Retraction Note: MicroRNA-375 accelerates the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer through targeting RECK.

The article "MicroRNA-375 accelerates the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer through targeting RECK", by L.-J. Wei, D.-M. Bai, Z.-Y. Wang, B.-C. Liu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (11): 4738-4745-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201906_18055-PMID: 31210300 has been retracted by the authors for the following reasons: This paper has been questioned on PubPeer (https://pubpeer.com/publications/0E5B55962B277F3D0ABBC0451DAAB3). In particular, concerns were raised about Figure 3 and Table I. Unfortunately, the authors are not able to confirm nor deny this concern as they did not find the primary data for figures. The authors decided to study this experiment again to deliver more precise results. After consultation among the authors, in line with the rigorous attitude towards scientific research, authors agreed that it was necessary to withdraw the article and make further research and improvement. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/18055.

Effects of overfeeding on liver lipid metabolism in mule ducks based on transcriptomics and metabolomics.

1. In this study, transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to analyse changes in gene expression and metabolites in the liver of 70-d-old mule ducks after 10 and 20 d of continuous overfeeding.2. In the free-feeding group, 995 differentially expressed genes and 51 metabolites (VIP >1, P < 0.05) were detected in the early stage, and 3,448 differentially expressed genes and 55 metabolites (VIP >1, P < 0.05) were detected in the later stage. There were 775 differentially expressed genes and 47 metabolites (VIP >1, P < 0.05) detected in the early stage of the overfeeding group, and 6,719 differentially expressed genes and 57 metabolites (VIP >1, P < 0.05) detected in the later stage.3. There were no significant differences between the early stage in the overfeeding and free-feeding groups at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. Oleic acid and palmitic acid synthesis increased in the early stage of the overfeeding and free-feeding groups, however, these were inhibited in the late stage. Fatty acid oxidation and ß-oxidation pathways were inhibited and insulin resistance was enhanced significantly in the late overfeeding stage.4. In the early stage, the digestion and absorption of fat in the overfeeding and free-feeding groups were enhanced. In the later stage, the ability to store triglyceride in the overfeeding group was greater than in the free-feeding group.5. The expression of nuclear factor κB (NFκB), a key inflammatory factor, was inhibited in the late stage of overfeeding, while arachidonic acid (AA), a metabolite with anti-inflammatory properties, increased in the late stage of overfeeding to inhibit the inflammatory effects caused by excessive lipid accumulation. These results add to the understanding of the mechanism of production of fatty liver in mule ducks and facilitate the development of treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

[Study on long-term morphological stability of three-dimensional-printed photosensitive resin dental models].

Objective: To study the long-term morphological stability of three-dimensional (3D) printed photosensitive resin dental models under natural light and dark conditions. Methods: Eighty sets of resin dental models were made by the desktop 3D printer from one digital standard model set, and randomly divided into two groups, namely natural light group (40 sets) and dark group (40 sets). All resin models were stored in sealed bags, with 4 model sets from each group randomly collected after 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 40, 60, or 90 days of storage and 3D scanned using an optical model scanner. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) was calculated to represent the mean deviation of the difference between the digital standard model and the scanned resin model. Meanwhile, three linear indexes (the width between the canines, the width between the first molars, and the arch length) of the resin dental model were measured and compared with the corresponding values of the standard model. RMSE and the linear measurements between the digital standard model and the scanned resin models were compared between the natural light group and the dark group and among models from different time points. Results: Compared with the digital standard model, the RMSE values of 96.9% (155/160) resin dental models were less than 0.1 mm within 90-day storage. Also, at the same time point, there was no significant difference in the RMSE between the natural light group and the dark group (P>0.05). 75.0% (360/480) of the absolute values of the linear differences (differences in inter-canine width, intra-molar width, and arch length between the digital standard model and the scanned resin model) were within 0.2 mm, and about 0.1% (3/480) of the linear differences were greater than 0.5 mm, and all of the linear differences were within 0.6 mm. Conclusions: 3D-printed resin dental models can be stored stably under natural light and dark conditions for a long time.

Factors influencing utilisation of assistive devices by the elderly in China: a community-based cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to gain an insight into the utilisation, self-perceived needs, and attitudes towards and influencing factors of assistive device (AD) usage among community-dwelling older adults in China. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 5790 elderly people from eight communities within three provinces in China were recruited by convenience sampling. Utilisation, needs and attitudes towards ADs were assessed by a questionnaire designed by the authors. Barthel activities of daily living scale was used to determine disability, whereas cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination. The impact of participant characteristics, enabling factors and demand factors on the utilisation of ADs were assessed by univariate and multifactor analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of AD ownership among participants was 10.9% (n = 634), whereas the self-perceived need for ADs was 46.1% (n = 2670). Most participants had negative attitudes towards ADs, with only 37.6% (n = 2175) of participants believing that ADs were of significant help. Factors influencing the usage of ADs included participant characteristics (age, occupation, living area, education), enabling factors (economic situation, number of children) and demand factors (activities of daily living score, attitudes, self-perceived needs). CONCLUSIONS: Although ADs for the elderly in China have become more affordable and accessible after a series of reforms, there remains a gap in AD services resulting in low AD utilisation, high self-perceived needs and misconceptions of ADs. Certain factors influencing the use of ADs are more significant than others. The findings from this study will be informative for healthcare providers and decision-makers when designing strategies to achieve universal elderly AD usage.

[Clinical characteristics of 272 437 patients with different histopathological subtypes of primary esophageal malignant tumors].

Objective: To characterize the histopathological subtypes and their clinicopathological parameters of gender and onset age by common, rare and sparse primary esophageal malignant tumors (PEMT). Methods: A total of 272 437 patients with PEMT were enrolled in this study, and all of the patients were received radical surgery. The clinicopathological information of the patients was obtained from the database established by the State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment from September 1973 to December 2020, which included the clinical treatment, pathological diagnosis and follow-up information of esophagus and gastric cardia cancers. All patients were diagnosed and classified by the criteria of esophageal tumor histopathological diagnosis and classification (2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The esophageal tumors, which were not included in the WHO classification, were analyzed separately according to the postoperative pathological diagnosis. The χ2 test was performed by the SPSS 25.0 software on count data, and the test standard α=0.05. Results: A total of 32 histopathological types were identified in the enrolled PEMT patients, of which 10 subtypes were not included in the WHO classification. According to the frequency, PEMT were divided into common (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, accounting for 97.1%), rare (esophageal adenocarcinoma, EAC, accounting for 2.3%) and sparse (mainly esophageal small cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, etc., accounting for 0.6%). All the common, rare, and sparse types occurred predominantly in male patients, and the gender difference of rare type was most significant (EAC, male∶ female, 2.67∶1), followed with common type (ESCC, male∶ female, 1.78∶1) and sparse type (male∶ female, 1.71∶1). The common type (ESCC) mainly occurred in the middle thoracic segment (65.2%), while the rare type (EAC) mainly occurred in the lower thoracic segment (56.8%). Among the sparse type, malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma were both predominantly located in the lower thoracic segment (51.7%, 66.7%), and the others were mainly in the middle thoracic segment. Conclusion: ESCC is the most common type among the 32 histopathological types of PEMT, followed by EAC as the rare type, and esophageal small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma as the major sparse type, and all of which are mainly occur in male patients. The common type of ESCC mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment, while the rare type of EAC mainly in the lower thoracic segment. The mainly sparse type of malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominately occur in the lower thoracic segment, and the remaining sparse types mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment.

The Opioid Crisis: Prevalence and Markets of Opioids.

The US opioid crisis came in three waves - prescription opioids, heroin, and illicitly manufactured fentanyls - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention resulting in the deaths of nearly 500,000 people from 1996 to 2019. In 2009, drug overdose deaths exceeded those involving automobiles. Opioid overdose deaths contributed to the decrease in life expectancy for Americans from 78.8 to 78.5 during 2014 to 2017. The overprescribing of a schedule II prescription opioid was escalated by pharmaceutical companies promoting a growing belief that pain was an undertreated condition. In 2012, the number of opioid prescriptions peaked at 255 million and deaths exceeded 11,000 per year. The typical prescription opioid abuser was white, male, and 45-55 years of age. The hardest-hit states were in Appalachia and the Northeast. When an abuse-resistant formulation was introduced for OxyContin, the most prevalent prescription opioid, users turned to heroin. From the early 1980s, a new pizza delivery style of Mexican trafficking in black tar heroin infiltrated many of the same states hit hardest by prescription opioids. Heroin overdose deaths reached 14,495 in 2017. As heroin abuse increased in states supplied with black tar heroin, fentanyl-contaminated white powder heroin began to appear in the Northeast. Fentanyl was quickly followed by fentanyl analogs. While heroin deaths continued to escalate through 2017, they were soon overshadowed by fentanyl overdose deaths. Finally, prescription opioid and heroin overdose deaths started to decline in 2017, though fentanyl deaths continued to increase. In late 2019, it appeared that restrictions on transportation and travel due to the COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in decreased availability of illicit drugs, but by 2020 drug abuse had escalated in many countries. Globally, heroin was the primary opioid of abuse and only a few countries - including Canada, Germany, Austria, and Belgium - have experienced a significant increase in prescription opioids. However, illicitly manufactured fentanyls are a growing problem in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia.

[Association between dietary vitamin A intake and gestational diabetes mellitus in the first trimester].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary vitamin A intake and its sources in the first trimester and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A prospective study was conducted to select women at 6-14 weeks of gestation in an obstetric clinic of a maternal and child health care medical institution in Chengdu in 2017. The types and quantities of food during the first trimester were collected by 3-day 24-hour dietary recalls. Dietary vitamin A intake was calculated based on the Chinese Food Composition Table (2018), and it was divided into animal and plant vitamin A intakes according to its food sources. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24-28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM according to the Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (2014). According to the estimated average requirement (EAR) and recommended nutrient intake (RNI), dietary vitamin A intake was divided into low-level group (RNI). Animal and plant vitamin A intakes were divided into four groups (Q1-Q4) according to the quartile method, respectively. The association between dietary vitamin A intake, its different sources of vitamin A intake and GDM in the first trimester was analyzed by log-binomial regression models. Results: A total of 1 298 valid samples were finally included. The average dietary vitamin A intake, animal and plant vitamin A intakes in the first trimester were 341.1 (227.8-501.0) µgRAE/d, 139.3 (69.6-195.3) µgRAE/d and 184.2 (99.4-301.1) µgRAE/d, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, log-binomial regression analysis showed that the risk of GDM in high-level group of dietary vitamin A intake was lower than that in low-level group [RR (95%CI):0.53 (0.36-0.80)]. Pregnant women in the highest quartile of animal vitamin A intake had a lower risk of GDM than those in the lowest quartile [RR (95%CI):0.66 (0.47-0.95)]. No relationship between plant vitamin A intake and GDM was found. Conclusion: Dietary vitamin A intake in the first trimester is associated with the occurrence of GDM, and higher intake than RNI may reduce the risk of GDM. Higher vitamin A intake from animal-derived food is associated with decreased risk of GDM.

[Risk factors of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer and perioperative intervention measures].

Gastric cancer is a common digestive system malignancy. Surgical operation is the main treatment of radical treatment for gastric cancer. Pulmonary infection is a common postoperative complication of gastric cancer. Because there is no clear and unified definition of pulmonary complications, the current researches show that the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer is about 1.8%-18.1%. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection will prolong the hospital stay, increase the cost of hospitalization, and even develop into respiratory failure leading to early postoperative death. There are many factors affecting postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer, including age, smoking history, pulmonary function, pulmonary disease history, operation method, operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, gastric tube retention time, postoperative lying time and so on. There are also many perioperative interventions. This article reviews the risk factors and perioperative interventions of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer.

[Clinical efficacy of two-staged Fowler-Stephens laparoscopic orchidopexy in the treatment of children with high cryptorchidism].

Objective: To Evaluate the clinic effect of two-staged laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy in the treatment of high cryptorchidism, and compare it with laparoscopic orchiopexy treatment without disconnecting spermatic vessels. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 cases of children with high cryptorchidism who were treated with two-staged Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy from January 2015 to April 2019 (F-S group). All the children in this group had unilateral cryptorchidism, age 6 to 18 months. The average age was 13.5 months. Seven cases were on the left side, and 13 cases were on the right side. There were 20 control children in the same age group who were treated with testicular fixation without disconnecting spermatic vessels, age 6 to 18 months. The average age was 12.5 months. Six cases were on the left side, and 14 cases were on the right side. Testicular ultrasonography and sex hormone examination were conducted before operation. F-S group met the indications for Fowler-Stephens surgical. In the first stage, the testicular vessels were doubly clipped at a site away from the testis in laparoscopic, and the second stage was scheduled about 6 months after the first stage. The children in the control group were treated with laparoscopic orchiopexy without disconnect spermatic vessels. The two groups were followed up to 6 months after the operation, and the testicular volume and sex hormone indexes of the two groups were measured. The testicular volume and sex hormones before and after the operation of the F-S group and the control group were respectively subjected to a self-control study, and a hormone comparison study was carried out between the two groups of children. Results: Both the F-S group and the control group successfully fixed the testes in the scrotum without tension during the operation. In both groups, 20 cases of testicular positions were reexamined 6 months after the operation without retraction. All the patients had a viable testis in scrotum after operation. Two of F-S group had an atrophic testis in the scrotum, and the others had a good vascularization detected on echo color doppler ultrasound. The average testicular volume of F-S group was (0.34±0.16) ml before operation and the postoperative one was (0.38±0.13) ml, P=0.089, P>0.05. In control group, the preoperative average testicular volume was (0.40±0.14) ml, and postoperative one was (0.40±0.15) ml, P=0.933, P>0.05. The testicular volume of two group had no significant difference. Sex hormone reexamination: Testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and luteinizing hormone (LH) did not change after operation. Prolactin (PRL) in F-S group was 13.44 µg/L before operation and 12.3 µg/L after operation, PRL in control group was from 15.45 µg/L to 10.34 µg/L, P=0.732, the change of prolactin (PRL) has no significant difference. The median preoperative follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the F-S group was 1.18 U/L preoperatively and 1.61 U/L postoperatively; the median FSH of the control group was 1.21 U/L preoperatively and 1.1 U/L postoperatively. Compared between the two groups, the postoperative increase in the FS group was higher than that before the operation, P=0.032, P<0.05, the difference was statistically significant. The median of progesterone (PROG) in the F-S group was 0.25 nmol/L before operation and 0.17 nmol/L after operation; the median PROG of the control group was 0.56 nmol/L before operation and 0.24 nmol/L after operation. It was lower after the operation than before the operation, P=0.034, P<0.05, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: (1) Laparoscopic Fowler-stephens staging operation is an effective method for the treatment of patients with high cryptorchidism, and it is worthy of further promotion. (2) Disruption of spermatic cord vessels does have an impact on hormones changes. The choice of this surgical procedure should be carefully and fully evaluated.

[Association between dietary glycemic load during first trimester and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study].

Objective: To explore the effects of dietary glycemic load (GL) during first trimester on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A prospective study was conducted among healthy women with singleton pregnancy at 8-14 weeks of gestation in a maternity out-patient clinic of maternal-and-child health care institution in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Information on dietary intake during the first trimester was collected through a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall. Glycemic index (GI) values were obtained from China Food Composition Tables (Standard Edition) and International Tables of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values (2008). Dietary GL and GLs of staple foods were calculated based on GI values and the amount of carbohydrate consumed per day. Diagnostic criteria of GDM was followed the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pregnancy Diabetes in China (2014), and used on participants who underwent an oral glucose tolerant test during 24-28 weeks of gestation. Log-binomial regression models were used to explore the associations between both quartiles of dietary GL, GLs of staple foods and the risks of GDM,respectively. Results: The medians of dietary GL and GL of staple foods were 145.70 (113.23-180.85) and 121.05 (89.08-155.70), respectively. The median GL of both rice and tubers were 73.14 (43.89-107.50) and 3.43 (0.00-9.84), respectively. After adjusting for the age at pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index and other confounding factors, results of log-binomial regressions analysis showed that when compared with the lowest quartile of dietary GL group, the third and highest quartiles of dietary GL groups increased the risk of GDM (RR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.20-1.80; RR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.04-1.64), respectively. Compared with the lowest quartile of GL of staple foods, the third and highest quartiles of GL of staple foods groups also increased the risk of GDM (RR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.04-1.58; RR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.02-1.60), respectively. The third and highest quartiles of GL of rice groups increased the risk of GDM (RR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.06-1.59; RR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.03-1.59), respectively, than the lowest quartile of GL of rice group. When compared with the lowest quartile of GL of tubers group, the highest quartile of GL of tubers group increased the risk of GDM (RR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.09-1.54). However, we did not notice the effects of wheat GL and coarse grain GL on the risk of GDM. Conclusions: A positive association was found between dietary glycemic load and the risk of GDM. Higher dietary glycemic load, especially in rice and tubers during first trimester, seemed to have increased the risk of GDM.

Upregulated lncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 aggravates the progression of colorectal cancer by downregulating p53.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CACNA1G-AS1 in regulating proliferative and invasive abilities of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by mediating p53, thus influencing the progression of CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CACNA1G-AS1 level in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was first determined. Its level in CRC patients with different tumor stages was detected as well. Changes in proliferative and invasive abilities of HCT116 and SW480 cells influenced by CACNA1G-AS1 were evaluated. Subcellular distribution of CACNA1G-AS1 was analyzed. Through Western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, the interaction between CACNA1G-AS1 and EZH2 was assessed. The biological function of the target gene of CACNA1G-AS1 was finally explored. RESULTS: CACNA1G-AS1 was upregulated in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal ones. Its level remained higher in CRC patients with stage III-IV compared to those with stage I-II. Knockdown of CACNA1G-AS1 reduced proliferative and invasive abilities of HTC116 and SW480 cells. CACNA1G-AS1 was mainly distributed in the nucleus. Moreover, CACNA1G-AS1 was verified to interact with EZH2. Knockdown of CACNA1G-AS1 or EZH2 upregulated p53 level and decreased the recruitment ability of EZH2 on p53. Finally, p53 knockdown could partially reverse the regulatory effect of CACNA1G-AS1 on the proliferative ability of HCT116 cells. CONCLUSIONS: CACNA1G-AS1 downregulates p53 level by forming a carcinogenic complex with EZH2, thereby enhancing the proliferative and invasive abilities of CRC cells.

Association of Dysplastic Coronoid Process with Long-Face Morphology.

Vertical malocclusion is a developmental condition, resulting from complex interactions among multiple etiological factors during the growth period. As a tricky dentofacial deformity clinically, long-face (LF) morphology is characterized by excessive vertical facial growth with severe disarrangement of jaws and teeth. Since the improvement of LF patients on facial profile and occlusion is often difficult and lacks long-term stability, it becomes important to unravel the etiology of LF pattern formation for early prevention and treatment. In the current studies, we identified a transgenic mouse model that exhibited a dysplastic coronoid process and LF morphology. Although the mutant mice exhibited jaw structures and occlusion comparable to controls at birth, they all acquired typical LF morphology with anterior open bite during postnatal growth, resembling clinical features of the selected skeletal class III patients. Since the coronoid process provides an insertion site for the temporalis attachment, we examined the initial development and differentiation of the temporalis and found identical results in both control and mutant mice before E17.5 when the temporal muscle makes attachment to the coronoid process. However, thereafter, we observed altered orientation and reduced size of the cross-sectional area of the temporalis in mutant mice, which persisted to the weaning stage. Biomechanical analysis and simulation modeling further support the idea that altered morphology of the coronoid process may impair the efficiency of the vertical temporalis contraction and appears to correlate with LF formation. Consistently, we present evidence that a dysplastic mandibular coronoid process was also seen in some human patients with skeletal III LF morphology. Taken together, the results presented in this study establish an association of the craniofacial bony structures with vertical patterning, which will have implications in earlier prediction for clinical precaution and intervention.

Smad7 Regulates Dental Epithelial Proliferation during Tooth Development.

Tooth morphogenesis involves dynamic changes in shape and size as it proceeds through the bud, cap, and bell stages. This process requires exact regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Smad7, a general antagonist against transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) signaling, is necessary for maintaining homeostasis and proper functionality in many organs. While TGF-ß signaling is widely involved in tooth morphogenesis, the precise role of Smad7 in tooth development remains unknown. In this study, we showed that Smad7 is expressed in the developing mouse molars with a high level in the dental epithelium but a moderate to weak level in the dental mesenchyme. Smad7 deficiency led to a profound decrease in tooth size primarily due to a severely compromised cell proliferation capability in the dental epithelium. Consistent with the tooth shrinkage phenotype, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that Smad7 ablation downregulated genes referred to epithelial cell proliferation and cell cycle G1/S phase transition, whereas the upregulated genes were involved in responding to TGF-ß signaling and cell cycle arrest. Among these genes, the expression of Cdkn1a (encoding p21), a negative cell proliferation regulator, was remarkably elevated in parallel with the diminution of Ccnd1 encoding the crucial cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 in the dental epithelium. Meanwhile, the expression level of p-Smad2/3 was ectopically elevated in the developing tooth germ of Smad7 null mice, indicating the hyperactivation of the canonical TGF-ß signaling. These effects were reversed by addition of TGF-ß signaling inhibitor in cell cultures of Smad7-/- molar tooth germs, with rescued expression of cyclin D1 and cell proliferation rate. In sum, our studies demonstrate that Smad7 functions primarily as a positive regulator of cell proliferation via inhibition of the canonical TGF-ß signaling during dental epithelium development and highlight a crucial role for Smad7 in regulating tooth size.

MicroRNA-375 accelerates the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer through targeting RECK.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to detect the expression pattern of microRNA-375 in colorectal cancer (CRC), and to examine its specific mechanism in regulating the progression of CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We detected microRNA-375 expression in 50 pairs of CRC and paracancerous tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Correlation between microRNA-375 expression and pathological indexes of CRC patients was analyzed. Cellular expression of microRNA-375 in CRC cell lines was detected as well. Regulatory effect of microRNA-375 on biological behaviors of CRC cells was examined, including proliferative, invasive and migratory abilities. We used bioinformatics method to predict the potential target of microRNA-375 and finally explored their interactive functions in regulating CRC progression. RESULTS: MicroRNA-375 expression remained higher in CRC tissues relative to paracancerous ones. CRC patients with a high level of microRNA-375 tended to have higher rates of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis compared with those with a low level. Transfection of microRNA-375 inhibitor greatly reduced proliferative, invasive and migratory abilities of CRC cells. RECK was predicted to be the target of microRNA-375, which was downregulated in CRC tissues and cells. Besides, RECK expression was negatively regulated by microRNA-375 in CRC. Rescue experiments confirmed that microRNA-375/RECK axis promoted the malignant progression of CRC. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNA-375 is upregulated in CRC, and correlated to lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. MicroRNA-375 enhances invasive and migratory abilities of CRC cells via regulating RECK.

[Paediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of seven cases].

Objective: To investigate the pathological features and clinical manifestation of pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma(NMZL). Methods: Histological morphology and immunophenotype of 7 cases of pediatric NMZL were retrospectively reviewed at Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Medical University between January 2008 to October 2018. Clonal rearrangement analysis was performed. Clinical information including patient follow-up data were analyzed. Results: All 7 patients were male with a median age of 15 years aged from 10 to 26 years. All patients presented with only lymph node enlargement without B symptoms, including cervical lymph node (5 cases), preauricular lymph node (1 case) and retroauricular lymph node (1 case). Histologically, all cases showed irregular large follicles on the edges with widened marginal areas and intervesicular areas, and lesional cells were uniform with progressive transformation of germinal center centers along with a small amount of intrinsic lymphoid tissue. All 7 cases showed diffuse CD20 positivity both follicle and interfollicular region along with 30%-40% positivity in the interfollicular region (pathological region). Markers of other B-cell lymphomas werenot expressed. All 7 cases were positive for immunoglobulin(Ig) gene rearrangement. None of the patients showed no recurrence up on after follow-up for an average of 13 months. Conclusions: Pediatric NMZL is a rare type of lymphoma that has a unique morphology and occurs almost exclusively in male children and young adults and often in head and neck lymph nodes. It has an excellent prognosis. Therefore, awareness of the disease with accurate diagnosis is important.

Polymorphisms of the prolactin gene and their association with egg production traits in two Chinese domestic ducks.

1. Prolactin (PRL) as a polypeptide hormone which plays a crucial role in egg production traits. 2. Polymorphisms of the PRL gene were analysed with DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism methods in two Chinese domestic laying duck breeds (Jinding, n = 400, Youxian, n = 400, respectively). 3. The results showed that one polymorphism was detected (A-412G) in intron 1 of the PRL gene, with three genotypes: AA, AG and GG. Association analysis showed that the ducks with the GG genotype had significantly greater egg production and egg weight than those with AG and AA genotype (p < 0.05). Hence, the 412A > G polymorphism of the PRL gene in intron 1 is a potentially valuable genetic marker for laying duck breeding programmes.

Treatment of skeletal open bite using a navigation system: CAD/CAM osteotomy and drilling guides combined with pre-bent titanium plates.

Severe skeletal open bite associated with posterior vertical maxillary excess and mandibular deformity is considered a difficult problem in orthodontic and surgical treatment. This study used a navigation system for the correction of severe skeletal open bite in order to accurately transfer the virtual plan to the actual operation and achieve precise rigid internal fixation in bimaxillary osteotomies of the jaws. Twelve patients with a severe skeletal open bite associated with vertical maxillary excess and mandibular deformity were recruited. All patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with the guidance of this navigation system. Computed tomography and cephalometric examinations were performed to evaluate the correction of the deformity. Deviations between the simulated plan and actual postoperative outcome were measured to determine the precision of the surgery. Satisfactory and stable results were achieved in all patients postoperatively, without complications or relapse during follow-up. Photographs and cephalometric evaluations showed that the facial profile and occlusion were improved. Assessment of the deviations between the simulated plan and actual postoperative outcome showed that the navigation system can precisely transfer the virtual plan to the actual operation. The results suggest that the navigation system can accurately transfer the virtual plan to the actual operation during bimaxillary jaw osteotomies, without relapse, in patients with a severe skeletal open bite.

[Clinical characteristics and treatment of congenital fibrovascular pupillary membranes].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, surgical approaches and postoperative effects associated with congenital fibrovascular pupillary membranes. Methods: A retrospective study design was used. Thirteen children (13 eyes) with congenital fibrovascular pupillary membranes, treated in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were included. The morphology of the membrane and the anterior chamber was evaluated using a digital wide-area fundus imaging system. The ophthalmic signs, examination results, operation methods, intraocular pressure and ocular position were analyzed. Results: There were 13 children (13 eyes) were enrolled, including 9 males and 4 females. The age at surgery ranged from 2.0 months to 34.5 months, with an median of 5.1 months. According to the degree of obstruction of the pupil and the intraocular pressure, the eyes were divided into three groups. In the 5 eyes of group A, the pupil membrane did not completely cover the pupil, and the depth of the anterior chamber was normal. Among them, 4 eyes had normal intraocular pressure (9-12 mmHg) (1 mmHg=0.133kPa), and 1 eye had elevated intraocular pressure (18 mmHg). In the 5 eyes of group B, the pupillary membrane completely covered the pupil into a pinhole, the anterior chamber was normal or slightly shallow, and the intraocular pressure was normal (6-16 mmHg). In the 3 eyes of group C, the pupillary membrane completely covered the pupil, the anterior chamber was shallow or disappeared, and the intraocular pressure was high (24-45 mmHg). Membranectomy and pupilloplasty were performed in group A, and trabeculectomy was combined when there was glaucoma; postoperative intraocular pressure was normal (4-10 mmHg). Membranectomy, pupilloplasty and iridectomy were performed in group B; postoperative intraocular pressure was normal (7-13 mmHg). Membranectomy, pupilloplasty, iridectomy and goniosychialysis were performed in group C; after surgery, intraocular pressure was normal in 2 eyes (10 mmHg and 13 mmHg) and 25 mmHg in 1 eye. All eyes were orthophoric before and after operation in group A. In group B, 1 eye was esotropic, 2 eyes were exotropic (worse after surgery in 1 eye), and 2 eyes were orthophoric before surgery. In group C, one eye was esotropic, one eye was exotropic, and one eye was orthophoric before surgery, and all eyes were exotropic after operation. Conclusions: Congenital fibrovascular pupillary membranes are unilaterally a continuation of the iris covering the pupil at different degrees, with or without glaucoma. Surgical treatment should be performed promptly when there is obscuring of the visual axis or incorporating of glaucoma. The main surgical procedures are membranectomy and pupilloplasty and iridectomy. Postoperative intraocular pressure can be well controlled, and strabismus has no improvement. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54:849-854).

Precise control of maxillary multidirectional movement in Le Fort I osteotomy using a surgical guiding device.

We introduced a surgical protocol to achieve accurate maxillary multidirectional movement in Le Fort I osteotomies. This comprised a way of controlling precision and a guiding device together with prebent titanium plates. We evaluated the protocol using a semiautomated 3-dimensional assessment in 22 patients with maxillary multidirectional movement (movement in three or more of six directions). Operations were all done between October 2015 and April 2017 by the same surgeon, who followed the protocol strictly. To evaluate the accuracy, we measured the deviation of the orientation of landmarks and of the upper dentition. All cases were followed up for at least a year. They all involved maxillary movement in at least three directions, and nine involved movement in six. The guiding device was used intraoperatively in all cases. Vertical deviation of the segments of bone was often detected during removal of bone, and sagittal deviation in three cases, but we found no transverse deviations. The assessment of accuracy showed that the mediolateral, anteroposterior, and superoinferior translations of landmarks were all less than 1mm, with mean values of 0.29, 0.43, and 0.39mm, respectively. The pitch, roll, and yaw of the upper dentition were also less than 1°, with mean values of 0.60°, 0.35°, 0.36°, respectively. The proposed protocol allowed accurate reposition of the maxilla with multidirectional movement during Le Fort I osteotomy.