[Orthodontic treatment for malocclusions in mixed dentition].

Early orthodontic treatment is an important means of preventing and treating dentofacial deformities during the period of growth and development. In this stage, children have great potential in growth and development, high adaptability of muscles and temporomandibular joint, and good responsiveness to orthodontic force. Therefore, orthodontic intervention and treatment in this stage can prevent and guide the normal growth and development of dentition, occlusion and maxillofacial complex. This article summarizes the commonly used orthodontic techniques and appliances in the mixed dentition, including interceptive treatment of oral habits, application of functional appliances, fixed appliances, clear aligners, as well as management of severe crowding and space maintenance. This article comprehensively explains the application and indications of different orthodontic techniques in design and appliance selection in the treatment of malocclusions in the mixed dentition.

[A comparative study of the efficacy of customized titanium plates versus conventional maxillary protraction in the treatment of skeletal class â ¢ patients].

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of customized titanium plate and conventional maxillary protraction treatment in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion during growth spurt. Methods: During growth spurt, skeletal class Ⅲ patients with maxillary hypoplasia who were treated in the Department of Orthodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology from August 2018 to July 2021 were prospectively enrolled. They were treated with maxillary protraction using customized titanium plates (customized titanium plate group) and conventional methods (conventional protraction group), respectively. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected before and after treatment for conventional cephalometric analysis, including SNA angle (angle between Sella, Nasion and A point), ANB angle (angle between A point, Nasion, and B point), FH-MP angle (mandibular plane angle), Y-axis angle, U1-L1 angle (upper to lower central incisor angle), U1-SN angle (upper incisor to SN plane angle), anterior and lower height, maxillary length, etc. The stable basicranial line (SBL) was used as the reference line to measure the distance from each reference point (ANS point, A point, Prn point, Sn point, UL point etc.) to the stable basicranial vertical line (VerT, the perpendicular line of the skull base line at the intersection point of the anterior wall of the sella image and the inferior edge of the anterior bed process). Paired t-tests were performed on the cephalometric data before and after maxillary protraction treatment in the two groups, and two independent samples t-tests were performed to compare the differences in the efficacy of the two maxillary protraction methods. Results: A total of 20 patients (9 males and 11 females), aged (10.8±1.3) years, were included in the personalized titanium plate group. A total of 20 patients (8 males and 12 females), aged (10.5±1.1) years, were included in the conventional protraction group. The SNA angle, ANB angle, FH-MP angle, Y-axis angle, anterior lower height, maxillary length, ANS-VerT distance, A-VerT distance, Prn-VerT distance, Sn-VerT distance, and UL-VerT distance were significantly higher than those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05). The changes of SNA angle, ANB angle and A-VerT before and after treatment in the personalized titanium plate group [3.15°±2.28°, 4.64°±1.40°, (4.41±3.43) mm, respectively] were significantly higher than those in the traditional group [2.13°±2.69°, 2.81°±1.10°, (3.13±4.76) mm, respectively](P<0.05), and the changes of U1-L1 angle and U1-SN angle before and after treatment (-0.76°±7.42° and 1.74°±6.38°, respectively) was significantly lower than that of the control group (-5.14°±6.62° and 4.57°±5.24°, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions: Maxillary protraction can effectively improve skeletal class Ⅲ relationships in growing patients. The linear measurements using the SBL line as a reference plane visualize the sagittal improvement in sagittal relationship after maxillary protraction. The customized titanium plate maxillary protraction treatment has a clear therapeutic effect on patients with skeletal class Ⅲ deformities, and its dental effect is relatively small.

Precise Measurement of Born Cross Sections for e

Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.80 to 4.95 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb^{-1}, a measurement of Born cross sections for the e^{+}e^{-}→D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0} and D^{+}D^{-} processes is presented with unprecedented precision. Many clear peaks in the line shape of e^{+}e^{-}→D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0} and D^{+}D^{-} around the mass range of G(3900), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), Y(4260), and ψ(4415), etc., are foreseen. These results offer crucial experimental insights into the nature of hadron production in the open-charm region.

[Clinicopathological features of BAP1 mutated clear cell renal cell carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotypes, molecular features, and differential diagnosis of BAP1 mutated clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) for better understanding this entity. Methods: Clinical data, histological morphology, immunophenotypes and molecular characteristics of 18 BAP1 mutated CCRCC cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China from January 2020 to December 2022 were analyzed. The patients were followed up. Results: There were 17 males and 1 female patients, aged from 39 to 72 years, with an average age of 56.3 years. Sixteen patients with primary CCRCC were followed up for an average of 24 months, 7 patients had metastases occurred from 4 to 22 months postoperatively. Thirteen of the 16 patients were alive at the time of the last follow-up while 3 patients died 12, 15, and 20 months after the surgery, respectively. One patient underwent retroperitoneal mass resection, but had lung metastasis 32 months after surgery. One case received cervical tumor resection and died at 22 months after the surgery. Characteristic CCRCC regions were identified in 11 of the 18 cases. The tumor cells were arranged in papillary, alveolar, and large nest patterns. Abundant lymphoid tissue, necrosis, and psammoma bodies were seen. Tumor cells showed abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, and sometimes exhibited rhabdoid differentiation. Round eosinophilic globules were located in the cytoplasm and extracellular matrix. There were 9 cases with WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology grade 3, and 9 cases with grade 4. PAX8 (18/18), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9, 16/18), CD10 (18/18), and vimentin (18/18) were positive in the vast majority of tumors.TFE3 was expressed in 5 cases, with strong expression in only 1 case. Eighteen cases were all positive for P504s. Twelve cases harbored a BAP1 mutation combined with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) mutation, and 2 cases had mutations in BAP1, VHL and PBRM1 simultaneously. SETD2 mutation was not found in any of the cases. Conclusions: BAP1 mutated CCRCC contained papillary, alveolar, and large nest patterns, eosinophilic cytoplasm, high-grade nucleoli, and collagen globules, with P504s positivity. In practical work, when encountering CCRCC containing these features, pathologists should consider the possibility of BAP1 mutations and conduct related molecular tests.

Constraints on Ultraheavy Dark Matter Properties from Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with LHAASO Observations.

In this Letter we try to search for signals generated by ultraheavy dark matter at the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) data. We look for possible γ rays by dark matter annihilation or decay from 16 dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the field of view of the LHAASO. Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are among the most promising targets for indirect detection of dark matter that have low fluxes of astrophysical γ-ray background while having large amount of dark matter. By analyzing more than 700 days of observational data at LHAASO, no significant dark matter signal from 1 TeV to 1 EeV is detected. Accordingly we derive the most stringent constraints on the ultraheavy dark matter annihilation cross section up to EeV. The constraints on the lifetime of dark matter in decay mode are also derived.

Stringent Tests of Lorentz Invariance Violation from LHAASO Observations of GRB 221009A.

On 9 October 2022, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) reported the observation of the very early TeV afterglow of the brightest-of-all-time gamma-ray burst 221009A, recording the highest photon statistics in the TeV band ever obtained from a gamma-ray burst. We use this unique observation to place stringent constraints on the energy dependence of the speed of light in vacuum, a manifestation of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) predicted by some quantum gravity (QG) theories. Our results show that the 95% confidence level lower limits on the QG energy scales are E_{QG,1}>10 times the Planck energy E_{Pl} for the linear LIV effect, and E_{QG,2}>6×10^{-8}E_{Pl} for the quadratic LIV effect. Our limits on the quadratic LIV case improve previous best bounds by factors of 5-7.

[A multicenter prospective clinical trial on the effect of domestic bone level implants on single tooth implantation and restoration].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical application effects of a domestic bone-level implant system for restoring single tooth loss, and provide clinical evidence for the promotion and application of domestic implants. Methods: A prospective, multicenter clinical trial was conducted from April 2018 to January 2020 in three institutions: Department of Oral Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Department of Stomatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The trial planned to include 100 patients for single tooth implantation and restoration, followed up for 1 year, to evaluate the implantation success rate and other related outcomes. Results: This study screened a total of 142 patients and ultimately included 100, comprising 43 males and 57 females with age of (47.0±12.2) years. Ninety-eight out of 100 patients completed a one-year follow-up (98.0%), while 2 patients terminated the trial early due to implant loosening (2.0%). After a one-year follow-up, the implants of the 98 patients were all functioning successfully, with a success rate of 98.0% (98/100). The patients were satisfied with the overall restoration effect. Conclusions: This study indicates that the domestic bone-level implant system has achieved favorable short-term clinical outcomes for single-tooth implantation and restoration.

[The application value of whole exome sequencing technology in diagnosis of hereditary renal cysts].

The data of 57 renal cyst patients who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2023 to March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The age of patients ranged from three months to 60 years old, with 31 males and 26 females. The whole exome sequencing (WES) detected pathogenic or suspected pathogenic (P/LP) variants in 48 renal cystic probands, with a detection rate of 84.2% (48/57), including PKD1, PKD2, PKHD1, LRP5, COL4A4 and ALG8 gene variants as well as copy number variations (CNV). In addition, four PKD1 gene variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were detected. In five WES negative families, one PKD1 nonsense variation was detected through long-range PCR (LR-PCR)+Oxford nanopore technologies, and one heterozygous deletion in exon 22 of PKD1 gene was detected through multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). In summary, WES can detect multiple types of variations, which is helpful for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of renal cyst patients. However, there is still a risk of failing to detect PKD1 gene by WES, therefore, healthcare practitioners should beware of the negative results of WES.

Measurements of Normalized Differential Cross Sections of Inclusive η Production in e

Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, the cross section of the inclusive process e^{+}e^{-}→η+X, normalized by the total cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons, is measured at eight center-of-mass energy points from 2.0000 to 3.6710 GeV. These are the first measurements with momentum dependence in this energy region. Our measurement shows a significant discrepancy compared to the existing fragmentation functions. To address this discrepancy, a new QCD analysis is performed at the next-to-next-to-leading order with hadron mass corrections and higher twist effects, which can explain both the established high-energy data and our measurements reasonably well.

[Efficacy and safety of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs combined with Linezolid for the treatment of pediatric tuberculous meningitis in real-word practice].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs combined with linezolid in treatment of children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was performed. Eight-nine Children diagnosed as TBM during January 1st 2016 and December 31st 2023 in Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled in the study. According to different treatment regimens, children were divided into a group of first-line anti-tuberculous drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol (HRZE)) and a group of HRZE and linezolid combination (HRZEL). The efficacy and safety of the 2 regimens were compared and the relationship between linezolid drug concentration and adverse reactions were analyzed. Comparisons between groups were performed using χ2 test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The 89 children with TBM included 53 males and 36 females with an onset age of 4.6 (1.4, 9.6) years. There were 27 cases in the HZREL group and 62 cases in the HRZE group. Before treatment, positive rate of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) in HRZEL group was lower than that in HRZE group (64% (16/25) vs.92% (55/60), χ2=9.82, P<0.05), but protein level of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was higher than that in HRZE group (1.2 (1.0, 2.0) vs.0.8 (0.4,1.4) g/L, Z=0.32, P<0.05). By the end of the intensive phase, there were no significant differences of rates of CSF improvement and etiology negativity between HRZEL group and HRZE group (both P>0.05).The 44 TBM children with high CSF protein (>1 g/L) included 25 males and 19 females with an onset age of 6.7 (3.0, 11.8) years. There were 21 cases in the HZREL group and 23 cases in the HRZE group accordingly. Before treatment, there were no significant differences of positive rate of IGRA test and CSF protein level between the 2 groups (62% (13/21) vs. 87% (20/23), 1.7 (1.1, 2.2) vs. 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) g/L, χ2=3.67, Z=0.23, both P>0.05). There were no significant differences in CSF indicators, etiology negativity or imaging remission between the two groups by the end of intensive phase (all P>0.05). Higher frequencies of granulocytopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms as well as withdrawal or change of drugs were found in HRZEL group when compared to those in HRZE group (44% (12/27) vs. 19% (12/62), 7% (2/27) vs. 0, 33% (9/27) vs. 3% (2/62), χ2=6.01, 4.70, 15.74, all P<0.05). Conclusions: The efficacy of HRZEL regimen is similar to conventional HRZE regimen in children with TBM, but with higher adverse effect. Prudentially evaluating the pros and cons of linezolid in the usage of drug-susceptible TB and carefully monitoring of linezolid associated adverse effects is suggested.

First Study of Antihyperon-Nucleon Scattering Λ[over ¯]p→Λ[over ¯]p and Measurement of Λp→Λp Cross Section.

Using (10.087±0.044)×10^{9} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the processes Λp→Λp and Λ[over ¯]p→Λ[over ¯]p are studied, where the Λ/Λ[over ¯] baryons are produced in the process J/ψ→ΛΛ[over ¯] and the protons are the hydrogen nuclei in the cooling oil of the beam pipe. Clear signals are observed for the two reactions. The cross sections in -0.9≤cosθ_{Λ/Λ[over ¯]}≤0.9 are measured to be σ(Λp→Λp)=(12.2±1.6_{stat}±1.1_{syst}) and σ(Λ[over ¯]p→Λ[over ¯]p)=(17.5±2.1_{stat}±1.6_{syst}) mb at the Λ/Λ[over ¯] momentum of 1.074 GeV/c within a range of ±0.017 GeV/c, where the θ_{Λ/Λ[over ¯]} are the scattering angles of the Λ/Λ[over ¯] in the Λp/Λ[over ¯]p rest frames. Furthermore, the differential cross sections of the two reactions are also measured, where there is a slight tendency of forward scattering for Λp→Λp, and a strong forward peak for Λ[over ¯]p→Λ[over ¯]p. We present an approach to extract the total elastic cross sections by extrapolation. The study of Λ[over ¯]p→Λ[over ¯]p represents the first study of antihyperon-nucleon scattering, and these new measurements will serve as important inputs for the theoretical understanding of the (anti)hyperon-nucleon interaction.

The Graded Incomplete Letters Test (GILT): a rapid test to detect cortical visual loss, with UK Biobank implementation.

Impairments of object recognition are core features of neurodegenerative syndromes, in particular posterior cortical atrophy (PCA; the 'visual-variant Alzheimer's disease'). These impairments arise from damage to higher-level cortical visual regions and are often missed or misattributed to common ophthalmological conditions. Consequently, diagnosis can be delayed for years with considerable implications for patients. We report a new test for the rapid measurement of cortical visual loss - the Graded Incomplete Letters Test (GILT). The GILT is an optimised psychophysical variation of a test used to diagnose cortical visual impairment, which measures thresholds for recognising letters under levels of increasing visual degradation (decreasing "completeness") in a similar fashion to ophthalmic tests. The GILT was administered to UK Biobank participants (total n=2,359) and participants with neurodegenerative conditions characterised by initial cortical visual (PCA, n=18) or memory loss (typical Alzheimer's disease, n=9). UK Biobank participants, including both typical adults and those with ophthalmological conditions, were able to recognise letters under low levels of completeness. In contrast, participants with PCA consistently made errors with only modest decreases in completeness. GILT sensitivity to PCA was 83.3% for participants reaching the 80% accuracy cut-off, increasing to 88.9% using alternative cut-offs (60% or 100% accuracy). Specificity values were consistently over 94% when compared to UK Biobank participants without or with documented visual conditions, regardless of accuracy cut-off. These first-release UK Biobank and clinical verification data suggest the GILT has utility in both rapidly detecting visual perceptual losses following posterior cortical damage and differentiating perceptual losses from common eye-related conditions.

Role of oedema and shrinkage patterns for prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival outcomes in luminal breast cancer.

AIMS: To explore the independent and additional value of oedema and shrinkage patterns for predicting the disease-free survival (DFS) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response in luminal breast cancer (BC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with luminal BC who underwent NAC were enrolled in this study from 2017 to 2022. Traditional MRI features include BI-RADS-based MRI descriptors, tumor size, and ADC values, while emerging MRI features include oedema and shrinkage patterns, all of which were evaluated before, early, and after NAC. The changes in features during NAC were also evaluated. The value of features was evaluated through univariate, multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 258 patients were enrolled in this study, of which 77 responded to NAC. Diffuse oedema, stable or increased oedema during early NAC were adverse predictors for treatment response, while a greater reduction in tumor size and increase in ADC value were favorable predictors (all P<0.05). Furthermore, 20 of 60 patients who were followed up experienced recurrence. Diffuse oedema, pre-pectoral or subcutaneous oedema, and non-concentric shrinkage patterns after NAC were risk factors for DFS, whereas a greater increase in ADC value was a protective factor. Incorporating oedema and shrinkage patterns into traditional MRI features improved the predictive performance for treatment response (AUC from 0.76-0.78 to 0.80-0.83) and DFS (C-index from 0.67-69 to 0.75-0.80). CONCLUSIONS: Oedema is an unfavorable predictor for treatment response and survival outcomes, while shrinkage patterns contribute more to the prognostic value, both of which could offer supplementary benefits for clinical outcomes in luminal BC.

[Treatment status of tyrosine kinase inhibitor for newly-diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia: a domestic multi-centre retrospective real-world study].

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the treatment status of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in China. Methods: Data of chronic phase (CP) and accelerated phase (AP) CML patients diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2022 from 77 centers, ≥18 years old, and receiving initial imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib or flumatinib-therapy within 6 months after diagnosis in China with complete data were retrospectively interrogated. The choice of initial TKI, current TKI medications, treatment switch and reasons, treatment responses and outcomes as well as the variables associated with them were analyzed. Results: 6 893 patients in CP (n=6 453, 93.6%) or AP (n=440, 6.4%) receiving initial imatinib (n=4 906, 71.2%), nilotinib (n=1 157, 16.8%), dasatinib (n=298, 4.3%) or flumatinib (n=532, 7.2%) -therapy. With the median follow-up of 43 (IQR 22-75) months, 1 581 (22.9%) patients switched TKI due to resistance (n=1 055, 15.3%), intolerance (n=248, 3.6%), pursuit of better efficacy (n=168, 2.4%), economic or other reasons (n=110, 1.6%). The frequency of switching TKI in AP patients was significantly-higher than that in CP patients (44.1% vs 21.5%, P<0.001), and more AP patients switched TKI due to resistance than CP patients (75.3% vs 66.1%, P=0.011). Multi-variable analyses showed that male, lower HGB concentration and ELTS intermediate/high-risk cohort were associated with lower cytogenetic and molecular responses rate and poor outcomes in CP patients; higher WBC count and initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher response rates; Ph(+) ACA at diagnosis, poor PFS. However, Sokal intermediate/high-risk cohort was only significantly-associated with lower CCyR and MMR rates and the poor PFS. Lower HGB concentration and larger spleen size were significantly-associated with the lower cytogenetic and molecular response rates in AP patients; initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher treatment response rates; lower PLT count, higher blasts and Ph(+) ACA, poorer TFS; Ph(+) ACA, poorer OS. Conclusion: At present, the vast majority of newly-diagnosed CML-CP or AP patients could benefit from TKI treatment in the long term with the good treatment responses and survival outcomes.

First Observation of a Three-Resonance Structure in e

We report the measurement of the inclusive cross sections for e^{+}e^{-}→nOCH (where nOCH denotes non-open charm hadrons) with improved precision at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV. We observe three resonances: R(3760), R(3780), and R(3810) with significances of 8.1σ, 13.7σ, and 8.8σ, respectively. The R(3810) state is observed for the first time, while the R(3760) and R(3780) states are observed for the first time in the nOCH cross sections. Two sets of resonance parameters describe the energy-dependent line shape of the cross sections well. In set I [set II], the R(3810) state has mass (3805.7±1.1±2.7) [(3805.7±1.1±2.7)] MeV/c^{2}, total width (11.6±2.9±1.9) [(11.5±2.8±1.9)] MeV, and an electronic width multiplied by the nOCH decay branching fraction of (10.9±3.8±2.5) [(11.0±3.4±2.5)] eV. In addition, we measure the branching fractions B[R(3760)→nOCH]=(25.2±16.1±30.4)%[(6.4±4.8±7.7)%] and B[R(3780)→nOCH]=(12.3±6.6±8.3)%[(10.4±4.8±7.0)%] for the first time. The R(3760) state can be interpreted as an open-charm (OC) molecular state, but containing a simple four-quark state component. The R(3810) state can be interpreted as a hadrocharmonium state.

Determination of Spin-Parity Quantum Numbers of X(2370) as 0

Based on (10087±44)×10^{6} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, a partial wave analysis of the decay J/ψ→γK_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}η^{'} is performed. The mass and width of the X(2370) are measured to be 2395±11(stat)_{-94}^{+26}(syst) MeV/c^{2} and 188_{-17}^{+18}(stat)_{-33}^{+124}(syst) MeV, respectively. The corresponding product branching fraction is B[J/ψ→γX(2370)]×B[X(2370)→f_{0}(980)η^{'}]×B[f_{0}(980)→K_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}]=(1.31±0.22(stat)_{-0.84}^{+2.85}(syst))×10^{-5}. The statistical significance of the X(2370) is greater than 11.7σ and the spin parity is determined to be 0^{-+} for the first time. The measured mass and spin parity of the X(2370) are consistent with the predictions of the lightest pseudoscalar glueball.

Observation of Structures in the Processes e

We present measurements of the Born cross sections for the processes e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} and ωχ_{c2} at center-of-mass energies sqrt[s] from 4.308 to 4.951 GeV. The measurements are performed with data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 11.0 fb^{-1} collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider storage ring. Assuming the e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c2} signals come from a single resonance, the mass and width are determined to be M=(4413.6±9.0±0.8) MeV/c^{2} and Γ=(110.5±15.0±2.9) MeV, respectively, which is consistent with the parameters of the well-established resonance ψ(4415). In addition, we also use one single resonance to describe the e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} line shape and determine the mass and width to be M=(4544.2±18.7±1.7) MeV/c^{2} and Γ=(116.1±33.5±1.7) MeV, respectively. The structure of this line shape, observed for the first time, requires further understanding.