ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess HIV-free survival and nutritional status of HIV-exposed infants. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on infants born to woman with HIV infection born at our Institute between January 2011 to March 2016, and followed using current National guidelines. HIV transmission rate, HIV-free survival, and nutritional status were assessed 18 months age. RESULTS: Of the 155 infants, 10 (6.5%) died before 18 months of age. Two of 145 surviving infants were confirmed HIV-positive, the remaining were HIV-negative at 18 months (HIV-free survival 92.3%). Of the 10 infants who died, one was confirmed HIV-positive and three negative; the rest died before their HIV status could be ascertained. HIV infection rate among the 149 infants for whom the test reports were available was 2%. At 18 months age, 14% HIV-uninfected infants were wasted, 28% stunted, and 3% had microcephaly. CONCLUSIONS: Infants born to mothers with HIV managed as per the current National guidelines have a good outcome at 18 months of age.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Nutritional Status/physiology , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Infant , Male , Malnutrition , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare growth, anemia prevalence, and sickness frequency in HIV- exposed uninfected infants on different feeding modes. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, 109 HIV-exposed uninfected infants registered at our center were categorized into three groups as per their feeding mode during first 6 months viz. exclusively breast fed (n=50), animal milk fed (n=40) and commercial infant formula fed (n=19). Their anthropometric parameters, hemoglobin and frequency of sickness at the age of 6 months were compared. RESULTS: There were no significant inter-group differences in the weight for age, weight for length, length for age z-scores (P=0.16, 0.37 and 0.12, respectively); proportion of infants with underweight (P=0.63), wasting (P=0.82), or stunting (P=0.82), and mean hemoglobin levels among the 3 groups at 6 month of age. Animal milk fed and formula fed infant had increased risk of sickness compared to exclusively breastfed infants (OR 2.5 and 2.49, respectively; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In circumstances where breastfeeding is not feasible or preferred, animal milk feeding offers a viable alternative to commercial infant feeding formula in HIV exposed infants.
Subject(s)
Anemia/prevention & control , Breast Feeding , Environmental Exposure , Growth Disorders/prevention & control , HIV Infections , Infant Formula , Milk , Anemia/epidemiology , Anemia/etiology , Animals , Buffaloes , Cattle , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Goats , Growth Disorders/epidemiology , Growth Disorders/etiology , Humans , Infant , Infant Care/methods , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Thinness/epidemiology , Thinness/etiology , Thinness/prevention & controlABSTRACT
We report nasopharyngeal teratoma in a term female neonate, that presented within first week of life with episodic stridor, apnea and cyanosis. Laryngoscopy revealed a mass which was confirmed by MRI. The mass was surgically excised and diagnosed as nasopharyngeal teratoma on histopathology. The child is doing well on follow-up.
Subject(s)
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/complications , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
The sensitivity and specificity of a new clinical sign of hypocalcaemia were evaluated. The Swan-neck sign, wherein infants with symptomatic hypocalcaemia keep their big toe hyperextended at the metatarsophalangeal joint and flexed at the interphalangeal joint, was looked for in 25 infants presenting with non-febrile seizures, alongside their serum calcium levels. The study showed that the sign had a sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 66.6%. (Predictive values of positive and negative tests were 93.3% and 20%, respectively.) This is compared with the standard Trousseau and Chvostek signs.
Subject(s)
Hypocalcemia , Metatarsophalangeal Joint/physiopathology , Toes/physiopathology , Calcium/blood , Humans , Hypocalcemia/diagnosis , Hypocalcemia/physiopathology , Infant , Predictive Value of Tests , Seizures/etiology , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Documentation of superfoetation is extremely rare in humans., The younger foetus has invariably been small for gestational age (estimated from the date of the last menstrual bleed) in all the cases reported in the literature. We report a case where the younger twin was of appropriate size for gestation. CASE PRESENTATION: The first of twins was of 32 weeks gestation and the baby was of appropriate size and development for the gestational age. The second twin was of 36 weeks gestation. Gestational age was estimated with the New Ballard score, x-ray of the lower limbs, dental age on x-ray, and ophthalmic examination. CONCLUSION: Bleeding on implantation of the first foetus probably helped demarcate the two pregnancies. Dental age and the New Ballard score can be used to diagnose superfoetation in discordant twins, when detailed first trimester ultra-sound data is not available.