estudio fueron todas las demandas de servicio que realizaron los usuarios de ambas farmacias. La variable de estudio fue la AP, es decir, cada uno de los servicios demandados por el usuario en la FC: dispensación, indicación, automedicación, consultas y ventas, clasificándose cada uno en sus resoluciones e incidencias. Resultados: En el estudio se realizaron 30.617 AP, correspondiendo un 42% a la dispensación con receta, y se registró casi un 23% de incidencias. Las indicaciones farmacéuticas supusieron un 9% del total, resolviéndose en la mayoría de casos con la recomendación de un medicamento. Un 33% fueron demandas de automedicación, cursando con casi un 20% de incidencias. Un 7% fueron consultas y un 10% ventas de productos sanitarios. Conclusiones: Del total de AP realizadas, el 90% se consideran farmacéuticas. El 83% fueron dispensaciones de medicamentos, más de la mitad de éstas sin prescripción médica, lo que revela la importancia del asesoramiento farmacéutico en las dispensaciones sin receta. El hecho de que 9 de cada 10 incidencias que se producen en la dispensación con receta y en la automedica ción sean por la falta de información del paciente nos pone en alerta sobre la necesidad de implementar medidas que mejoren esta carencia(AU)


Objective: To describe all the professional actions (PA) carried out by the community pharmacy in response to the requests made by pharmacy users. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study in two pharmacies in Spain, over a 6 month-period. Population: all service requests made by pharmacy users. Study variable: Professional action, each of the services requested by pharmacy users: prescription-drug-dispensing, patient-counseling in minor ailments, self-medication, pharmacist-consultations, and sales-services. Classifying each of them in their decisions and incidents. Results: The study involved 30,617 PA, of which 42% were requests for prescription-drug-dispensing. Incidences were also recorded (23%). Nine percent of requests were for patient-counseling in minor ailments, and these were solved in 99% of cases with recommending of a drug, herbal or homeopathy product. Of the total PA, 33% were self-medication cases, with 20% of incidences. Seven percent were inquiries to the pharmacist and 10% of total requests were sales-services. In one out of four prescription-drug-dispensing event an incidence was detected, and in self-medication cases, in one out of every five. Conclusions: Of all the PA performed in the pharmacies under study, 90% were pharmaceutical activities. Most of these (83%) are directly associated with drug delivery (with/without prescription). The fact that more than a half of the total PA requested were without medical prescription should be further analyzed. The fact that nine out of ten incidents that occur in prescription-drug-dispensing and self-medication are the lack of patient information, it alerts us to implement measures to improve this shortcoming(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Professional Competence/standards , Professional Practice/ethics , Professional Practice/organization & administration , Professional Autonomy , Pharmacies/organization & administration , Pharmaceutical Services , Self Medication/ethics , Self Medication/standards , Pharmaceutical Services/organization & administration , Drug Repositioning/standards , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies/trends , Information Systems/organization & administration
2.
Farm Hosp ; 33(1): 12-25, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19401093

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of negative clinical outcomes associated with medication as a cause of hospital admission and to determine their characteristics (types, categories, avoidability, severity and the drug groups involved.) To determine possible risk factors related to the appearance of this problem. METHOD: An observational study carried out over a three month period in a department of the university hospital, 163 patients were selected at random. The information obtained from the patient interview, the revision of clinical records and clinical sessions were used to then identify negative clinical outcomes using the Dader method. RESULTS: In 27 cases (16.6 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 23.0), negative clinical outcomes associated with medication were considered to be the main cause of hospital admission. The most frequent negative clinical outcomes associated with medication were untreated health problems, non-quantitative ineffectiveness and quantitative safety problems respectively. The overall prevalence of preventable admissions due to negative clinical outcomes associated with medication was 88.9 %; (95 % CI, 71.9 to 96.1 %.) With regards to severity, 74.1 % (95 % CI, 55.3 to 86.1 %) of the total admissions were moderate. The most common drugs implicated in hospital admissions were: antibacterial for systemic use, cardiovascular and non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Apart from age, no other factors were found for hospital admissions due to negative results associated with medication. CONCLUSIONS: Negative clinical outcomes associated with medication as cause of hospital admission are a prevalent problem and most of them are avoidable with pharmacotherapeutic follow-up.


Subject(s)
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Hospitalization , Algorithms , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Farm. hosp ; 33(1): 12-25, ene.-feb. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-105268

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de resultados negativos asociados a medicamentos como causa de ingreso hospitalario y determinar sus características (dimensiones, tipos, evitabilidad, gravedad y grupos terapéuticos implicados). Buscar posibles factores asociados a la aparición de este problema. Método: Estudio observacional transversal, durante 3 meses, en una unidad del hospital universitario, seleccionando al azar mediante el método de extracción de bolas de una urna a 163 pacientes. La información obtenida de la entrevista con el paciente, de la revisión de historias clínicas y la procedente de las sesiones clínicas se empleaba para la identificación posterior de los resultados negativos asociados con medicamentos mediante el método Dáder. Resultados: En 27 de los 163 pacientes estudiados (16,6 %; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %, 1,6-23,0), el ingreso fue causado principalmente por un resultado negativo asociado con los medicamentos. Los pacientes ingresaron por problemas de salud no tratados, inefectividades no cuantitativas e inseguridades cuantitativas respectivamente. Un 88,9 % (IC del 95 %, 71,9-96,1) de los ingresos por resultados negativos asociados con medicamentos fueron evitables. En cuanto a la gravedad, el 74,1 % (IC del 95 %, 55,3-86,1) fueron moderados. Los principales grupos farmacológicos implicados en los ingresos fueron antiinfecciosos sistémicos, fármacos relacionados con el aparato cardiovascular y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. A excepción de la edad, no se encontraron factores asociados a la aparición de ingresos por resultados negativos asociados con medicamentos. Conclusiones: Los ingresos por resultados negativos asociados con medicamentos son un problema de elevada prevalencia y la mayoría son evitables mediante seguimiento farmacoterapéutico (AU)


Objective: To assess the prevalence of negative clinical outcomes associated with medication as a cause of hospital admission and to determine their characteristics (types, categories, avoidability, severity and the drug groups involved.) To determine possible risk factors related to the appearance of this problem. Method: An observational study carried out over a three month period in a department of the university hospital, 163 patients were selected at random. The information obtained from the patient interview, the revision of clinical records and clinical sessions were used to then identify negative clinical outcomes using the Dader method. Results: In 27 cases (16.6 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 23.0), negative clinical outcomes associated with medication were considered to be the main cause of hospital admission. The most frequent negative clinical outcomes associated with medication were untreated health problems, non-quantitative ineffectiveness and quantitative safety problems respectively. The overall prevalence of preventable admissions due to negative clinical outcomes associated with medication was 88.9 %; (95 % CI, 71.9 to 96.1 %.) With regards to severity, 74.1 % (95 % CI, 55.3 to 86.1 %) of the total admissions were moderate. The most common drugs implicated in hospital admissions were: antibacterial for systemic use, cardiovascular and non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Apart from age, no other factors were found for hospital admissions due to negative results associated with medication. Conclusions: Negative clinical outcomes associated with medication as cause of hospital admission are a prevalent problem and most of them are avoidable with pharmacotherapeutic follow-up (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , /epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , /organization & administration , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Farm Hosp ; 32(3): 157-62, 2008.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18840345

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To find out the prevalence of negative results associated with medication (herein referred to as NRM) in patients attending the emergency department. To classify the results by severity, avoidability and cost, as well as to establish the factors associated with their appearance. METHOD: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. Patient surveys and emergency department records were used as sources of information. The Dader Method and guidelines from the Third Consensus of Granada were used. Pearson's chi2 test was used to find the association between age, gender and number of drugs and showing signs of NRM. Avoidability was measured using Baena et al's criteria and severity was assessed according to whether or not the patient had been admitted into an observation stall or on to a hospital ward. RESULTS: 24.4% of patients visited the emergency department because of NRM. 16.1% needed to be hospitalised to solve their health issue. 83.9% of all patients with NRM and 77.3% of those hospitalised due to NRM could have been avoided. Statistically, there was a higher prevalence of NRM in patients taking 5 or more different drugs. An estimated euro 14,666,178 was spent on treating avoidable NRM cases in 2003. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of NRM in those who attended the emergency department, the high percentage of avoidability and the cost imposed on the Health Service seem to sufficiently argue a case for the consideration that NRM as a problem which requires the implementation of prevention programmes based on drug-treatment monitoring.


Subject(s)
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Emergency Service, Hospital , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Severity of Illness Index , Young Adult
5.
J Clin Pharm Ther ; 33(5): 475-81, 2008 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18834361

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The assessment and follow-up of patients with risk factors, or with cardiovascular disease (CVD), involves estimating and monitoring their CVD risk (CVDR). There are different opinions about the most appropriate method for this. OBJECTIVE: To compare the SCORE system and the Wilson-Grundy system (based on Framingham's study). METHODS: A descriptive, observational study over 15 days in six pharmacies, with patients aged between 25 and 74 years, and with a prescription for medications related to hypertension, dyslipidaemia, CVD prevention or type-2 diabetes. Results of patients' absolute CVDR were assessed and compared using the SCORE system and the Wilson-Grundy method, adapted for Spain. The Chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and the Student t-test was used to compare mean values, including odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULT: A total of 257 patients [165 women, 92 men; mean (SD) age, 60.9 (10.8) years; percentage of previous medical history of hypertension (70.0%), dyslipidaemia (42.4%), type-2 diabetes (19.5%) and CVD (22.6%)] participated. With the CVDR assessed with SCORE, the distribution was as follows: low 35.8%, intermediate 21.0% and high 43.2%. The corresponding values using the Wilson-Grundy system was low 60.7%, intermediate 8.2% and high 31.1%. CONCLUSION: The cardiovascular risk of patients that attend community pharmacies with prescriptions for cardiovascular medications is significantly higher when assessed using the SCORE system than with the Wilson-Grundy method.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Community Pharmacy Services/organization & administration , Adult , Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Chi-Square Distribution , Confidence Intervals , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Dyslipidemias/complications , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Risk Assessment/methods , Risk Factors , Spain
6.
Farm. hosp ; 32(3): 157-162, mayo-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70595

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de los resultados negativos asociadoscon la medicación (RNM) entre los usuarios del servicio de urgencias.Caracterizarlos por su gravedad, evitabilidad y coste, asícomo encontrar factores asociados con su aparición.Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el serviciode urgencias de un hospital de tercer nivel. Como fuentes de informaciónse emplearon la entrevista a los pacientes y la historia deurgencias. Se trabajó según el método Dáder y las directrices del TercerConsenso de Granada. Se empleó el test de la c2 de Pearson parabuscar la asociación entre edad, sexo o número de medicamentos ypresentar los RNM. La evitabilidad se estableció según el criterio deBaena et al y la gravedad por el ingreso o no del paciente en boxesde observación o planta de hospitalización.Resultados: El 24,4% de los pacientes acudió a urgencias a causa deun RNM. El 16,1% necesitó hospitalización para resolver el problemade salud. El 83,9% de todos los RNM y el 77,3% de los ingresos causadospor RNM fueron evitables. Se encontró estadísticamente másprevalencia de RNM entre los pacientes que tomaban 5 o más medicamentos.Se estimó un gasto de 14.666.178 e en el tratamiento delos RNM evitables del año 2003.Conclusiones: La prevalencia de RNM en la población atendida, suelevado porcentaje de evitabilidad y el coste que suponen para elservicio de salud parecen argumentos suficientes para considerar losRNM como un problema para el cual es necesario establecer programasde prevención basados en el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico


Objective: To find out the prevalence of negative results associatedwith medication (herein referred to as NRM) in patients attendingthe emergency department. To classify the results by severity, avoidabilityand cost, as well as to establish the factors associated with theirappearance.Method: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study carriedout in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. Patient surveysand emergency department records were used as sources of information.The Dader Method and guidelines from the Third Consensusof Granada were used. Pearson’s c2 test was used to find theassociation between age, gender and number of drugs and showingsigns of NRM. Avoidability was measured using Baena et al’s criteriaand severity was assessed according to whether or not the patienthad been admitted into an observation stall or on to a hospital ward.Results: 24.4% of patients visited the emergency department becauseof NRM. 16.1% needed to be hospitalised to solve their healthissue. 83.9% of all patients with NRM and 77.3% of those hospitaliseddue to NRM could have been avoided. Statistically, there was ahigher prevalence of NRM in patients taking 5 or more differentdrugs. An estimated e 14,666,178 was spent on treating avoidableNRM cases in 2003.Conclusions: The prevalence of NRM in those who attended theemergency department, the high percentage of avoidability and thecost imposed on the Health Service seem to sufficiently argue a casefor the consideration that NRM as a problem which requires the implementationof prevention programmes based on drug-treatmentmonitoring


Subject(s)
Humans , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , /epidemiology , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems , Polypharmacy , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution
7.
Ars pharm ; 48(4): 371-385, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64400

ABSTRACT

Se entiende por indicación farmacéutica el “Servicio prestado por el farmacéutico, ante la demanda de un pacientesobre el medicamento más adecuado para un problema de salud concreto, cuyo tratamiento (medicamentos OTC)no requiere de prescripción médica”.Objetivo: Caracterizar los pacientes demandantes de indicación farmacéutica en las farmacias comunitarias.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo en 107 pacientes que acudían a solicitar un remedio para un problema de salud concretoa 7 farmacias elegidas por muestreo aleatorio.Resultados: La edad media fue de 43 años. El 63,8% fueron mujeres pertenecientes el 62,3% a zonas de poder adquisitivoelevado. Más del 60% tenían estudios primarios.Conclusiones: Los pacientes que más consultan suelen ser jóvenes, con estudios primarios y secundarios, sin patologíasni tratamientos concomitantes, y que mayoritariamente consultan por patologías respiratorias


By “pharmacist non-prescription drugs counseling”, we mean the pharmaceutical service that is given to a patientwithout knowing what non-prescription drugs must be acquired for a concrete minor symptom”.OBJECTIVE: To characterize the patient population who are recipients of counseling for Non-Prescription Drugs incommunity pharmacies.METHODS: A descriptive study of 107 patients who requested counseling for concrete minor symptom attended on sevencommunities pharmacies, chosen by random sampling.RESULTS: The average patient age was 43 years and 63.8% were women; of this percentage, 62.3% came from locationswith high socio-economic status. More than 60% had completed their primary education.CONCLUSIONS: The patients who more frequently asked for counseling were young adults who had completed primaryand secondary education levels. For the most part, such patients had no pathologies or concomitant treatments and consultedbecause of respiratory complaints


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Pharmacies/organization & administration , Pharmacies/supply & distribution , Pharmacies/standards , Pharmaceutical Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Pharmaceutical Services/organization & administration , Pharmaceutical Services/supply & distribution , Nonprescription Drugs/pharmacology , Nonprescription Drugs/therapeutic use , Drug Prescriptions/standards , Self Medication , Pharmacies/trends , Pharmacies , Pharmaceutical Services/trends , Pharmaceutical Services , Self Medication/trends , Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Personal Satisfaction , Patient Satisfaction/legislation & jurisprudence
8.
Curr Microbiol ; 53(6): 491-5, 2006 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17072670

ABSTRACT

Biofouling and microbiologically influenced corrosion are processes of material deterioration that originate from the attachment of microorganisms as quickly as the material is immersed in a nonsterile environment. Stainless steels, despite their wide use in different industries and as appliances and implant materials, do not possess inherent antimicrobial properties. Changes in hygiene legislation and increased public awareness of product quality makes it necessary to devise control methods that inhibit biofilm formation or to act at an early stage of the biofouling process and provide the release of antimicrobial compounds on a sustainable basis and at effective level. These antibacterial stainless steels may find a wide range of applications in fields, such as kitchen appliances, medical equipment, home electronics, and tools and hardware. The purpose of this study was to obtain antibacterial stainless steel and thus mitigate the microbial colonization and bacterial infection. Copper is known as an antibacterial agent; in contrast, niobium has been demonstrated to improve the antimicrobial effect of copper by stimulating the formation of precipitated copper particles and its distribution in the matrix of the stainless steel. Thus, we obtained slides of 3.8% copper and 0.1% niobium alloyed stainless steel; subjected them to three different heat treatment protocols (550 degrees C, 700 degrees C, and 800 degrees C for 100, 200, 300, and 400 hours); and determined their antimicrobial activities by using different initial bacterial cell densities and suspending solutions to apply the bacteria to the stainless steels. The bacterial strain used in these experiments was Escherichia coli CCM 4517. The best antimicrobial effects were observed in the slides of stainless steel treated at 700 degrees C and 800 degrees C using an initial cell density of approximately 10(5) cells ml(-1) and phosphate-buffered saline as the solution in which the bacteria came into contact with copper and niobium-containing steel.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Copper/pharmacology , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Niobium/pharmacology , Stainless Steel/pharmacology , Alloys/pharmacology , Biofilms/drug effects , Escherichia coli/physiology
9.
Ars pharm ; 46(4): 365-381, 2005. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045751

ABSTRACT

El paciente juega un papel primordial en la consecución de los resultados terapéuticos. El incumplimiento, la automedicación, o la falta de conocimiento del la farmacoterapia pueden ser causas de esos resultados clínicos negativos, denominados en ocasiones problemas relacionados con medicamentos (PRM). El método Dáder se utilizó para la evaluación, identificación y clasificación de PRM. La asociación de variables se estableció mediante el estadístico chi cuadrado. El conocimiento de la medicación, el cumplimiento y la automedicación fueron estudiados como causa de estos resultados negativos de la medicación. Fueron entrevistados 2556 pacientes durante el año de estudio, resultando 2261 casos válidos. El 33 % presentaron un PRM como causa de visita a urgencias. El conocimiento de la medicación, el cumplimiento y la automedicación fueron estudiados solo en la población que presentó un PRM y se demuestra que son aspectos asociados a las distintas dimensiones de PRM. No es posible establecer asociación entre la existencia o no de resultados clínicos negativos en los pacientes con el conocimiento de la medicación, el cumplimiento y la automedicación, debido a que estas variables no son atributos del paciente sino que están asociadas a cada medicamento


The patient plays a fundamental role in the attainment of good results in pharmacotherapy. Noncompliance, self-medication, or insufficient knowledge of the therapy being employed may provide a source for the causes of these negative clinical outcomes, otherwise known as medicine related problems (MRP). he Dader method was used in the evaluation, identification and classification of MRP. The association of variables was established through the statistical Chi square test. Patient knowledge of the medicine, degree of compliance to therapy and self-medication were studied as causes of the negative outcomes encountered. 2556 patients were interviewed throughout the year that the study took place, giving a total of 2261 of valid cases. 33% presented an MRP as the cause of his/her visit to the hospital emergency ward. Knowledge of the medicine, compliance and self-medication were only studied in the population that presented an MRP and in this work it is demonstrated that these are aspects that are associated with different dimensions of MRP. It is not possible to establish an association between the existence or not of negative clinical outcomes in patients with the factors of knowledge of medication, compliance and self-medication. This is due to the fact that these variables are not attributable to the patient himself, but rather are associated with the characteristics of each medicine


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Self Medication/adverse effects , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Treatment Refusal , Chi-Square Distribution , Interviews as Topic , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Patient Dropouts/statistics & numerical data
10.
Ars pharm ; 46(3): 213-232, 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-042473

ABSTRACT

La gestión de la Calidad Total busca la satisfacción del usuario, la implicación activa de los profesionales responsables de su salud y la incorporación de estrategias para la mejora continua de las actividades clínicas, incorporando la búsqueda de la seguridad del paciente como componente principal. La gestión de la seguridad del paciente minimiza las lesiones no intencionadas atribuibles a procesos de la atención sanitaria, incluido el uso de medicamentos. Los principios de seguridad del paciente se aplican en ambos niveles asistenciales y a todos los profesionales sanitarios. Gestionar el riesgo es cuidar al paciente. La Seguridad del paciente pretende resolver problemas y prevenir errores. La aportación del farmacéutico a la seguridad del paciente se realiza con la Atención Farmacéutica y en concreto con el Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico (SFT) que previene, detecta y resuelve Problemas Relacionados con los Medicamentos (PRM). Uno de los principales problemas para avanzar, es la dificultad para homogeneizar resultados; existen diferencias en las definiciones, al igual que ocurre en el ámbito del medicamento, donde se mezcla permanentemente proceso y resultado: Efecto adverso, Acontecimiento no deseado, Errores de medicación, PRM, etc. Se ha de homogenizar la taxonomia; disponer de una información común permitiría conocer mejor la prevalencia, sus tipos, sus causas, su gravedad así como sus consecuencias. Se quiere caminar hacia la seguridad del paciente evaluando tecnologías su efectividad y su seguridad, acreditando establecimientos y acreditando competencia profesional. Este es el camino también para el SFT que comparte los principios básicos de calidad de la seguridad del paciente. El farmacéutico tiene la responsabilidad profesional y ética de poner a disposición de los pacientes el conocimiento, la experiencia y el método, igual que las acciones emprendidas por los sistemas sanitarios. Existe la oportunidad de estar, de ser los responsables de esta aportación, porque la seguridad del paciente, en general, y en relación al uso de los medicamentos en particular, va a desarrollarse


The principal aim of management of the Quality of Care is to assure patient satisfaction, through the active involvement of health care staff and the incorporation of strategies, whose main aim is to achieve continuous improvement in clinical activities and to incorporate patient safety as one of its principle components. The management of patient safety is a means to minimizing any possible harm to patients in care processes, including the use of medicines. The principles of patient safety can be applied to both levels of patient care and involve all health care professionals. The risk management is an integral part of patient care. Patient safety depends on the solution of problems and the prevention of errors. The pharmacist’s role in patient safety is carried out through Pharmaceutical Care processes and especially through Pharmacotherapy follow-up (PF), which aims to prevent, detect and resolve Drug Therapy Problems (DTP). One of the main difficulties associated with this field is the lack of uniformity of the results obtained throughout the different studies carried out, where differences in definitions occur, as in the classification of drug problems themselves, where process and result are constantly intermingled: Adverse effect, undesirable events, medication errors, DTP, etc. The criteria for classifying such aspects should be uniform, so as to make common information available, which will enable pharmacists to obtain greater knowledge on prevalence, their types, causes, severity and consequences. There is a general desire to improve upon patient safety, to assess the technological processes involved in evaluating effectiveness and safety, and to certify the establishments and health care professionals responsible for such processes. This same approach should also be applied to PF, which is subject to the same basic safety principles. As in the case of all work carried out within the health system, the work of the pharmacist involves the professional and ethical responsibility of making his knowledge, experience and methodology available to his patients. Pharmacists now have the opportunity of making a significant contribution to patient safety, both in general terms and more specifically in the use of medicines, in a field which is currently set for future development


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Quality Assurance, Health Care/methods , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Quality Control , Quality of Health Care , Consumer Behavior , Patient Satisfaction , Quality of Homeopathic Remedies , Drug and Narcotic Control/methods , Drug Evaluation/methods , Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Drug Therapy/trends , Drug Therapy , Drug and Narcotic Control/organization & administration , Drug Information Services/organization & administration , Drug Information Services/standards , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Drug Utilization/legislation & jurisprudence , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Drug Utilization/trends , Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services/standards
11.
Ars pharm ; 46(3): 279-300, 2005. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-042478

ABSTRACT

En la farmacia comunitaria es necesario desarrollar estrategias para valorar y mejorar el conocimiento de los pacientes sobre la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Se investigó la relación entre conocimiento y riesgo cardiovascular (RCV). En 6 farmacias comunitarias de Granada, Sevilla y Málaga (Andalucía – España). Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo durante 15 días sobre el conocimiento y RCV de pacientes. Se aplicó un cuestionario con 10 preguntas para valorar el conocimiento sobre factores de RCV y se calculó el RCV. Los análisis estadísticos utilizados fueron T de Student o X cuadrado. En los 257 pacientes incluidos, la edad promedio fue de 60,9 +/- 10,8 años, el 35,8% de género masculino, 13,2% fuman, 79,0% tienen historia de hipertensión, 42,4% de dislipemia, 19,5% de diabetes tipo 2 y 22,6% de ECV. El puntaje promedio de conocimiento fue de 5,8 +/- 1,8 (IC95%:5,6-6,1) y fue valorado como adecuado en el 60,7%; (IC95%:54,7-66,7%) de los pacientes. El RCV fue: bajo 35,8%, intermedio 21,0% y alto 43,2. Una menor edad, alto nivel educativo y la práctica de actividad física regular, al igual que la percepción de los pacientes de control o normalidad de los factores de RCV se encontraron asociados con puntajes altos o mejor conocimiento. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el conocimiento (p>0,05) entre los pacientes con RCV diferente. El conocimiento adecuado de los pacientes sobre los factores de RCV se asocia con una menor edad, alto nivel educativo, práctica de actividad física y percepción de normalidad de los factores de RCV, pero no con el RCV absoluto


In pharmacy environments it is increasingly necessary to develop strategies to assess and improve patient’s knowledge about cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge and CVD risk. A 10 question interviewer-controlled cross sectional survey was carried out over a period of 15 days, about the knowledge and the CVD risk, in patients attending 6 community pharmacies in Granada, Sevilla, and Malaga (Andalucia-Spain). In the statistical analyses, the Chi square test was used to compare proportions, and T Student test to compare means. A total of 257 patients took part in the survey; age (years): 60.9 +/- 10.8, sex (male): 35.8%, current smokers: 13.2%, a personal history of hypertension (79.0%), high cholesterol levels (42.4%), type 2 diabetes (19.5%), and CVD (22.6%). CVD risk was: Low 35.8%, mild - moderate: 21.0%, and high: 43.2%. The degree of knowledge was 5.8 +/- 1.8 (CI95%:5.6-6.1), and was assessed as being adequate in 60.7%; (CI95%:54.7-66.7%). Age (younger patients), a high level of education, and the regular practice of physical exercise, together with a positive patient perception of normality or control of cardiovascular risk factors, were associated with better or higher knowledge of cardiovascular risk. However, no significant differences in patient’s knowledge was found among patients presenting different degrees of total CVD risk (p>0.05). Adequate patient’s knowledge about CVD risk is associated with younger age, a high educational level, exercise practice, and perceptions of normality or control of cardiovascular risk factors, but it is not related to the total CVD risk


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage , Cardiovascular Agents/adverse effects , Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy , Signs and Symptoms , Surveys and Questionnaires , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Community Pharmacy Services/statistics & numerical data , Community Pharmacy Services , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Cardiovascular Agents/metabolism , Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology , Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacokinetics , Risk Factors , Education, Pharmacy/methods , Education, Pharmacy/standards , Education, Pharmacy/trends , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/diagnosis
12.
Curr Pharm Des ; 10(31): 3947-67, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15579082

ABSTRACT

Medicines are a great contribution to the rising life expectancy in XX century. But a lot of drug safety problems were reported since 1960's. More recently, ineffectiveness is also being considered as a problem. Since 1975, the term 'drug-related problem' (DRP) is being used for several definition and purposes. This has led to a number of different DRP classifications. The aim of the present review is to gather different positions, definitions and classifications of DRP. And to present a more modern concept, which is also named as pharmacotherapy failure, corresponding to negative clinical outcomes resulting from the use or the lack of use of medicines. Those pharmacotherapy failures include necessity, effectiveness and safety problems.


Subject(s)
Drug Therapy/mortality , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Morbidity/trends , Drug Therapy/classification , Epidemiologic Measurements , Humans , Medication Errors/classification , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Pharmaceutical Preparations/classification , Spain , Treatment Failure
13.
Ars pharm ; 45(3): 187-210, 2004. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-36137

ABSTRACT

Se realiza una revisión de los aspectos relacionados con los factores de riesgo, los métodos de valoración y las intervenciones en prevención primaria y secundaria de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Se pretende, desde la perspectiva farmacéutica, sistematizar conceptos para la fijación y el logro de los objetivos terapéuticos de las intervenciones en pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Existen varios modelos propuestos para determinar el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV), el cual es un concepto que indica la probabilidad a 10 años de padecer una de las formas de la ECV y permite estratificar a la población en grupos de riesgo, facilitando la optimización y priorización de las intervenciones. En España existen modelos de valoración vigentes que no recogen los avances y el acercamiento a las características de su población. Los estudios realizados evidencian la importancia y el impacto positivo de las intervenciones terapéuticas preventivas sobre las ECV, al igual que algunas dificultades en la consecución de los objetivos perseguidos. La participación del farmacéutico en el control de los pacientes con factores de riesgo o con ECV es necesaria y puede generar beneficios para la salud, en especial con su contribución a la estructuración de programas tendientes a que la población general adopte hábitos y estilo de vida saludables y a la utilización eficaz y segura de las intervenciones terapéuticas (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Primary Prevention , Models, Cardiovascular , Risk Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Hypertension/complications , Hypercholesterolemia/complications , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Obesity/complications , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology
14.
Ars pharm ; 42(3/4): 147-169, jul. 2001. tab
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-23455

ABSTRACT

Los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRM) son problemas de salud asociados al uso de medicamentos. Son muchos los PRM que podemos encontrar si analizamos la medicación que toman los pacientes y los problemas de salud que refieren y muy variadas las causas que los ocasionan. La entrevista con el paciente constituye un instrumento imprescindible para la obtención de información sobre qué medicamentos toma, como los toma y sobre la experiencia que de ellos tiene. Los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios constituyen cada día más una puerta de entrada al sistema sanitario para los ciudadanos, de forma que constituye un escenario adecuado para conocer la prevalencia de PRM, sin embargo las características propias de un servicio de urgencias de hospital requiere la adaptación de la entrevista con el usuario. Objetivo: El presente trabajo pretende diseñar y validar un cuestionario como instrumento para la obtención de información suficiente para la evaluación e identificación de PRM en los usuarios de un servicio de urgencias hospitalario. Metodología: Se procederá al diseño de un cuestionario con la intervención de expertos en Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico, igualmente se procederá a la validación del mismo pilotandolo sobre una muestra de 222 pacientes usuarios de un servicio de urgencias hospitalario. Resultado: Tras el pilotaje el cuestionario fue validado (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Medicamentous Disease , Emergency Service, Hospital , Surveys and Questionnaires , Drug Prescriptions , Drug Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Medication Errors/prevention & control
15.
Ars pharm ; 42(1/2): 39-52, ene. 2001.
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-23453

ABSTRACT

La salud es un concepto condicionado por diversos determinantes que conjuntamente interactúan y condicionan la aparición y la extensión de alteraciones en la salud de las poblaciones. Por eso es ya evidente la limitada capacidad de los servicios de salud para ser eficaces contra la enfermedad y es necesario articular políticas que involucren a otros sectores a fin de conseguir la máxima eficacia en las actuaciones para mejorar la salud. El medicamento y el farmacéutico han jugado un papel en la eficacia de los servicios sanitarios para resolver problemas de salud; la Atención Farmacéutica entendida como un método sistemático para la detección, prevención y resolución de los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRM) se configura con enorme trascendencia para obtener respuestas sobre los elementos que condicionan la aparición de los diversos PRM y la afectación de su eficacia terapéutica, aportando indicaciones que harán posible conseguir minimizar sus consecuencias. La Atención Farmacéutica responde al enfoque de salud que la OMS ha pretendido desde sus propuestas de Salud para Todos en el año 2000 que han sido renovadas con la actual estrategia de Salud para Todos en el Siglo XXI. La investigación es una herramienta que se necesita desarrollar de manera eficaz y continua y en este sentido, la investigación aplicada en el campo de los PRM en patologías con estas características es la clave para arrojar luz sobre ellos, sus factores determinantes y las respuestas capaces de superar el efecto negativo que sobre la eficacia de los tratamientos tienen los PRM) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Services , Medicamentous Disease , Treatment Outcome , Pharmacists , Medication Errors/prevention & control , Drug Prescriptions
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...