ABSTRACT
The largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a commonly encountered pathogen in aquaculture and presents significant challenges to development of the largemouth bass industry due to the lack of effective treatment methods. Here, the inhibitory potential and underlying mechanisms of adamantoyl chloride (AdCl) against LMBV were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that AdCl (IC50 = 72.35 µM) significantly inhibited replication of LMBV in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and cytopathic effect (CPE) assays confirmed that AdCl inhibited replication of LMBV in EPC cells and significantly reduced the CPE effect, respectively. As a potential mechanism, AdCl inhibited apoptosis as determined by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate was decreased by 69 % in the AdCl-treated group as compared to the LMBV-infected group. Additionally, AdCl inhibited viral release. In vivo, the survival rate was 16.2 % higher in the AdCl-treated group as compared to the LMBV-infected group (26.9 % vs. 10.7 %, respectively). Additionally, the results of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that AdCl significantly reduced the viral load of the fish liver, spleen, and kidneys at 3, 6, and 9 days postinfection. In addition, RT-qPCR analysis found that AdCl upregulated expression of immune-related genes to suppress replication of LMBV. Collectively, these results confirmed the anti-LMBV activities of AdCl for use in the aquaculture industry.
Subject(s)
Bass , DNA Virus Infections , Fish Diseases , Animals , Chlorides , ApoptosisABSTRACT
Granulomatous diseases caused by Nocardia seriously endanger the health of cultured fish. These bacteria are widely distributed, but prevention and treatment methods are very limited. Chronic granulomatous inflammation is an important pathological feature of Nocardia infection. However, the molecular mechanisms of granuloma formation and chronic inflammation are still unclear. Constructing a granuloma infection model of Nocardia is the key to exploring the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, we established a granuloma model in the liver of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and assessed the infection process of Nocardia seriolae at different concentrations by analysing relevant pathological features. By measuring the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors and a pyroptosis-related protein, we revealed the close relationship between pyroptosis and chronic inflammation of granulomas. We further analysed the immunofluorescence results and the expression of pyroptosis-related protein of macrophage infected by N. seriolae and found that N. seriolae infection induced macrophage pyroptosis in vitro. These results were proved by flow cytometry analysis of infection experiment in vivo. Our results indicated that the pyroptosis effect may be the key to inducing chronic inflammation in the fish liver and further mediating granuloma formation. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying chronic inflammation of granulomas and developed research ideas for understanding the occurrence and development of granulomatous diseases in fish.
Subject(s)
Bass , Fish Diseases , Nocardia Infections , Nocardia , Animals , Pyroptosis , Fish Diseases/microbiology , Nocardia Infections/microbiology , Inflammation/veterinary , Liver/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the olfactory function of patients with obstructive sleep apneaï¼OSAï¼ without any treatment, and to providereference for clinical olfactory research. Methods:One hundred and thirty-one participants underwent polysomnographyï¼PSGï¼ overnight, and were divided into OSA group ï¼observation groupï¼ and non-OSA group ï¼control groupï¼ according to the results. The two groups were examined by the Korean version of the olfactory stick test â ¡ï¼Korean Bersionï¼ of Sniffin Sticks Test ï¼KVSS Test â ¡ï¼. SPSS 26.0 statistical software were used to analyze the data. Results:There was a significant difference in the incidence of olfactory disorders between the observation group and the control groupï¼χ²=12.000, P=0.001ï¼. The rate of olfactory disorders in patients with severe OSA was significantly higher than that in patients with mild OSAï¼P<0.05ï¼, and the proportion of patients with olfactory disorders increased with the increase of OSA severityï¼χ²=10.672, P=0.001ï¼. There was no statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group in the severity of olfactory disordersï¼hyposmia and anosmiaï¼ï¼P=1.000ï¼. KVSS between two groups of Test â ¡ total score has no statistical differenceï¼t=1.166, P=0.249ï¼, the sense of smell recognition scores also has no statistical differenceï¼t=1.598, P=0.116ï¼, but the olfactory threshold score and olfactory cognition scores were statistically significantï¼t=5.346, t=6.405, P<0.001ï¼. Conclusion:OSA has a negative effect on the sense of smell, and the severity of OSA is positively correlated with the incidence of olfactory disorder. OSA olfactory disorder is mainly anosmia, and the main manifestation is the decrease of olfactory cognitive scores.
Subject(s)
Olfaction Disorders , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Humans , Incidence , Polysomnography , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , SmellABSTRACT
Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of dysosmia in patients with and without nasal polyps, and the impact of dysosmia on the quality of life and mental health in patients with Sinusitis. Method:A total of 105 randomly selected patients with Sinusitis were divided into two groups based on the results of the Sniffin's Sticks olfactory examination: The dysosmia group and the non dysosmia group, the quality of life ï¼Qolï¼ of olfaction quality of life scale and SCL-90 symptom checklist-90ï¼SCL-90ï¼ were scored respectively. Result:The incidence of olfactory disorders in chronic sinusitis patients with nasal polyps was significantly higher than those without nasal polypsï¼χ²=37.133, P<0.001ï¼. The quality of life score of the olfactory disturbance scale the quality of life score of the olfactory disturbance groupï¼26.5±5.9ï¼ was significantly higher than that of the non olfactory disturbance groupï¼11.76±3.58ï¼ï¼t=14.30, P<0.0001ï¼. Life quality scoreï¼30.2±4.9ï¼ of female patients with olfactory dysfunction was significantly higher than that of male patientsï¼22.3±4.0ï¼ï¼P<0.001ï¼, The score of SCL-90 of chronic sinusitis patients with olfactory dysfunctionï¼n=64ï¼ is 6.6ï¼6.0-8.0ï¼, while the score of SCL-90 of chronic sinusitis patients without olfactory dysfunctionï¼n=41ï¼ is 7.0ï¼6.2-7.6ï¼, and there was no significant difference between the two groupsï¼P>0.05ï¼. Conclusion:The risk of dysosmia in patients with Sinusitis polyps was significantly higher than that in patients without nasal polyps, and the quality of life in patients with Sinusitis was significantly lower than that in patients without sinusitis, women also had a greater impact on their quality of life than men, and Sinusitis patients with dysosmia had no significant impact on their mental health.
Subject(s)
Mental Health , Nasal Polyps/psychology , Olfaction Disorders/psychology , Quality of Life , Sinusitis/psychology , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Patients with cervical painless mass for 3 months with swallowing not feeling a week for the chief complaint. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: top right sternocleidomastoid before hitting a 7.0 by 3.0 cm size, lower limb reached 2.0 cm x 1.8 cm, the size of the mass on the left side of the supraclavicular reached 3.0 cm x 2.5 cm of the size of the mass, the three homogeneous medium hard, focally border and clear, the activity can be puncture cytological examination in return for: left supraclavicular see more protein and blood samples and a small amount of sample are arranged heap of fiber cells. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): on the right side of the neck, with three at the left supraclavicular neoplasm, between 2.5-5.5 cm in size, high in T2, T1 low mixed signals, lesion boundaries clear.