Comparative study of anatomical features of primary and accessory maxillary ostia between patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy controls.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine how the size and shape of the maxillary sinus and its ostia (the primary maxillary ostium and accessory maxillary ostium) relate to each other in patients with OSA using computed tomography (CT) scans. Additionally, the study aimed to explore whether or not obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) had an effect on these structures. METHODS: CT images of patients diagnosed with OSAS and healthy participants were evaluated to compare the patency, location, dimension, and presence of PMOs and AMOs using the Mann-Whitney U, Student t, and chi-square tests. Also, intragroup correlations were analyzed by Spearman's correlation test. RESULTS: Among 139 patients with OSA and healthy controls, there were significant variations in the average length (p = 0.001) and width (p = 0.008) of PMOs among the study groups. The mean maxillary sinus volume was significantly decreased in the OSA group (p = 0.001). A significant decrease in the maxillary sinus volume was observed in the OSA group (p = 0.001). In the OSA group, a significant correlation was observed between PMO obstruction and the presence of AMO (p = 0.004). The healthy group had significant correlations (r = 0.755, p = 0.000) between the vertical height and the distance between PMO and the maxillary sinus floor. Correlation analyses revealed positive, strong correlations between study variables such as the mean length and width of AMO and the vertical height of the maxillary sinus (r = 0.566, p = 0.000) in the OSA group. CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicated significant differences in sinus volume, PMO occlusion, and AMO-related dimensions between patients with OSA and healthy controls.

Failure of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Organ Preservation in Laryngeal Cancer: Survival Outcomes and Recurrence Patterns.

Although definitive chemoradiation (CRT) has been used for locally advanced laryngeal cancer for more than 2 decades, studies focusing on CRT failures in advanced laryngeal cancer are scarce. In this study, we aimed to determine the failure patterns and the survival outcomes in the patients who had recurrence after concurrent CRT for laryngeal cancer. Clinical records of the patients who had definitive concurrent CRT for laryngeal cancer between 2001 and 2014 at a tertiary referral center were reviewed. The end points of the study were 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).In our results, there were 48 failures and the mean time period from the first diagnosis of disease to the diagnosis of recurrence was 18.0 months (range 2-72; standard deviation: 15.6). The most common recurrence pattern was local recurrence in 21 (47.9%) patients followed by regional recurrence in 11 (22.9%) patients. The 1 and 3 years OS rates were 41.7%, and 19.2% for the entire cohort, and 64.5%, and 29.7% for the patients who had not systemic recurrence at presentation of recurrence, respectively. The 1 and 3 years DSS rates were 43.5%, and 20.0% for the entire cohort, and 69.0%, and 31.8% for the patients who had not systemic recurrence at presentation of recurrence, respectively. All patients who had systemic recurrence initially (n = 13) died within 9 months (median = 4 months, range: 1-9 months). This study reveals that survival outcomes are unfavorable in the CRT failures and careful patient selection is critical to minimize failures. In the presence of systemic recurrence, disease course is aggressive.

The demographics and histopathological features of oral cavity cancers in Turkey.

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to examine the demographics and histopathological features of oral cavity cancers (OCCs) managed in our clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed with OCCs in the Gazi University Otorhinolaryngology Department between the years 1993 and 2013 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Surgical archive charts and pathology records were reviewed in detail regarding the anatomical and histopathological profiles of the tumors, as well as the demographic data of the patients. RESULTS: Out of 230 patients with OCCs, the most common anatomic location and histopathological diagnosis were found to be the oral tongue (41.4%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (84.3%), respectively. A marked predominance of SCC was observed in all subsites of the oral cavity except the hard palate location. The mean age at presentation was 55.5 ± 13.4 years (±SD). The male:female ratio was found to be 2.2:1. A male predominance was also present in all subsites except the retromolar trigon. CONCLUSION: OCCs particularly concern the elderly population with a male predominance. The most common location and histopathological type are the oral tongue and SCC, respectively.

Comparison of three different concurrent chemoradiation regimens for treatment of laryngeal cancer.

During last decades, laryngeal organ preservation strategies have emerged. The data about the oncological outcomes mainly come from multi-institutional prospective studies. In this study, we aimed to determine the oncological outcomes of different organ preservation regimens applied in routine practice. Patients who had definitive concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) for treatment of laryngeal cancer between January 2001 and June 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 139 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Three groups were defined: group A (n = 59) consisted of subjects who had concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy (RT), group B (n = 47) consisted of subjects who had cisplatin/docetaxel-based concurrent CRT, and group C (n = 33) had induction chemotherapy before concurrent cisplatin and RT. The Kaplan-Meier estimated 5-year overall survival, disease-specific survival, disease-free survival, and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates for the whole study group were 66.5, 69.2, 69.6, and 88.9 %, respectively. None of these survival rates were statistically different when the treatment arms were compared. The 3- and 5-year LRFS rates were significantly lower in subjects with a T4a tumor (p = 0.030). According to our results, the oncological outcomes of three different platinum-based concurrent chemotherapy schemes were similar and high local control rates could be achieved with the use of these protocols. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before concurrent CRT was not superior to conventional concurrent treatment.

Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck: recurrence characteristics and survival outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review oncologic outcomes and recurrence characteristics of head and neck mucosal melanomas (HNMMs) managed at a tertiary referral center. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical records of 10 patients who were managed for HNMMs between 2001 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The median age was 66 years (range 28-76 years) and male/female (M/F) ratio was 1:5. The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates and overall survival (OS) rates were 11.7% and 35%, respectively; and the 5-year DFS rates and OS rates 11.7% and 23.3%, respectively. The median DFS and OS periods were 12 months (range 2-36 months) and 17 months (range 7-96 months), respectively. The rates of development of local, regional, and systemic recurrences were 20%, 50%, and 80%, respectively. Lungs were involved in all patients who had distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that HNMMs has a very aggressive course and that distant metastases are common. For this reason, systemic control of the disease is an important aim of treatment.

The basaloid variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

INTRODUCTION: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Because of its rarity, both clinical and prognostic features of this variant are not well known. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of BSCC and other SCC variants among all laryngeal SCC cases, and to determine clinical and prognostic features of BSCC variant. STUDY DESIGN: retrospective cohort study. Evidence level: Level 2b. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Records of the patients who had laryngeal SCC surgically treated at our institute between 2007 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Among 198 subjects who had laryngeal SCC surgically treated, the frequency of the variants of SCC other than classical variant was 10.1% (20/198). The most common SCC variant was BSCC (6.6%). Eleven (84.6%) patients with BSCC were at an advanced stage at the presentation (p > 0.05). The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 63% and 53% respectively. CONCLUSION: BSCC variant may be more common than previously reported. Since almost the half of patients experiences disease recurrence in the early period, multimodal treatment strategies should be employed at initial treatment, and a close follow-up is strongly recommended for this aggressive SCC variant.

The basaloid variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx / O basaloide variante do carcinoma de células escamosas da laringe

INTRODUCTION: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Because of its rarity, both clinical and prognostic features of this variant are not well known. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of BSCC and other SCC variants among all laryngeal SCC cases, and to determine clinical and prognostic features of BSCC variant. Study design: retrospective cohort study. Evidence level: Level 2b. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Records of the patients who had laryngeal SCC surgically treated at our institute between 2007 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Among 198 subjects who had laryngeal SCC surgically treated, the frequency of the variants of SCC other than classical variant was 10.1% (20/198). The most common SCC variant was BSCC (6.6%). Eleven (84.6%) patients with BSCC were at an advanced stage at the presentation (p > 0.05). The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 63% and 53% respectively. CONCLUSION: BSCC variant may be more common than previously reported. Since almost the half of patients experiences disease recurrence in the early period, multimodal treatment strategies should be employed at initial treatment, and a close follow-up is strongly recommended for this aggressive SCC variant. .

INTRODUÇÃO: O carcinoma escamoso basaloide (CEB) é um raro subtipo do carcinoma de célula escamosa (CCE). Em decorrência de sua raridade, os aspectos clínicos e prognósticos dessa variante não são bem conhecidos. OBJETIVO: Determinar a frequência de CEB e de outras variantes do CCE entre todos os casos de CCE da laringe, assim como os aspectos clínicos e prognósticos da variante CEB. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Nível de evidência: 2b Os registros dos pacientes tratados cirurgicamente para CCE de laringe em nossa instituição entre 2007 e 2013 foram retrospectivamente revisados. RESULTADOS: Foram anotados 198 pacientes tratados cirurgicamente para CCE de laringe. A frequência das variantes de CCE diferentes da variante clássica foi 10,1% (20/198). A variante de CCE mais comum foi CEB (6,6%). Por ocasião da apresentação inicial, 11 (84,6%) pacientes com CEB estavam em estágio avançado (p > 0,05). Os percentuais de sobrevida geral após três anos e de sobrevida livre da doença foram 63% e 53%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A variante CEB pode ser mais comum do que o informado anteriormente. Considerando que praticamente metade dos pacientes sofre recorrência da doença em seu período inicial, devem ser introduzidas estratégias terapêuticas multimodais no tratamento inicial; além disso, recomendamos enfaticamente um cuidadoso seguimento para essa agressiva variante do CCE. .

Neoplasms of the hard palate.

PURPOSE: Although the most common neoplastic lesion of the oral cavity is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), primary neoplastic lesions of the hard palate have not been systematically reviewed to date. The aim of this study was to determine the histopathologic composition and characteristics of neoplasms of the hard palate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 66 patients with a primary neoplasm of the hard palate managed at the authors' institution from 1985 through 2012 was performed. Demographic features, malignancy rate, histopathologic characteristics and distribution, TNM staging results, metastasis patterns, and management strategies were investigated. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 66 patients (mean age, 45.0 yr; 57.6% men). Neoplasms were benign in 57.6% of cases and malignant in 42.4%. Epithelial neoplasms and mesenchymal neoplasms were encountered in 52 patients (78.8%) and 14 patients (21.2%), respectively. Minor salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) were the most common histopathologic group (60.6%), followed by benign mesenchymal tumors (15.2%), SCCs (12.1%), malignant melanomas (6.1%), lymphomas (3.0%), and sarcomas (3.0%). Although 75.0% of malignant epithelial neoplasms were at an advanced stage, there were no pN+ SCC or malignant MSGT cases at presentation. CONCLUSION: The most common neoplasms of the hard palate were MSGTs. SCCs were relatively rare in this series. Although three-fourths of neoplasms were at an advanced stage, neck metastasis was not a characteristic of malignant epithelial neoplasms located in the hard palate.

An analysis of petrous bone cholesteatomas treated with translabyrinthine transotic petrosectomy.

CONCLUSION: In cases of petrous apex cholesteatoma, radical removal should be prioritized over an unreasonable sparing of hearing or facial symmetry. Restoration of facial nerve function is achievable by reanimation procedures. OBJECTIVES: To analyze clinical manifestations, surgical findings, and postoperative functional results of petrous apex cholesteatoma. METHODS: From 1995 to 2012, 34 cases of petrous apex cholesteatoma underwent operations. Clinical and surgical findings and postoperative functional outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Hearing loss was the most common symptom in 95% of patients, followed by otorrhea in 64% and facial palsy in 59%. Four patients had recurrent facial palsy. In eight (24%) patients petrous apex cholesteatomas were recurrent or iatrogenic in origin. The supralabyrinthine and massive type of petrous bone cholesteatoma were the most common types, followed by, infralabyrinthine-apical, infralabyrinthine, and apical. Among 18 cases with facial nerve paralysis, 8 underwent hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis, 4 underwent rerouting and end to end anastomosis, 3 of them did not undergo any treatment because of the duration of facial palsy (> 3 years), and another 3 patients for whom we had recommended facial-hypoglossal anastomosis did not accept the operation. There were no major complications. Recurrence was observed in two (5%) cases.